Jalandhar District Research Articles

Navigating Future Paths: An Insightful Study on Career Awareness Among Senior Secondary Students

This study investigated the level of career awareness of rural and non-rural students of Jalandhar district. Career awareness questionnaire developed by researcher was used for collecting the data. Questionnaire has forty items using a three pointer scale, agree, undecided and disagree sample size is (N=240, 12th grade). Simple random sampling technique was used to collect the sample. This study compares career awareness of male and female students and compares career awareness of rural and urban students of district Jalandhar. The total 240 sample was drawn for the study, and the analysis and interpretation was done by computing Mean

Therapeutic Effects of Folklore Herbs in Arsha Roga - A Survey Study

In the month of September 2023, a field survey on the flora of the Randhawa Masanda village which is located in the Jalandhar district of Punjab state, was carried out. It was helpful to identify and gather information through field surveys and other non-direct methods, such as a thorough analysis of the literature on folklore species of medicinal plants found in Ayurvedic classical texts of different periods, by maintaining continuous direct communication with the health staff and inhabitants. Once the names of the folklore medicinal plants were recorded, extensive literature reviews finalized the botanical identification, part used, mode of preparation of herbal medication and their use in a particular disease i.e. arsha roga with which patients vising local health clinics. These traditional plant species boost the country's economy.

To assess knowledge, attitude, and practices among caretakers of adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities as regards causes, management methods, and rehabilitation of such children in Jalandhar District of Punjab

Background: Among the developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are the most common disorders present in human beings. Both of these account for 3–5% of the population. Early intervention with applied behavior analysis in natural surroundings may lead to improvements in I.Q. and change in ASD diagnosis. For young children, caretakers are the first source of instruction in social behavior and training of caretakers is considered very important for effective intervention programs for autistic children. Therefore, intervention strategies should be made through a joint approach between parents and professionals. Aims and Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of caretakers of adults with ASD and ID regarding causes, management, and rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: Caretakers of 100 adults with ASD and ID were selected randomly from APAAR, an NGO based in PIMS; Chanan, an association of caretakers of adults with ID and ASD and from the records with District Education Officer, Jalandhar, were interviewed on a semi-structured pro forma. The data so obtained were analyzed statistically. It was a one-time study. Inclusion criteria – caretakers of adults with ID and ASD who were willing to participate. Exclusion criteria – caretakers of adults with ASD and ID who were not willing to participate. Results: 19 (18.45%) of caretakers of adults with ASD/ID believed that their condition was due to some medical condition whereas 77 (74.76%) believed that it was due to some old karma. 24 (23.3%) parents of children with ASD/ID undertook medical treatment including prevocational training and rehabilitation whereas 72 (69.9%) parents took treatment for traditional healers. 7 (6.8%) did not participate in the study. Conclusion: The majority of caretakers of adults with ASD/ID believed that the condition of their wards was due to old karma and possession by evil spirits as compared to medical causes and so they preferred traditional healing methods instead of medical treatment.

Assessing the variability in temperature and rainfall extremes using RClimdex in Jalandhar district of Punjab

Assessing the variability in temperature and rainfall extremes using RClimdex in Jalandhar district of Punjab

A cross-sectional study to assess menstrual hygiene and school absenteeism related to menstruation among school going adolescent girls of Jalandhar district

Background: In India, lack of awareness of safe menstrual hygiene practices is an important issue of adolescent health and is related to various adverse health outcomes. In addition, lack of proper washing facilities is a key factor leading to many adolescent girls missing school due to menstruation. Objectives of current study were to assess the knowledge of menstrual hygiene and its practices among school going adolescent females, associated socio- demographic factors and the prevalence of school absenteeism due to menstruation.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the school going adolescent girls of 16 to 19 years age to assess the menstrual hygiene practices and related school absenteeism. A total of 180 participants were evaluated using a self-designed, self-reported and pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Less than half of the participants had prior knowledge of menstruation. Association of education of mother and prior knowledge was statistically significant. Most of the participants missed school due to menstruation. The association between excessive bleeding and absenteeism also showed statistically significant results.Conclusions: The study displayed good results regarding menstrual hygiene practices. Majority of participants had access to sanitary pads and maximum of them followed proper methods of disposal. School absenteeism due to menstruation was seen in more than half of the study population and menstruation had a huge impact on their daily lives.

Changes in River Channel Dynamics of the Satluj River, Punjab: Using a Geospatial Approach

Abstract River channel change is a dynamic process which involves erosion, accretion, lateral migration and changes in its width through the geomorphological process. Shifting of a river causes a direct impact on natural and manmade constructions which are located near the floodplain with consistent damage and devastation of the area. The objective of this study is to analyze the spatiotemporal variation along the Satluj river during the period 1990 to 2019 using Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI satellite data. Spatiotemporal analysis of the river channel has been carried out to analyze the river channel change morphology, mid-line channel shifting and changes in surface water area of the Satluj river using twenty randomly distributed cross-sections (X1-X20). For surface water area change analysis, the satellite derived normalized difference water index (NDWI) has been used. The obtained results indicates that the river width increased by 0.033 km in overall cross-section (X1-X20) in the year 2019 as compared to the year 1990. Mid-line shifting of the river is mostly towards the left bank of the river. The maximum channel shifting of 1.364 km took place from Chak Bandala village in Jalandhar district to Madarpur village in Moga district between the years 1990 and 2019. However, the NDWI results indicate that the river surface area has been reduced by -90.33 km2 between the years 1990 and 2019. Additionally, the average shifting rate of the Satluj river during the period 1990 to 2019 is by 0.778 km.

Role of psycho-social variables in dealing with trauma of child sexual abuse

Objective: The study was undertaken to determine “Role of Psycho-Social variables in dealing with Trauma of Child Sexual Abuse”. Two different areas were taken for the present study such as Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, Jalandhar district of Punjab, 100 subjects were taken (50 subjects were male and 50 female subjects) purposefully and were matched age, sex, education, occupation, family environment scale, self-esteem scale, sexual and physical abuse questionnaire, childhood trauma questionnaire, multidimensional scale of social support, were employed to each of the subjects in two sessions.The following standardized questionnaires will be used in the study and will be administered through both offline and online mode. Results revealed that male subjects showed more prominence in family environment and social support. Female subjects showed more prominence in self-esteem in the exposure of sexual and physical abuse female subjects were found to be more exposed in this regard and male subjects were more exposed to childhood trauma. This may be due to that, among young adults male subjects are getting more access to family environment and social support and female subjects are commonly exposed to sexual and physical abuse whereas male subjects are getting more traumas in childhood in terms of physical abused.

Forecasting mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperature of Jalandhar district of Punjab, India using seasonal ARIMA model

The long-term air temperature data series from 1971-2019 was analyzed and used for forecasting mean monthly air temperature at the district level. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin test, and Mann-Kendall test were employed to test the stationarity and trend of the time series. The mean monthly maximum air temperature did not show any significant variation while an increasing trend of 0.04°C per annum was observed in mean monthly minimum air temperature, which was detrended. Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving–averages were used to forecast the forthcoming 5 years (2020-2024) air temperature in the district Jalandhar of Punjab. The goodness of fit was tested against residuals, the autocorrelation function, and the histogram. The fitted model was able to capture dynamics of the time series data and produce a sensible forecast.

Balbir Madhopuri. Ātaṅk aur jātivādī ḍaṅk / Terror and Casteism Sting (Сhapters from Chāṅgiā rukh / Against the Night)

The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist, and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s (Pic. 1, 2, 3). Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books including three volumes of poetry, translated 36 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 44 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. His new fiction novel Miṭṭī bol paī (Earth Has Spoken, 2020) focuses on the struggle of downtrodden Punjabis for their human rights and the ad-dharam movement in the North of India in the 1920–1940s. This novel brought him a prestigious international award for excellence in Punjabi fiction, the Dhahan Prize, in 2021. Narrating his autobiography, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts, and emotions from childhood and youth days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation, and injustice. The first of the two translated chapters, Dillī ke lie ravāngī (Departure for Delhi [Madhopuri, 2010], describes the atmosphere of the 1980s — the times of an undeclared terrorist war in Punjab when Sikh secessionists struggled for establishing an independent Khalistan state in India. Looting, raping, killing, setting off bombs in buses and trains, and taking civilian hostages became a sad reality that forced many Punjabis to leave their homes forever. In the final chapter of the book, Kirāyedārī kī lānat (Being a Tenant), Balbir Madhopuri reflects on the issues of social oppression and caste inequality that remain in the contemporary society and tells readers about the most difficult initial period of his life in India’s cosmopolitan capital.

Diversity In Managerial Skills Of Secondary School Teachers

The purpose of the research was to study the Diversity in Managerial Skills of SecondarySchool Teachers. 200 teachers of Secondary Schools of Jalandhar District were taken assample for the study. Purposive Sampling technique was used for sampleselection. 20 secondary schools fromJalandharDistrict were randomly selected. From these schools a sample of 100 government and 100 private school teachers was taken. Purposive method of sampling was used to select 10 teachers from each school. The collected data was analyzedby employing statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation and t- test .The results ofthe research show that there was significant difference in managerial skills of Private and Government school teachers.

Attitude Of Teachers Towards Inclusive Education In Relation To Their Perceived Self-Efficacy To Teach In Inclusive Classroom

Inclusive Education is the education which is provided to the special needs and general students in the same roof with the special support devices or services. This paper aims to look upon the concept of inclusive education in general. The central purpose of the paper is to find the Teachers’ attitude towards inclusive education in relation to their perceived self-efficacy to teach in inclusive classroom. For the present study a sample of 50 teachers of government schools were drawn by using simple random sampling method. The study is delimited to the Jalandhar district only. Findings of the study were; a total of 24% of teachers were having positive attitude (overall), 62% showed neutral attitude (overall) and 14% of teachers were found with negative attitude (overall) towards inclusive education. Also, a total of 12% of teachers were found to have positive efficacy (overall), 76% of teachers have neutral efficacy (overall) and 12% teachers have negative overall perceived efficacy to teach in inclusive classroom. Teachers’ attitude towards inclusive education was found positively correlated with perceived self-efficacy to teach in inclusive classroom.

A study of teacher effectiveness of secondary school teachers in relation to their gender, location and type of school

The purpose of this research paper is to obtain access to the teacher effectiveness of secondary school teachers in relation to their gender, location and type of school. For the conduct of the research, the survey approach was used. The Teacher Effectiveness Scale (2010) was created by Dr. Shallu Puri and Prof. S.C. Ghakhar to gather data from teachers in secondary schools. Samples of 130 secondary school teachers from the Jalandhar district of Punjab were randomly chosen for this research. To analyze the results, statistical techniques such as Mean, SD, and t-test were used. The result showed that at both stages of importance, there is no significant difference between female and male high school teachers. There is a significant difference between the effectiveness of urban and rural secondary school teachers at both levels, and there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of teachers among secondary school teachers with regard to the form of institution.

Prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in Jalandhar district of Punjab

Background: Estimating the HIV seroprevalence in a low-risk population such as pregnant women provide essential information for monitoring trend of HIV in the general population and assist in prevention from mother-to-child transmission. Aim and Objectives: To assess and compare the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women during the past 5 years in Jalandhar dist. of Punjab (2016–2021). Materials and Methods: All pregnant women coming to Antenatal Clinic in urban and rural areas, in Government health institutions were tested for HIV as a mandatory procedure, to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child. The results of these tests were taken from HIMS reports of rural and urban health institutions in Jalandhar district, from local health authority for the past 5 years (2016–2021), after taking permission from Institutional Ethics Committee. Comparison of year-wise positivity was done after statistical analysis. It was a retrospective cross-sectional study of rural and urban population. Results: The data shows that HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Jalandhar District for the past 5 years shows a decreasing trend. Prevalence which was 0.17% in 2016–2017 was reduced to 0.11% in 2020–2021. Conclusion: Prevalence of HIV among pregnant women has shown a decreasing trend in Jalandhar district during the past 5 years (2016–2021).

Tikḍe šīše kī vyathā / The Tale of the Cracked Mirror (A Сhapter from Chāṅgiā rukh / Against the Night)

The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist, and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books, including three volumes of poetry, translated 36 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 44 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. His new fiction novel Miṭṭī bol paī (Earth Has Spoken, 2020) focuses on the struggle of downtrodden Punjabis for their human rights and the ad-dharam movement in the North of India in the 1920–1940s. Narrating his autobiography, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts, and emotions from childhood and youth days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation, and injustice. The chapter Tikḍe šīše kī vyathā (The Tale of the Cracked Mirror [Madhopuri, 2010]) tells readers about the everyday life of Madhopur, complicated relationships between the village inhabitants, as well as about the destinies of low-caste Punjabis. Memories of joys and sorrows, hopes and fears of the childhood years go side by side with Balbir Madhopuri’s reflections on social oppression and caste inequality that remain in contemporary India’s society.

Estimation of point prevalence of common skin diseases affecting schoolchildren in the age group of 6-15 years in Jalandhar district of Punjab

Background: Little information is available about prevalence of skin conditions among schoolchildren of North India. Low socioeconomic status, malnutrition, overcrowding, and poor standards of hygiene are important factors accounting for distribution of skin diseases in developing countries such as India. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to estimate point prevalence of common skin diseases affecting schoolchildren in the age group of 6–15 years in Jalandhar district of Punjab. Materials and Methods: A total of 6000 schoolchildren of the age group of 6–15 years were examined in a random sample of government school in urban and rural area of Jalandhar district. Of these children with common diseases were identified. Out of these children with skin diseases were further studied. The data were statically analyzed. Results: Out of the total schoolchildren in the age group of 6–15 years examined, 11.9% were having one or the other form of identifiable disease. Out of these, 13.7% were having skin diseases. Conclusion: The common reason for prevalence of such diseases was poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding, and poor standards of hygiene. Hence, awareness programs among schoolchildren regarding taking affordable balanced diet and care of their personal hygiene were advised.

Economic Benefits of Protected Vegetable Cultivation by the Farmers Trained by KVK Jalandhar

The study was undertaken to examine the economic benefits of protected vegetable cultivation. A total sample of 200 respondents practicing protected vegetable cultivation was selected from Jalandhar district from which 150 respondents were trained by KVK Jalandhar and the remaining 50 respondents were non-trainees. The findings concluded that 42.0 percent of trainees and 38.0 percent of non-trainees were in the age group of 39-52 years. It was revealed that 19.3 percent of trainees had a graduate level of education while 20.0 percent of non-trainees had a middle level of education. It was found that 66.0 percent of trainees and 54.0 percent of non-trainees had medium landholding. The majority of trainees (78.6 percent) and non-trainees (86 percent) had farming as an occupation. Most of the trainees and non-trainees contacted horticulture development officers. It was concluded that 32.6 percent of trainees procured seed or seedling from private firms whereas 40.0 percent of non-trainees procured seed or seedling from fellow farmers. The trainees obtained higher yield and net profit than non-trainees from all sample vegetable crops.

Perception and Problems of KVK Trained Farmers for Kitchen Gardening

The study was conducted purposively in the Jalandhar district of Punjab. A list of 348 trained farmers on kitchen gardening during the period of 2011-2015 was obtained from KVK, Jalandhar. Out of the procured list, a total sample of 200 respondents was selected based on probability proportional to the number of trainees in each year from 2011-2015. All the respondents perceived that in kitchen garden quality vegetables, easy availability of vegetables round the year and chemical-free vegetables were produced also. Almost all the respondents (95.00 percent) thought that the availability of fresh vegetables followed by 90.00 percent thought that beneficial to health (fewer visits to doctor’s clinic) and change in taste in a better way. It was reported by 60.00 percent of the respondents that the quantity of intake per person has increased. The majority of the respondents faced the problem of attack of insect-pest and diseases in the summer season followed by frequent inundation of kitchen garden during the rainy season and problem of proper protection of local animals grazing. The majority of the respondents suggested that vegetable seedlings should be provided by PAU/KVK so procurement of the seedling from private seed shops at a higher price could be avoided.

БАЛБИР МАДХОПУРИ. ТЕРНИСТЫЙ ПУТЬ (ГЛАВА ИЗ АВТОБИОГРАФИИ «ОБРУБЛЕННОЕ ДЕРЕВО»)

The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books including three volumes of poetry, translated 35 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 42 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. Narrating the story, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts and emotions from early days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation and injustice. The chapter Kãṭīlī rāhõ ke rāhī (The Thorny Path [Madhopuri, 2010]) tells readers about the destiny of low-caste Punjabis as well as about village traditions and rituals featuring Hindu, Sikh and Muslim beliefs deeply intertwined in the Land of Five Rivers. Memories of childhood joys and sorrows go side by side with Balbir Madhopuri’s reflections on social oppression and caste inequality that still remain in contemporary India’s society. This commented translation is the final one in a series of four chapters from Balbir Madhopuri’s autobiography scheduled for publication in this journal in 2020.

БАЛБИР МАДХОПУРИ. С ЧИСТОГО ЛИСТА: ЗАРУБКИ В ДЕТСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ (ГЛАВА ИЗ АВТОБИОГРАФИИ «ОБРУБЛЕННОЕ ДЕРЕВО»)

The commented translation from Hindi of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of low-caste inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. In 2014 he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi, his mother language. Narrating the story, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts and emotions from early days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation and injustice. The chapter Kore kāġaz kī gahrī likhat (Inscriptions on a Tender Mind [Madhopuri, 2010]) tells readers about joys and sorrows, hopes and fears, delights and regrets that were part of his childhood in Madhopur. Scenes from everyday life in the home village, episodes highlighting complex relations between its inhabitants — predominantly Sikhs and Hindus — intertwine with Balbir Madhopuri’s reflections on social oppression and caste inequality that still remain in contemporary India’s society. This commented translation is the third in a series of four chapters from Balbir Madhopuri’s autobiography scheduled for publication in this journal in 2020.

Балбир Мадхопури. Баньян — «дерево чамаров» (глава из автобиографии «Обрубленное дерево»)

This commented translation from Hindi of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of low-caste inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960s — early 1970s. After two decades after independence, destinies of those stuck in the lowest part of the social ladder remained unenviable — despite the fact that according to India’s constitution, untouchability was abolished and its practice in any form was forbidden. The main social conflict in Punjab’s villages between high-caste landowners, Jats, and low-caste chamars, chuhras and other village servants is still underway — with only minor modifications. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. Narrating his story, Balbir Madhopuri shares childhood memories and emotions that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation and injustice. The metaphor of a hardy bargad — a strong and powerful tree that used to be heart and soul of chamars’ area in Madhopur, but was slashed and distorted at a whim of the high and mighty villagers — holds a special place in the book.