IT Development Research Articles

Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and IoT Platforms for IT Management and Development: A Review

Cloud computing has transformed the delivery and management of IT services, and with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud platforms have become even more crucial for developing and managing IT solutions. This critical review article presents the latest research on cloud computing platforms with IoT capability and their impact on IT management and development. The review covers the advantages of cloud computing platforms, including their cost-effectiveness, scalability, and flexibility. It also provides an in-depth analysis of six leading cloud platforms with IoT capability: ThingSpeak, Ubidots Platform, AWS IoT, IBM Watson, ThingWorx, and Salesforce Platform. The review focuses on their features, capabilities, and limitations. The article concludes by emphasizing the crucial role of cloud computing platforms with IoT capability in IT management and development and their potential for future growth and development. The insights provided by this review are essential for researchers and practitioners who seek to comprehend the emerging trends in cloud computing platforms and their impact on IT management and development.

Risk Assessment and Recommendation Strategy Based on COBIT 5 For Risk - A Case Study of an Internet Service Provider Company

Information technology governance is part of organizational management that includes leadership and ensuring that information technology has a broad scope to meet needs. The concept of IT Governance is a method of managing technology users in. The company, in this case, provides IT needs and solutions to customers ranging from hardware, software, and services. A good business case will include the problem in information technology governance, especially when it comes to maintenance related to POP or Post Office Protocol which is the internet protocol used on TCP/IP networks such as the internet. In this study, the framework used as a reference in IT development is COBIT 5. The domain processes studied are EDM02 – Ensure Benefits Delivery, APO07 – Manage Human Resources, and APO10 – Manage Suppliers, who can evaluate IT governance at this Company. The research method used is Gallego's Theory starting from planning, field inspection, reporting, and follow-up. The results of this study were obtained from the evaluation of information technology governance in the Company got to level 1 capability with fully achieved achievement but could not move up to the next stage, that is, level 2, resulting in a gap analysis of 1 level from the target level expected by the Company.

Experimental Analysis of Security Attacks for Docker Container Communications

Docker has become widely used as an open-source platform for packaging and running applications as containers. It is in the limelight especially at companies and IT developers that provide cloud services thanks to its advantages such as the portability of applications and being lightweight. Docker provides communication between multiple containers through internal network configuration, which makes it easier to configure various services by logically connecting containers to each other, but cyberattacks exploiting the vulnerabilities of the Docker container network, e.g., distributed denial of service (DDoS) and cryptocurrency mining attacks, have recently occurred. In this paper, we experiment with cyberattacks such as ARP spoofing, DDoS, and elevation of privilege attacks to show how attackers can execute various attacks and analyze the results in terms of network traffic, CPU consumption, and malicious reverse shell execution. In addition, by examining the attacks from the network perspective of the Docker container environment, we lay the groundwork for detecting and preventing lateral movement attacks that may occur between the Docker containers.

The Hidden Effect of COVID-19: Strength Test and Existential Challenges for Territorial Entities (Case of French Municipalities)

This article is based on research results received via a survey system that for more than three years has been used in search of the determinants of the organizational optimum of territorial public administrations. The aim of this research was to observe three issues that emerged at the end of the first confinement during COVID-19 pandemic. The issues covered in this article seem to form many challenges to overcome for local authorities in the coming weeks such as role of place, sense, well-being at workplace, development of digital instruments and IT, role of human resources after the pandemic.

Effectiveness of Self-guided Tailored Implementation Strategies in Integrating and Embedding Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Mental Health Care: Results of a Multicenter Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial.

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) services for common mental health disorders have been found to be effective. There is a need for strategies that improve implementation in routine practice. One-size-fits-all strategies are likely to be ineffective. Tailored implementation is considered as a promising approach. The self-guided integrated theory-based Framework for intervention tailoring strategies toolkit (ItFits-toolkit) supports local implementers in developing tailored implementation strategies. Tailoring involves identifying local barriers; matching selected barriers to implementation strategies; developing an actionable work plan; and applying, monitoring, and adapting where necessary. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ItFits-toolkit with implementation-as-usual (IAU) in implementing iCBT services in 12 routine mental health care organizations in 9 countries in Europe and Australia. A stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design with repeated measures was applied. The trial period lasted 30 months. The primary outcome was the normalization of iCBT delivery by service providers (therapists, referrers, IT developers, and administrators), which was measured with the Normalization Measure Development as a proxy for implementation success. A 3-level linear mixed-effects modeling was applied to estimate the effects. iCBT service uptake (referral and treatment completion rates) and implementation effort (hours) were used as secondary outcomes. The perceived satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), usability (System Usability Scale), and impact of the ItFits-toolkit by implementers were used to assess the acceptability of the ItFits-toolkit. In total, 456 mental health service providers were included in this study. Compared with IAU, the ItFits-toolkit had a small positive statistically significant effect on normalization levels in service providers (mean 0.09, SD 0.04; P=.02; Cohen d=0.12). The uptake of iCBT by patients was similar to that of IAU. Implementers did not spend more time on implementation work when using the ItFits-toolkit and generally regarded the ItFits-toolkit as usable and were satisfied with it. The ItFits-toolkit performed better than the usual implementation activities in implementing iCBT services in routine practice. There is practical utility in the ItFits-toolkit for supporting implementers in developing and applying effective tailored implementation strategies. However, the effect on normalization levels among mental health service providers was small. These findings warrant modesty regarding the effectiveness of self-guided tailored implementation of iCBT services in routine practice. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03652883; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03652883. RR2-10.1186/s13063-020-04686-4.

SG-APSIC1047: Patient instrument tracking system

Background: In the post–COVID-19 era, competency of healthcare workers is very important, and new technology is imperative. The central sterile supply department (CSSD) staff must also improve their response when a patient infection is reported. The sterilization process is more important than ever. Objectives: We sought to simplify surveillance to act faster, to reduce the time to obtain patient data, and to eliminate nonvalue stream mapping in the workflow process in order to prevent patient harm and strengthen our infection prevention and control efforts. Methods: The CSSD staff met with an IT developer to determine requirements for an electronic surveillance program. Before this intervention, we scanned hard copies of patient records and stored them in a folder on a computer on a daily basis. These data were difficult to search, monitor, and display, and this method wasted time in locating patient data. The IT developer designed a program to track patients and instruments. The program collected data regarding the patient’s surgery, instruments used, and monitoring information. With the help of the IT developer, the CSSD staff tested and tweaked the new platform until accuracy and usability were achieved. Staff were trained on the use of the new system before it was implemented. Results: This project yielded simplified surveillance that improved the infection prevention process, reduced potential patient harm, and strengthened the ability of the IPC team to analyze and act on data. Conclusions: A simple surveillance system for tracking patients and instruments used assists both CSSD and IPC teams. This system assures the performance of sterilization procedures. When adverse events occur, patients who used these devices are tracked, and an analysis is performed to identify and implement improvements.

Transforming the business process diagram into a class diagram by model-driven architecture

<span lang="EN-US">The strength of the model-driven architecture (MDA) lies in its use of models and diagrams in the process of visualizing and developing information systems of companies, that is why we chose the business process model and notations (BPMN) due to the simplicity of the symbols of its diagrams and the clarity of its notations so that all simple users of information systems within the organization can understand their needs and goals quickly and smoothly. In our paper, we suggested that we connect all categories of the staff in the companies, whatever their specialty, and the IT developers, by making a transformation between the BPMN diagrams as independent computing model to the unified modeling language (UML) class diagram as platform independent model. We chose the latter as a destination due to its development and the possibility of transforming it into a powerful and integrated program, and also to complete other transformations later, we chose query views transformations (QVT) due to its consistency with the same family of programs and previous languages.</span>

Qirati Method: Unlocking Student Motivation and Controversy of Closing Educational Institutions

The purpose of this research is to increase children's interest in learning the Qur'an at TPA al-Muhajirin. This type of research is qualitative with a grounded theory design. The resource persons in this study were teachers and students. Data collection techniques were intensive and in-depth information search through interviews, observation, and documentation. Analysis by formulating data variations with triangulation. Data interpretation uses the author's arguments through the literature. The results of the study found that the factors causing a decrease in children's interest in learning the Qur'an at TPQ Rumah Tahfizh al-Muhajirin were declining student health and fatigue, lack of support from parents, unpleasant school programs, influential colleagues, divided by IT development, and incompetent teachers. While there is no solution to the factors causing the decline in children's interest in learning the Qur'an at TPQ, because TPQ has stated that in the coming year TPQ will close from various considerations. The recommendation is to increase teacher competence with the qiroati method so that interest in learning the Qur'an can be developed.

Assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a solution-focused resource-orientated approach (DIALOG+) to improving the quality of life for people with psychosis in India and Pakistan—a cluster RCT

BackgroundSevere mental illness (SMI) presents a major challenge worldwide, affecting approximately 5–8% of the world’s population. It causes significant distress to affected people, families and wider communities, generating high costs through loss of productivity and ongoing healthcare use. Over 75% of patients with psychosis receive inadequate care and experience a negative financial impact and reduced quality of life (QoL). It is therefore a priority to reduce the treatment gap by providing low-cost, effective interventions for people with psychosis.Our research project, PIECEs, is designed to explore, adapt and test a low-cost, approach (DIALOG+) that makes use of existing resources to improve community-based care for patients with psychosis. The research will be conducted in two urban sites: Karachi, Pakistan and Chennai, India. DIALOG+ is a novel, technology-assisted and resource-oriented intervention, based on QoL research, concepts of patient-centred communication, IT developments and solution-focused therapy. However, the approach has not been rigorously tested within India and Pakistan. Our randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of DIALOG+ in improving the QoL and clinical outcomes for individuals with long-term psychosis being treated in the community in India and Pakistan.MethodsTo assess the acceptability, feasibility, and cost effectiveness of DIALOG+, we will conduct a cluster RCT with 210 patients and 14 clinicians in each country. The intervention will be used during a routine interaction between a clinician and a patient. It consists of a patient-centred assessment (the DIALOG scale) whereby the clinician invites the patient to rate their satisfaction with different life domains and treatment aspects, which forms the active control group. The intervention group will follow this up with a four-step solution-focused approach to identify the patient’s resources and develop solutions to deal with the patient's concerns (DIALOG+).DiscussionIf shown to be effective DIALOG+ has the potential to improve community-based care and the QoL for millions of people within India and Pakistan who experience psychosis.Trial registrationThe trial was registered prospectively on the ISRCTN Registry: ISRCTN13022816 on 9 February 2022.

ROZWÓJ E-URZĘDU NA PRZYKŁADZIE ZAKŁADU UBEZPIECZEŃ SPOŁECZNYCH

The Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) is a leading office developing digital services for citizens and an important element of e-government in Poland. Its digital reforms are part of the process of building the e-government. For several years, ZUS has been implementing strategies and projects aimed at increasing customer satisfaction. It is possible thanks to the innovative solutions in customer service, as well as a transparency and efficiency in managing public funds. The implemented modern reforms brought measurable financial benefits and positive qualitative changes, which resulted in the improvement in the public opinion of the institution. The strategic plans of ZUS, including the “Strategy of the Social Insurance Institution for the years 2021–2025” and the “IT development strategy in ZUS for 2021–2025”, envisage the continuation of the direction of reforms and projects, mainly related to the expansion of the scope of application of modern IT solutions.

E-LEARNING IN THE UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT

The paper focuses on the issue of e-learning in the university environment. Developments in IT have led to the emergence of new ways of working and training for students. Thus, in recent years, in order to increase the recruitment of students, the academic environment has implemented in educational offers online teaching and learning methodologies, less expensive. Distance learning has gained a special rise in the university environment, through the prism of new technologies, being approached the notions of e-learning, virtual library or virtual university. In recent years, an educational boom has been launched through Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs), a concept that offers anyone the opportunity to study anywhere and anytime. MOOCs are essentially an online phenomenon, integrating the connectivity offered by social networking, with facilitating access to recognized experts in a field of study, as well as to collections of online resources with free access.

Assessing the readiness of russian industrial enterprises for digital integration in the new economic conditions

Integration processes ensure the progressive growth of the national economy, especially reckoning the factors of the crisis and the imbalance of the socio-economic environment in different forms of manifestation, including those caused by sanctions restrictions. The actualization of the problem of assessing digital integration at the level of the sectoral economy is due to the lack of comprehensive analytical methods that allow to identify the prerequisites and prospects for the digital integration of Russian industrial enterprises, considering various factors of the internal and external environment. The study’s aim is to generalize related approaches and tools for analyzing the digital transformation of industrial enterprises and to develop a methodological approach to assessing the readiness of Russian industrial enterprises for digital integration. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach, since digital integration relations cover a wide range of tasks, the solution of which involves the use of systemic, factorial, statistical, evidence-based, comparative and expert methods, as well as grouping and clustering. These methods make it possible to identify specific features of the assessment of digital integration in the industry. The information base for the assessment is the officially submitted data from the Russian system of statistical observation, as well as samples of approved target indicators of Russian strategic planning documents in digitalization and ensuring the sustainability of industrial enterprises. Based on the generalization of foreign and domestic experience, the authors have identified the parameters that were a subject to evaluation in terms of digital integration of industry complexes, groups of enterprises and legal entities. Systematization of scientific approaches to the research of digital aspects of industrial facilities proposed by domestic and foreign scientists. This allowed the authors to determine the basic conditions and factors that were the main ones for assessing the readiness of Russian industrial enterprises to the digital integration. In addition, the authors proposed evaluation indicators with the possibility of visualizing the results obtained for making further management decisions. The assessment results can be incorporated into making strategic decisions aimed at involving IT business entities, development institutions and industrial enterprises in digital integration. Considering the results obtained from the position of the authors, it makes sense to strengthen the functional and regulatory impact on large regional manufacturing enterprises with a high potential for digital integration.

ОЦЕНКА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТИ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛИ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В РОССИИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Ensuring the accelerated development of the information technology industry is attributed in Russia to one of the main strategic tasks of the country's development. A significant number of measures aimed at stimulating the development of the Russian information technology industry (hereinafter referred to as the IT industry) have been developed, approved, and are being implemented. The general requirements for the quality of public administration indicate that for the success of these measures, it is necessary to ensure a timely assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency. The lack of such an assessment can become a practical problem that remains unresolved which significantly hinders the success of government efforts to stimulate development in the IT industry. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to analyze the current state and prospects for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of stimulating the development of the IT industry. To achieve this goal: with a view to assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of stimulating the development of the IT industry, determining its status and approach to its implementation, strategic documents affecting the issues of stimulating the development of IT have been analyzed; the current and prospective approaches to assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of stimulating the development of the IT industry have been identified, substantiated and characterized; a draft methodology for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of stimulating the development of the IT industry that implements a promising approach has been developed; proposals on fixing a promising approach to the institutionalization of the evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of stimulating the development of the IT industry are presented. The necessity of normative institutionalization of the developed assessment mechanism, including amendments and additions to federal legislation and by-laws, is substantiated. Comparative analysis of mechanisms and criteria for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of stimulating the development of other economic sectors, as well as specifying criteria and assessment indicators in relation to specific tools and measures for stimulating development have been suggested as promising areas of scientific research in this field as a special function of public administration.

Structure and trends of the IT services market

The negative situation revealed promising directions for the development of various segments of IT services, and entrepreneurs received a driver for development in the form of new information technologies. In modern conditions, the IT market is developing much more dynamically than most industries. Together with fundamental factors, the development of the IT services market is accelerated by current socio-economic processes. So the pandemic for three years provokes stagnation in many industries and sectors of the economy, but at the same time activates the development of new IT. The object of this study is the dynamics and prospects of the Russian IT services market. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the IT services market, assess the risks and potential development opportunities. The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of the time series of the IT services market, some data from an econometric analysis. The results of a correlation-regression analysis to determine the relationship between GDP and the IT services market, calculations of correlation coefficients, elasticity and β-coefficient are presented. Preliminary calculations of predictive dynamics of the IT services market are given. As a result of the analysis, potential opportunities and threats for forecasting are identified, which are required in the subsequent integrated forecasting model and structural modeling using discrete mathematics.

Інноваційний розвиток ІТ-сфери в Україні

The development of strategic guidelines in the IT sphere deserves considerable attention in view of the efficiency and long-term consequences that certain decisions and actions have for the development of IT business in the country. Strategic management of innovation activities in the IT sphere should involve policies and procedures available for implementation in the conditions of specific companies that ensure the protection of the assets of the entity, efficiency and effectiveness of management. The above requires the definition of basic forms of implementation of the IT development strategy in Ukraine, which indicates the relevance of this study. Among researchers of the innovation process today, the prevailing belief is that innovations in the modern economic environment arise and be spread in the networks that connect individual actors. This position is formed on the basis of the evolution of views on the problems of the course of innovation processes and finds expression in the conception of feedback models, integrated models, as well as the concept of «open innovation environment». The researchers have also identified the following components of innovation development: social activity, creative activity, intellectual capital and entrepreneurial initiative. At the same time, studies of the problems of implementing the innovation process in the IT sphere in the reviewed works relate primarily to the micro level and much less to the macro level, that is, taking into account the need to solve the problems of development of this sphere and the economy of the country as a whole. The creation, assimilation and dissemination of innovations in the modern economic environment should be implemented in the form of a certain development strategy, within which it is possible to manage, control and stimulate the course of this process. The article is aimed at substantiating strategic guidelines for innovative development of the IT sphere in Ukraine under current conditions, under the influence of factors of the business environment and specifics of the national innovation system. The informational basis of the carried out study is the normative legal acts of Ukraine on the issues of conducting economic activity of enterprises, the implementation of innovation activity; scientific publications of leading foreign and domestic scientists. The study uses general scientific and special methods: induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis; dialectical method – in identifying specific features of strategic innovative development of the IT sphere in Ukraine; abstraction, generalization, system, functional methods – when developing a strategy for the development of the IT sphere in Ukraine and the forms of its practical implementation. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the strategic management of innovation activities in the IT sphere should use instruments available for implementation in the conditions of specific companies that ensure the protection of the assets of an economic entity, efficiency and effectiveness of management. The configuration of such instrumentarium is formed taking into account the problems of development of the IT sphere, country-specific development factors, global trends in the development of IT technologies, i. e., the limitations and opportunities that determine the form and content of the instruments used. The basic forms of implementation of the IT development strategy in Ukraine are determined. Prospects for further research are to deepen and structure the instrumentarium for managing innovation activities in the IT sphere of Ukraine, which can be applied to specific directions of such activities.

РАЗВИТИЕ ТЕОРИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The need to develop the theory of management of innovative activity of an organization is due to the fact that in modern market conditions it is quite difficult to implement projects of innovative activity and innovative processes. In connection with these, there is a need to determine and choose the right innovative strategy for a modern organization. The pandemic has become a global economic, social and environmental challenge for all countries and businesses. When it comes to innovations and the introduction of advanced technologies at Russian enterprises, there are two trends - IT developments and "green" technologies. In the context of a pandemic and a general decline in activity in the economy, many companies have the opportunity to open new business lines that have potential today. Few enterprises can effectively use their innovative potential, so sooner or later they are forced to give up their place in the market to advanced companies. The success of the latter lies in strengthening the innovative component of growth, applying innovations that allow reducing production costs, producing goods that are competitive on the world market, earning additional profits, etc. Today, in the context of exacerbation of geopolitical events, the problem of implementing innovative ideas and introducing advanced technical developments is relevant for organizations, especially for the defense industry, due to lack of time and sanctions restrictions. But, as practice shows, this is possible on the basis of new digital opportunities and innovative activity of the staff. The development of an appropriate innovation strategy will be the set of managerial decisions that are aimed at a qualitative change in the organization with the aim of its effective functioning in the latest conditions.

ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN METHODS OF DRAWINGS RECOGNITION AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF TRANSFORMATION 2D IN 3D

The article presents an analysis of the main methods for recognizing drawings and the possibilities of transforming two-dimensional models (2D) into three-dimensional models (3D). Despite the rapid development of IT, the question of accuracy and speed of transformation of two-dimensional models into three-dimensional ones remains open. As machine design technologies and corresponding automated decision-making systems (CAD) develop, the number of methods and models that can potentially be used in the task of drawing recognition and 2D to 3D transformation is rapidly increasing. Today, there are quite a large number of methods for recognizing drawings and converting them into a three-dimensional model, but each of them has a certain number of shortcomings. Therefore, there is a need to carry out a comprehensive analysis of these methods, which can potentially be applied in the context of solving problems of drawing recognition and 2D to 3D transformation. It should be noted that there is a contradiction between the traditional procedure for preparing drawing documentation on paper media until the 80s and 90s of the 20th century and the new methods of 3D modelling that have been developed since the mid-90s. This gives designers truly unlimited opportunities to prepare design and technical documentation, without focusing on the problem of preparing design and drawing documentation and the features of entering input data. Application software significantly facilitates this process. Note that most 3D systems (for example, software products Autodesk TinkerCAD, DesignSpark Mechanical, FreeCAD, Autodesk AutoCAD, ZBrush, Blender, etc.) use approaches that allow synthesizing a frame or boundary representation of an object modelled in space. Professional systems (for example Autodesk 3ds Max, Autodesk Maya) use generalized models of spatial objects. This idea assumes that the designers have appropriate information arrays, which a priori should correspond to all projections of the object in the three main planes.

Розвиток парадигми РОП на основі теоретичних досліджень у сфері безпеки

The paper considers the introduction and development of the risk-based approach (RBA) para-digm. It describes the capabilities of RBA methods to categorize threats by their level of dan-ger, which allows the use of information technologies and the implementation of more efficient optimization measures. A gradual transition to the RBA paradigm from the point of view of IT development and as a way to the independent (impartial) audit of the main safety parameters has been traced. The possibilities and limitations of the existing methods are analyzed, and the trend toward the transition to adaptive security management is shown in the paper. The possibil-ities of reducing the costs of building models for determining the numerical values of risk due to the development of probabilistic structural and logical models by types of dangerous objects and productions are demonstrated. The significant potential of domestic developments concern-ing the development and implementation of a probabilistic-physical approach to the assessment of durability and reliability using probabilistic models based on DM- and DN-distribution func-tions in conditions of insufficient information on failures is described in the article. The work demonstrates the effectiveness of the transition to the modern methods of safety analysis based on the RBA paradigm in Ukraine's nuclear energy sector since the early 2000s. In this sector, thanks to the updating of development processes, safety planning measures, and government control, the damages resulting from emergency shutdowns have decreased by more than 10 times. At the same time, it has been noted that our country is lagging behind in implementing the RBA paradigm in other areas of production and life. To accelerate the implementation of RBA in a wide range of industries and spheres of life, the priority problems and tasks related to the development of IT, which require solutions in our country and all over the world, have been formulated.

Creating a Desktop-Based Learning Resource with an Educational Game Application for the Introduction to Accounting Course

The objective of this study was to create a desktop-based educational gaming medium for the Introduction to Accounting course in order to improve students’ interest in learning the material delivered. Research and development (R&D) was the technique employed, and the stages of the development model began with needs analysis, design, and development. A needs analysis was conducted to determine the needs and traits of the students who will be the target users of this computer game. Interviews and the distribution of questionnaires were used to conduct the analysis. The purpose of the analysis of students was to gather data on what the students need from their accounting classes. The initial design was transformed into a storyboard design during the design stage, and the game was developed in accordance with the design that was made during the development stage. The application system that was developed was then tested and validated. The validation was performed on seven individuals: one lecturer, one IT developer, and five students. The validation results indicated that the product was very feasible with an average validator assessment score of 82.3%. The scores of 75%, 82.7%, and 89.3% assigned by the media expert, material expert, and users, respectively, served as evidence for this. This educational game was created to add variation to teaching methods; however, it is not able to take the place of the lecturer in the process of teaching. Since the development of this instructional game is still in its early stages, additional research can be carried out by adding new materials with a more attractive appearance using added animation or music in the background.

A methodological framework for a quantitative assessment of new technologies to boost the interoperability of railways services

This work aims to present a methodological framework to assess to what extent innovative technologies meet the needs of Travelers and TSPs involved in the digital ecosystem for door-to-door trips in Europe, making railways and public transport more attractive. Two kinds of quantitative data are used, operational KPIs and USI surveys. The Effectiveness, as a metric of the capacity to meet these needs by the innovative technology, is calculated by merging both data. The method considers travelers' socio-demographic profiles, allowing comparisons among TSPs and profiles for a specific technology. This work belongs to the methodological framework of the IP4MaaS project, which sets 6 demo sites on which this assessment method will be applied in a further stage. This work is interesting for TSPs and IT developers, researchers, policymakers, and organizations in the transport sector.