Iterative Program Research Articles

A simplified approach for settlement analysis of single pile considering pile end settlement induced by skin friction in multilayered soils

A simplified approach for the nonlinear analysis of the load–displacement response of a single pile is presented using the load-transfer approach. In the present method, a hyperbolic model is adopted to simulate the load–displacement response of both the pile base and the shaft. Using the Mindlin displacement solution of the elastic half-space, the pile end settlement induced by the skin friction of pile is calculated. Based on the present analytical method, a highly effective iterative computer program is developed for the analysis of the response of a single pile. The validity of the present method is then demonstrated with the results of the load tests carried on instrumented piles. The calculated results indicate that at all loading levels, the proposed method is generally in good agreement with the well-documented field test results and the calculated results derived from other approaches. It is noted the pile head displacement obtained from the present approach increases with increasing failure ratio of skin friction and end resistance at the same loading level. It is also observed that the influence of the failure ratio of skin friction to the pile head displacement is slightly larger than the influence of the pile end resistance.

Heat transfer characteristics of thin power-law liquid films over horizontal stretching sheet with internal heating and variable thermal coefficient

The effect of internal heating source on the film momentum and thermal transport characteristic of thin finite power-law liquids over an accelerating unsteady horizontal stretched interface is studied. Unlike most classical works in this field, a general surface temperature distribution of the liquid film and the generalized Fourier’s law for varying thermal conductivity are taken into consideration. Appropriate similarity transformations are used to convert the strongly nonlinear governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into a boundary value problem with a group of two-point ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The correspondence between the liquid film thickness and the unsteadiness parameter is derived with the BVP4C program in MATLAB. Numerical solutions to the self-similarity ODEs are obtained using the shooting technique combined with a Runge-Kutta iteration program and Newton’s scheme. The effects of the involved physical parameters on the fluid’s horizontal velocity and temperature distribution are presented and discussed.

A Retention-Aware Multilevel Cell Phase Change Memory Program Evaluation Metric

Multilevel cell (MLC) phase change memory (PCM) offers many potential advantages in scalability, bit-alterability, non-volatility, and high program speed. While many program approaches had been proposed, they were usually evaluated in energy, delay, or energy-delay product (EDP). These metrics, however, often overlook the data integrity maintenance (DIM) overhead caused by the resistance drift (R-drift) phenomenon in the MLC PCM. This letter proposes a program-maintenance (PM) metric, which is a modified EDP metric with DIM consideration. Furthermore, we evaluated the PM metric of various pulse shapes in iterative program–verify scheme. From the measured data of a 128M-cell MLC PCM chip, we showed that the PM metric of optimized pulse shape is better than those of the conventional SET and RESET pulse shapes up to 86.7%.

Journey Toward Evidence-Based Status: Seeking Admission to Formal Program Registries.

In the past two decades, evidence-based status has been a coveted credential for many nonprofit organizations hoping to legitimize their programs or interventions. Several formal registries exist to provide a collection of health and prevention programs evaluated by experts and deemed "evidence-based." While registries offer positive benefits like allowing for a centralized listing of approved programs, there have been concerns about issues pertaining to the process of obtaining the evidence-based credential. Namely, some of the criticisms include the use of inappropriate study designs, the lack of consistent evaluation of evidence provided in support of programs, as well as program creators being involved in the evaluation that ultimately shows positive program effects. Using focus groups of prevention specialists, this study explores the quest for evidence-based status. The results show themes of vindication, acting as a resource, and perceptions of relevant others informing the deeper meaning of motivation for pursuit of evidence-based status. Additionally, emergent themes of program iteration and evolution inform program preparation. The article shows that while placement on an evidence-based registry is a highly sought-after achievement, many program creators fail to understand the evaluation process for admittance as well as the potential criticisms of the lists.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY AS AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY AT PATIENTS WITH CANCER

This study aims to identify the nature of the mental flexibility to cancer patients affected by psychological pressures resulting from the disease and affect the behavior of the patient in the various aspects of his life, in order to adapt to patients with the disease. Which leads us to study how to improve the level of mental flexibility in cancer patients, the study of the psychological and social consequences of cancer treatment. To achieve this goal, the researcher hired a sample of the actual study of cancer tumors Aswan center totaling patients (140) patients, aged between 30 years and over 50 years. The researcher apply a treatment program that includes psychological flexibility measure them and the sample survey for three consecutive months. They selected 60 patients who received the lowest scores when answering vertebrae and dimensions of psychological flexibility used measure to represent the true and final study sample (experimental sample), then patients were divided into two groups, experimental group applied by the program and the number (30) patients and a control group of (30) patients, has addressed the data obtained by using the individual differences between the averages and test T and standard deviation: There are statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the measurement pre and post experimental group to gauge the psychological flexibility. There were no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the pre and post measurement of the control group to measure the psychological flexibility. There are statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the experimental group and the control group on the scale of mental flexibility in posttest performance dimensions. There were no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average of the experimental group on the psychological measure of flexibility in the post test and iterative program.

Analysis on Modification of the Measured Results of Test Pile Due to the Influence of Reaction Piles in Static Loading Test

Abstract In static load testing, the measured displacement of the test pile is different from that of an individual pile loaded by the same load. This is because the transferred load of the reaction piles through the soils causes an opposite movement of the test pile. To modify the measured results of test pile due to influence of reaction piles in static loading test conducted by using reaction piles as the reaction system, this paper presented a simple analytical approach for the analysis of the influence of reaction piles on the test pile response in static load testing. This was done by using the load-transfer approach. In this paper, the shaft displacement at a given depth was assumed to be composed of the pile-soil relative displacement developed at the disturbed soil around pile and the elastic vertical soil displacement developed in the soil mass. A load-transfer function which is similar to a hyperbolic model was then established to simulate the relationship between unit skin friction and shaft displacement at a given depth. Furthermore, a hyperbolic model was used to describe the relationship between unit end resistance and pile end displacement. Considering interactive effects between reaction piles and test pile, the load transfer function of the test pile in static load testing conducted using reaction piles as the reaction system is proposed. As to the analysis of the response of an influenced test pile considering progressive deformation of pile-soil system, a highly effective iterative computer program was developed to modify the response of an influenced test pile in static load testing. Comparisons of the load-settlement responses of a single pile and an influenced test pile in static load testing demonstrated that the proposed method is generally in good agreement with the observed behavior and the calculated results derived from other approaches.

Effectiveness of Game Jam-based iterative program for game production in Japan

In this paper, we will introduce a game production program to iterate multiple game development cycles in a limited period. In one semester, we executed a game development process thrice, changing members every time. Students had the opportunity to gain experience, working with different people; also, by being provided a time limit for the development process, they learned how to manage development time effectively. Furthermore, by implementing the plan–do–check–act (PDCA) cycle [ASQ] in each development, students had the opportunity to identify and solve problems during the semester. Using this framework, we worked on the following three educational problems in Japan:(1)Mixed development with students of diverse ages and educational levels(2)Consciousness of development time(3)Understanding of each individual׳s strong and weak pointsFinally, we compared three types of programs (this program, Global Game Jam, and a mentor-based development program) in order to evaluate the aspects of game development that can be learned by them. We discussed how to develop a curriculum using a Game Jam framework. CR categoriesK.3.2 [COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION]: Computer and Information Science Education—Curriculum K.3.2 [COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION]: Computer and Information Science Education—Self-assessment.

Characterization and non-clinical assessment of the proposed etanercept biosimilar GP2015 with originator etanercept (Enbrel®)

ABSTRACTBackground and objective: Biosimilars are approved biologics that are comparable to an originator product with respect to quality, safety and efficacy. Herein, the authors describe the functional and non-clinical studies designed to determine the biosimilarity of GP2015 and originator etanercept (Enbrel®).Methods: The development of an Enbrel biosimilar (GP2015) involved extensive characterization of the originator. A step-wise target-directed and iterative technical development program involving state-of-the-art functional characterization studies and non-clinical evaluations (pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety/toxicology) was applied with the aim of confirming that GP2015 is comparable to originator (Enbrel) at the non-clinical level.Results: In in vitro tests, GP2015 and Enbrel had comparable binding affinities to TNF-α, C1q complement and a complete panel of Fc-Receptors. Comprehensive functional characterization testing confirmed the comparability of GP2015 with Enbrel in terms of its ability to bind to and neutralize TNF-α, which reflects the primary mechanism of action of etanercept. Non-clinical data confirmed that the proposed biosimilar to Enbrel, GP2015, is comparable with regards to its pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic activity, and efficacy as well as safety/toxicity.Conclusion: The proposed Enbrel biosimilar, GP2015, was shown to be comparable to its originator product in studies designed to confirm biosimilarity.

Analysis of lubricating performance for spur gear pairs applying tribo-dynamic model

A tribo-dynamic model for spur gear pairs combined dynamic loading with elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory is proposed in this paper. The integrated model incorporates a transverse-torsional dynamic model and a mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication model to predict the dynamic behavior and lubricating performance of a spur gear pair under typical operating conditions. The dynamic model considering time-varying mesh stiffness, backlash as well as friction force generated from contact surfaces is built up to predict the dynamic tooth forces and surface velocities for the elastohydrodynamic lubrication model. In return, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication model taking into account the transient effect provides the dynamic model with viscous damping, friction forces and moments that play a non-negligible role in free and forced vibrations. In view of the convergence and efficiency, an iterative calculation program combined Runge-Kutta method and the multigrid method is developed to implement the tribo-dynamic model orderly to investigate the mutual relationship between the two models. The elastohydrodynamic lubrication predictions of the proposed model under dynamic conditions are compared to those obtained from a quasi-static elastohydrodynamic lubrication model to demonstrate the influence of the coupling effect on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication behavior. Simulation results indicate that the vibration caused by time-varying gear mesh force may enhance the friction coefficient at high speed.

Simplified non-linear approaches for response of a single pile and pile groups considering progressive deformation of pile–soil system

This work presents a simplified approach for the nonlinear analysis of the load–displacement response of a single pile and pile groups embedded in multilayered soils. A hyperbolic model is used to capture the relationship between the skin friction and the pile–soil relative displacement developing along the pile–soil interface. The shaft displacement is assumed to be composed of the pile–soil relative displacement developing at the disturbed soil around the pile shaft and the elastic vertical soil displacement developing in the soil mass. The relationship between the shaft displacement and the skin friction is then presented. Moreover, a hyperbolic model is also used to capture the relationship between end resistance and pile end displacement. Considering the interactive effect among piles, hyperbolic models of an individual pile in pile groups are proposed. As to the analysis of the response of a single pile and pile groups, considering the progressive deformation of the pile–soil system, a highly effective iterative computer program is developed using the proposed hyperbolic models. Comparisons of the load–settlement responses demonstrate that the proposed method is generally in good agreement with the field-observed behavior and the calculated results derived from other approaches.

Teacher Educator Identity in a Culture of Iterative Teacher Education Program Design: A Collaborative Self-Study

Faculty in the School of Education have collaborated to re-envision teacher education at our university. A complex, dynamic, time-consuming and sometimes painstaking process, redesigning a teacher education program from a traditional approach (i.e. where courses focus primarily on theoretical principles of practice through textbooks and university-based classroom discussions) to a model of teacher education that embraces teaching, learning and leading with schools and in communities is challenging, yet exciting work. Little is known about teacher educators’ experiences as they either design or deliver collaborative field-based models of teacher education. In this article, we examine our experiences in the second implementation year of our redesigned teacher education program, Teaching, Learning, and Leading with Schools and Communities (TLLSC) and how these unique experiences inform our teacher educator identities. Through a collaborative self-study, we sought to make meaning of our transformation from a faculty delivering a traditional model to educators collectively implementing a field-based model, by analyzing the diverse perspectives of faculty at different entry points in the TLLSC development and implementation process. We found that our participation in an intensive field-based teacher preparation model challenged our notions of teacher educator identity. In a culture of iterative program design, this study documents the personal and professional shifts in identity required to accomplish this collaborative and dynamic change in approach to teacher education.

Two-Phase Flow Solver for Hypersonic Entry Flows in a Dusty Martian Atmosphere

The occurrence of global dust storms on Mars is one of the most spectacular meteorological events in the solar system. The following question arises: What influence might dust particles have on the heat flux onto a heat shield of a planetary probe entering the Martian atmosphere? For the numerical simulation of such an entry, the sequential iterative nonequilibrium algorithm program previously developed at the Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme is used. A five-species model (, , CO, O, and C) is implemented in the code. The Euler–Lagrangian approach is used for the modeling and simulation of the solid dust particles in the hypersonic entry flow. An adequate model for the drag force computation is implemented. The heat transfer model of the particles consists of convective heating and radiation cooling. With these models, heat fluxes onto the heat shield of the Mars sample return orbiter spacecraft due to impingement of particles are computed and compared with the convective heat fluxes from the continuum flowfield for the exemplary conditions of test case 3. From these simulations, it is found that the ratio of heat flux due to impingement of the particles compared to convective heat flux of the flowfield gas is very low. However, particles with larger radii may generate significant heat fluxes and erosion on the wall of the particle.

Encountering aged care: a mixed methods investigation of medical students' clinical placement experiences.

BackgroundResidential aged care is an increasingly important health setting due to population ageing and the increase in age-related conditions, such as dementia. However, medical education has limited engagement with this fast-growing sector and undergraduate training remains primarily focussed on acute presentations in hospital settings. Additionally, concerns have been raised about the adequacy of dementia-related content in undergraduate medical curricula, while research has found mixed attitudes among students towards the care of older people. This study explores how medical students engage with the learning experiences accessible in clinical placements in residential aged care facilities (RACFs), particularly exposure to multiple comorbidity, cognitive impairment, and palliative care.MethodsFifth-year medical students (N = 61) completed five-day clinical placements at two Australian aged care facilities in 2013 and 2014. The placements were supported by an iterative yet structured program and academic teaching staff to ensure appropriate educational experiences and oversight. Mixed methods data were collected before and after the clinical placement. Quantitative data included surveys of dementia knowledge and questions about attitudes to the aged care sector and working with older adults. Qualitative data were collected from focus group discussions concerning medical student expectations, learning opportunities, and challenges to engagement.ResultsPre-placement surveys identified good dementia knowledge, but poor attitudes towards aged care and older adults. Negative placement experiences were associated with a struggle to discern case complexity and a perception of an aged care placement as an opportunity cost associated with reduced hospital training time. Irrespective of negative sentiment, post-placement survey data showed significant improvements in attitudes to working with older people and dementia knowledge. Positive student experiences were explained by in-depth engagement with clinically challenging cases and opportunities to practice independent clinical decision making and contribute to resident care.ConclusionsAged care placements can improve medical student attitudes to working with older people and dementia knowledge. Clinical placements in RACFs challenge students to become more resourceful and independent in their clinical assessment and decision-making with vulnerable older adults. This suggests that aged care facilities offer considerable opportunity to enhance undergraduate medical education. However, more work is required to engender cultural change across medical curricula to embed issues around ageing, multiple comorbidity, and dementia.

Solution for Accurate Calculations in Complicated Coordination Equilibrium System with Excel Iteration Program

Solution for Accurate Calculations in Complicated Coordination Equilibrium System with Excel Iteration Program

Mechanical Analysis of Flexible Pipe during Installation

Mechanical analysis of flexible pipe during installation is presented in this paper. The configuration, tension and bending moment of the flexible are important issues during the installation. A reasonable theoretical model is proposed to handle the pipe configuration and the loads during installation. Numerical iteration program for the model is developed to get the tension, bending moment distribution and the pipe configuration. Two segments which are suspended segment and seabed segment are analyzed with different calculation model for their different load conditions and boundary conditions. Finite element model is established by Abaqus to verify the results from the theoretical model. The results from theoretical are very close to the ones got from FEM. Typical installation method J-lay method is applied to perform the FEM and numerical analysis.

Complex Material Properties of Porous Piezoelectric Ceramics

Numerous techniques using complex material constants have been proposed to take into account losses in low-Q piezoelectrics and to overcome limitations in the IEEE Standard. Iterative methods provide a means to accurately determine the complex coefficients in poled piezoceramics from complex impedance resonance measurements. In this paper the piezoelectric resonance analysis iterative method and program (PRAP) have been used for a set of standard geometries and resonance modes needed to complete complex characterization of lossy piezoceramics. The complex sets of elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients as well as the 6mm reduced matrix for PZT-type porous piezoceramics were presented.

Exploring company ability to meet supply chain security validation criteria

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to measure the difficulties of items required to achieve Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) validation and investigated companies’ abilities to obtain AEO certification based on an empirical analysis of 201 supply chain-related companies in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach – The Rasch model was applied to convert the ordinal raw data collected from questionnaire surveys into values on an interval scale to measure companies’ abilities and item difficulties for AEO validation. The model was estimated using WINSTEP, which is an iterative computer program. Findings – The study results show that self-risk assessment and the formulation of security policies are the most difficult items to accomplish for AEO validation, whereas establishing security facilities is the easiest task to accomplish. Additionally, a company’s ability to obtain AEO validation was found to be positively correlated with a company’s turnover volume and its number of staff. Rese...

Symproportionation versus Disproportionation in Bromine Redox Systems

The paper refers to dynamic (titration) redox systems where symproportionation or disproportionation of bromine species occur. The related systems are modeled according to principles assumed in the Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Redox Systems (GATES), with Generalized Electron Balance (GEB) concept involved in the GATES/GEB software. The results obtained from calculations made with use of iterative computer programs prepared according to MATLAB computational software, are presented graphically, as 2D and 3D graphs.

Patient safety in home hemodialysis: quality assurance and serious adverse events in the home setting.

Interest in home hemodialysis (HD) is high because of the reported benefits and its excellent safety record. However, the potential for serious adverse events (AEs) exists when patients perform HD in their homes without supervision. We review the epidemiology of dialysis-related emergencies during home HD, and present a conceptual and practical framework for the prevention and management of serious AEs for those patients performing home HD. In addition, we describe a formal monitored and iterative quality assurance program, and make suggestions for the future development of safety strategies to mitigate the risk of AEs in home HD.

X-ray crystal structures of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with switch region binding inhibitors enable rational design of squaramides with an improved fraction unbound to human plasma protein.

Squaramides constitute a novel class of RNA polymerase inhibitors of which genetic evidence and computational modeling previously have suggested an inhibitory mechanism mediated by binding to the RNA polymerase switch region. An iterative chemistry program increased the fraction unbound to human plasma protein from below minimum detection levels, i.e., <1% to 4-6%, while retaining biochemical potency. Since in vitro antimicrobial activity against an efflux-negative strain of Haemophilus influenzae was 4- to 8-fold higher, the combined improvement was at least 20- to 60-fold. Cocrystal structures of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with two key squaramides showed displacement of the switch 2, predicted to interfere with the conformational change of the clamp domain and/or with binding of template DNA, a mechanism akin to that of natural product myxopyronin. Furthermore, the structures confirmed the chemical features required for biochemical potency. The terminal isoxazole and benzyl rings bind into distinct relatively narrow, hydrophobic pockets, and both are required for biochemical potency. In contrast, the linker composed of squarate and piperidine accesses different conformations in their respective cocrystal structures with RNA polymerase, reflecting its main role of proper orientation of the aforementioned terminal rings. These observations further explain the tolerance of hydrophilic substitutions in the linker region that was exploited to improve the fraction unbound to human plasma protein while retaining biochemical potency.