Item Content Validity Research Articles

Translation, cultural adaptation and linguistic validation of the postgraduate hospital educational environment measure into Arabic

BackgroundAssessment of the clinical learning environment (CLE) is an essential step that teaching hospitals routinely undertake to ensure the environment is conducive, learning-oriented and supportive of junior doctors’ education. The Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) is an internationally recognized tool for assessing the CLE with evidence of high reliability and validity. Translation of PHEEM into other languages such as Spanish, Japanese and Persian enabled wider adoption of the instrument in the world. However, in Syria and other Arabic countries, a validated Arabic translation of PHEEM is still not available, making it difficult to adopt it and use it in Arabic contexts. This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the PHEEM from English into Arabic.MethodsThis study followed the structured translation and validation process guideline proposed by Sousa & Rojjanasrirat 2010. First, the PHEEM went through forward translation by three translators, then reconciled with the aid of a fourth translator. Afterwards, two professional bicultural and bilingual translators conducted back translation into English and compared it with the original version. This formed the Pre-final Version (PFV) which was then pretested for clarity on a sample of medical residents in Damascus, Syria. Following appropriate modifications, the PFV was sent to a panel of experts for a comprehensive review of language clarity and to assess content validity.ResultsA total of thirty-five medical residents were recruited. Ten items with language clarity issues were identified and modified according to the elicited suggestions. Thereafter, the modified PFV was presented to ten subject experts who identified three items in need of revision. The item-content Validity Index (CVI) was over 0.78 for all of the 40 items; the calculated scale-CVI was 0.945.DiscussionThis study provided the first linguistically valid Arabic translation of the widely used PHEEM inventory. The next step is to conduct a full psychometric analysis of the Arabic PHEEM to provide further evidence of validity and reliability.

Preimplementation of Critical Care Early Mobility Clinical Decision Support: A Content Validation Study.

Early mobility is a form of critical care rehabilitation ranging from in-bed exercise to ambulation and is known to limit post-intensive-care functional decline. Multiple barriers prevent widespread early mobility implementation. Clinical decision support systems can optimize the decision-making process and overcome barriers to care. However, critical care early mobility clinical decision support does not exist. Our objective was to develop and establish the content validation of the operational definitions for a novel critical care early mobility assessment instrument. Content validation was conducted in two steps: (1) development of operational definitions by the research team and (2) content validation with 10 nurse experts. Quality assessment and suitability of the operational definitions for 30 items, across four safety domains, were assessed using a 7 point-Likert scale. Item content validity index scores ranged from 0.6 to 0.1 after the first validation round. Domains containing items with item content validity index scores less than the lower limit of 0.78 were modified for clarity of language. Item content validity index scores ranged from 0.8 to 1.0, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.93 after the second content validation round. Excellent content validity of the operational definitions was achieved. This is the first methodological step in a larger project to develop clinical decision support for critical care early mobility.

Reliability and validity of the Italian Version of the Chase Nurse Manager Competencies Scale

ObjectivesThis study aimed to translate and test the psychometric properties of the Chase Nurse Manager Competency Instrument (CNMCI) among Italian nurse managers and to provide further support for the scale’s validity testing. MethodsAn instrument translation and cross-sectional validation study was conducted. The English version was translated into Italian using the translation method, which included pre-translation (establishing equivalence), initial translation, pretesting, review, and administration. From August 2022 to June 2023, 349 nurse managers were recruited through a web survey from 31 public and private healthcare organizations in North, Central, and Southern Italy. Validity assessments included content and structural validity. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s α coefficient and test-retest reliability. ResultsThe content validity confirmed all the items of the CNMCI in the Italian version, including the two measurement sections, “knowledge and understand” and “ability to implement and/or use.” The instrument’s item-content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, while the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) for both instrument sections was 0.97. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable fit. In the “knowledge and understand” section, Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.978, and in the “ability to implement and/or use” section, Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.976. The correlation coefficient between each dimension was 0.494–0.908. The test-retest reliability score was 0.82, suggesting good instrument consistency. ConclusionsOverall, the Italian CNMCI demonstrates good reliability and validity for measuring nurse managers’ core competencies and supports the construct’s multi-dimensionality. Also, our findings support the hierarchical nature of the factors, further supporting the validity of the instrument.

Brand pride: concept and measurement

PurposeThis paper aims to conceptualize and define a construct of brand pride and develop a measurement instrument for the construct.Design/methodology/approachA scale development procedure comprising a qualitative prestudy and four quantitative studies for item generation and content validity, scale refinement using exploratory factor analyses, scale confirmation using confirmatory factor analysis and scale validity using PLS-SEM is followed to develop the measure of brand pride.FindingsThe scale development procedure yields a two-dimensional measurement instrument for brand pride with affective and utilitarian dimensions. The proposed scale is reliable and has convergent, discriminant and nomological validity.Originality/valueThis study highlights the need to study brand pride by reviewing literature from both psychology and marketing. The definition and conceptualization of brand pride help uniquely identify and describe the phenomenon. By developing a scale to measure the construct of brand pride, this study will enable research into the phenomenon, its causes and effects and its significance for consumer–brand relationships.

Development, validation and reliability testing of the hospice care environment scale

BackgroundWHO stated the environment is an important factor affecting the development of hospice care. The environment is the sum of factors affecting behavior besides the individual factors. Currently, a scale to comprehensively assess the hospice environment of nurse is still lacking. This study aimed to develop an instrument to investigate the environmental factors affecting hospice care of nurses.MethodsLiterature review and a semi-structured interview were conducted to form the items pool of the Hospice Care Environment Scale. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted by 16 experts to revise the scale dimensions and entries to form the Hospice Care Environment Scale. A psychometric evaluation was then performed among 530 oncology nurses in a large tertiary oncology hospital in Hubei Province. The 500 valid questionnaires were randomly divided into two groups in a 1:1 ratio, sample 1 (n1 = 250) for item screening and sample 2 (n2 = 250) for quality evaluation of the resulting scale. Item analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis and acceptability analysis were performed.ResultThe Hospice Care Environment Scale consists of two dimensions and 13 entries. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Hospice Care Environment Scale was 0.970, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the two dimensions were 0.952 and 0.969, respectively, with the Item-content validity index and average Scale- content validity index of the scale was both 1.000. The validation factor analysis showed the standardized path coefficients of each item were basically above 0.5, and the factor structure model was stable and suitable. The average completion time of the scale was about 3 min, which had good feasibility.ConclusionThe Hospice Care Environment Scale to assess the environment of hospice care services, has good content and construct validity and reliability. This scale can provide guidance to evaluate the hospice care environment.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of Spiritual Self-Care Practice Scale in Iranian Patients with Cancer.

Spiritual self-care is defined as a set of patient-centered or family-centered spiritual activities aimed at promoting health and well-being. In chronic diseases such as cancer, the responsibility for care typically falls on the patient or their family, necessitating an accurate assessment of the patient's self-care practices to achieve this goal. The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and examine the psychometrics of the Persian version of the spiritual self-care practice scale (SSCPS) in cancer patients. This scale is designed to be administered directly to patients to assess their spiritual self-care practices. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the oncology ward in Afzalipoor Hospital, Javad Al-Aemeh Clinic, and Physicians Clinics affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Kerman, southeast Iran. The study included qualitative and quantitative assessments of face validity, content validity, item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (construct validity), and reliability. Data collection took place between March 20, 2023, and December 30, 2023. The scale's content validity index was calculated to be 0.948, with mostly minor revision comments for most items. The item-content validity indices ranged from 0.7 to 1. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor solution with 23 items, explaining 61.251% of the total variance. The identified factors were labeled as 'personal and interpersonal spiritual practices,' 'shaping and strengthening relationship practices,' 'religious practices,' 'physical spiritual practices,' and 'reshaping relationship practices.' Most of the confirmatory factor analysis indices were satisfactory (χ2/df = 1.665, CFI = 0.934, IFI = 0.935, RMSEA = 0.058). The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale was 0.89, while it ranged from 0.596 to 0.882 for the subscales. The Persian version of SSCPS with 23 items demonstrates reliability and effectiveness in assessing the spiritual practice performance of Iranian cancer patients. Compared to the original version, the Persian adaptation of SSCPS is concise, making it a suitable instrument for future research and practice on spiritual self-care among Iranian cancer patients.

Development of Measurement Instruments for Teachers’ Lifelong Learning Mindset, Learning Habits and Self-Directed Learning

Lifelong learning is a crucial process that contributes to the continuous professional advancement opportunities for teachers. To promote teachers as lifelong learners, it is essential to leverage comprehensive insights into key mobilizing factors for lifelong learning, including a Lifelong Learning Mindset, Learning Habits, and Self-Directed Learning. This research aims to 1) develop measurement instruments for teachers’ Lifelong Learning Mindset, Learning Habits, and Self-Directed Learning, and to 2) examine the quality of the measurement instruments, including the establishment of norms for all three variables. The research sample consisted of 943 elementary school teachers, selected using stratified random sampling. The measurement instrument consisted of a questionnaire containing 35 items each utilizing a 5-point rating scale. The research findings show that item content validity ratio (CVR) values for each of the instrument subscales ranged between .71 and 1.00, while the content validity index (S-CVI) value for the entire scale was .97. The internal consistency reliability values for the individual variable subscales ranged from .925 to .963, while the construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as measured by the Mplus program showed that the measurement model fit the empirical data at the .05 significance level. This study also established percentile norms for the developed instruments.

The Development and Content Validation of Brief ICF Category Sets for 6 - 12-Year-Old Children with Cerebral Palsy, from the Perspective of Iranian Occupational Therapists

Background: There is uncertainty in identifying which aspects of functioning should be prioritized in the clinical brief assessment of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Brief ICF category sets specify the essential aspects of functioning that should be addressed in such assessments. Objectives: This study aimed to develop five brief ICF category sets based on the functional limitations of children with CP, as viewed by Iranian occupational therapists (OTs). Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-method study was conducted from January to May 2022 in Iran. Nineteen OTs were recruited through purposive sampling for a Delphi process, and ten OTs through snowball sampling for an expert panel, all experienced in CP and ICF. The Delphi involved two rounds of electronic surveys, where participants identified categories that should be minimally addressed in brief assessments of children aged 6 - 12 with CP based on their functional limitations. The content validity of these sets was then quantitatively evaluated by the expert panel. Results: Most confirmed categories in the gross and fine motor brief sets pertained to body structure and function, while those in the eating-and-drinking and communication-function brief sets related to cognition and motor reflexes. Categories in the visual function brief set mostly pertained to activity, participation, and environmental factors. Content validity ratio (CVR) and item-content validity indexes (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1 across all categories/brief sets, with scale-content validity index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) ranging from 0.95 to 0.98. Conclusions: These functional-based ICF brief sets are the first developed for children with CP in this age group and provide occupational therapists with tools to address crucial aspects of functioning, tailored to specific functional limitations. However, cultural biases and the generalizability of these brief sets remain limitations.

Can smart supply chain bring agility and resilience for enhanced sustainable business performance?

PurposeSupply chains need to be made viable in this volatile and competitive market, which could be possible through digitalization. This study is an attempt to explore the role of Industry 4.0, smart supply chain, supply chain agility and supply chain resilience on sustainable business performance from the lens of natural resource-based view.Design/methodology/approachThe study tests the proposed model using a covariance-based structural equation modelling and further investigates the ranking of each construct using the artificial neural networks approach in AMOS and SPSS respectively. A total of 234 respondents selected using purposive sampling aided in capturing the industry practices across supply chains in the UK. The full collinearity test was carried out to study the common method bias and the content validity was carried out using the item content validity index and scale content validity index. The convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs and mediation study was carried out in SPSS and AMOS V.23.FindingsThe results are overtly inferring the significant impact of Industry 4.0 practices on creating smart and ultimately sustainable supply chains. A partial relationship is established between Industry 4.0 and supply chain agility through a smart supply chain. This work empirically reinstates the combined significance of green practices, Industry 4.0, smart supply chain, supply chain agility and supply chain resilience on sustainable business value. The study also uses the ANN approach to determine the relative importance of each significant variable found in SEM analysis. ANN determines the ranking among the significant variables, i.e. supply chain resilience > green practices > Industry 4.0> smart supply chain > supply chain agility presented in descending order.Originality/valueThis study is a novel attempt to establish the role of digitalization in SCs for attaining sustainable business value, providing empirical support to the mediating role of supply chain agility, supply chain resilience and smart supply chain and manifests a significant integrated framework. This work reinforces the integrated model that combines all the constructs dealt with in silos so far in prior literature.

Expanding the ABCC-tool for osteoarthritis: Development and content validation

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) care should be more person-centered based on physical, emotional and social aspects, instead of the current stepped-care approach solely based on physical symptoms, according to OA patients. By developing a novel module for OA in the Assessment of Burden of Chronic Condition (ABCC)-tool, a tool based on these three aspects, experienced quality of OA care and shared-decision making are expected to improve. DesignThe development of the novel OA module involved a triangular iterative process, interviewing OA patients and healthcare professionals in the field of OA, an expert panel and a literature search to identify the needs to improve OA care. Patients provided feedback on the first version of the OA module, leading to a second version. This second version was used to evaluate content validity. OA patients and healthcare professionals in the field of OA were asked to evaluate relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility, based on the COSMIN methodology. For healthcare professionals, the item-content validity index (I-CVI) was calculated. ResultsThe module includes questions about pain, kinesiophobia and joint stiffness. For all three questions, 94% of the patients found these questions important for patients with OA. The I-CVI scores of the healthcare professionals ranged from 1.0 (pain, kinesiophobia) to 0.75 (joint stiffness). ConclusionA novel, condition-specific OA module is developed for the ABCC-tool, as a supplement to the generic questions. The module includes three questions, to measure OA specific complaints. This novel module is intended to make the ABCC-tool more elaborate and useable for a larger population.

The Canadian Birth Place Study: Development, Validation and Administration of a Questionnaire for Multi-disciplinary Maternity Care Providers

The debate between professional groups in Canada about the advisability of planned home birth continues. The Canadian Birth Place Study examines Canadian registered midwives', family physicians', and obstetricians' experiences with and attitudes towards planned home birth, as well as factors associated with in those attitudes. Evidence based strategies were applied to the development, validity testing, and implementation of a cross-sectional questionnaire to a multi-disciplinary sample of maternity care providers.The survey questions and attitude scale items were adapted from a previously validated questionnaire and reviewed by two discipline-specific expert panels. Experts provided qualitative comments and rated each socio-demographic and attitude item on three 4-point Likert-type scales to evaluate importance, clarity, and relevance. Aggregated scores (content validity indices) demonstrated strong content validity of items. The questionnaire construction and administration plan incorporated best practices for increasing response rates among healthcare providers, as well as participation from multiple perspectives on a controversial topic across study populations.

Developing a Toolkit to Measure the Impact of Programme Assessment Result on Improving the Teaching Quality

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable toolkit to measure the impact of external assessment results and improve teaching activities in engineering majors at Vietnamese universities. The study comprised two stages: development and testing of the questionaire. In addition to desk research, expert interviews were conducted with six education quality assurance specialists to assess the content and construct validity of a several items intended to gauge the impact of external assessment results on improving teaching activities in the questionaire. Simultaneously, SPSS 26.0 software was employed to ensure the validity and reliability of the scale following the testing phase involving sample 439 lecturers teaching engineering majors. The research findings indicated that Cronbach's alpha coefficients were above 0.7, and 38 out of 40 questions exhibited a total variable correlation of over 0.03, thereby ensuring the reliability of the scale. Furthermore, the development of this scale is poised to furnish valuable data for improving teaching activities at the higher education institutions.

Development and Validation of Hospital Mental Health Screen to Detect Psychiatric Morbidity in Medically Ill Patients in India

Background: Psychiatric morbidities often go unnoticed in medically ill patients. It is essential to screen patients with medical morbidity so that they can be referred to psychiatrists for early interventions in general hospitals in India. There is a potential lacuna in terms of the availability of a scale that can aptly identify psychiatric symptoms in medically ill patients beyond depression or anxiety, especially in low-resource settings like India. Aim: The aim was to detect psychiatric morbidity in medically ill patients in India. Methodology: Items were generated using deductive and inductive approaches. Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Content Validity Index/Universal Agreement (S-CVI/UA) were computed by involving eight subject matter specialists. The tool was circulated to 397 medically ill patients for computing The exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Domain-wise reliability using Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for six factors. The concurrent criterion validity of the Hospital Mental Health Screen (HMHS) tool was calculated by the receiver operating curve (ROC) against the gold standard of any psychiatric morbidity diagnosed by two psychiatrists in 397 medically ill patients. We used IBM SPSS version 23. Results: Initially, 34 items were generated. At the I-CVI threshold of 79%, seven items were discarded. The S-CVI/UA of the scale was 85.1%. The Kaiser–Meier–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO MSA) was found to be 0.916. At a factor loading threshold of 0.4 and an eigenvalue above 1, a six-factor structure was extracted using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Domain-wise reliability was computed, which was between 0.657 and 0.840. The final tool consisted of 27 Likert items (0 = never to 4 = always). Using the ROC curve at the 19.5 threshold, 91.4% of the positive outcomes were correctly classified and 9.5% of the adverse outcomes were expected to be incorrectly identified by the HMHS screening tool. Conclusion: HMHS is a valid and reliable tool with good screening properties, designed especially for the Indian setting. This scale can assist in identifying psychiatric morbidity in medically ill patients in low-resource settings. There is further scope for performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to reinforce the factor structure of HMHS.

Understanding psychological outcomes following exposure to potentially morally injurious events in animal care: development of the Moral Distress-Posttraumatic Growth Scale for Veterinary Professionals

ABSTRACT Aims To generate a taxonomy of potentially morally injurious events (PMIE) encountered in veterinary care and develop an instrument to measure moral distress and posttraumatic growth following exposure to PMIE in the veterinary population. Methods Development and preliminary evaluation of the Moral Distress-Posttraumatic Growth Scale for Veterinary Professionals (MD-PTG-VP) employed data from veterinary professionals (veterinarians, veterinary nurses, veterinary technicians) from Australia and New Zealand across three phases: (1) item generation, (2) content validation, and (3) construct validation. In Phase 1 respondents (n = 46) were asked whether they had experienced any of six PMIE and to identify any PMIE not listed that they had experienced. In Phase 2 a different group of respondents (n = 11) assessed a list of 10 PMIE for relevance, clarity and appropriateness. In Phase 3 the final instrument was tested with a third group of respondents (n = 104) who also completed the Short Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT), a measure of posttraumatic stress, and the Stress-Related Growth Scale–Short Form (SRGS-SF) a measure of perceived posttraumatic growth. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated between respondent scores on each of the MD-PTG-VP subscales, the SPRINT, and the SRGS-SF to assess construct validity. Results A 10-item taxonomy of PMIE encountered in veterinary care was generated in Phase 1. Items were deemed relevant, clear and appropriate by veterinary professionals in Phase 2. These were included in the developed instrument which measures frequency and impact of exposure to 10 PMIE, yielding three subscale scores (exposure frequency, moral distress, and posttraumatic growth). Assessment of construct validity by measuring correlation with SPRINT and SRGS-SF indicated satisfactory validity. Conclusions The MD-PTG-VP provides an informative tool that can be employed to examine professionals’ mental health and wellbeing following exposure to PMIE frequently encountered in animal care. Further evaluation is required to ascertain population norms and confirm score cut-offs that reflect clinical presentation. Clinical relevance Once fully validated this instrument may be useful to quantify the frequency and intensity of positive and negative aspects of PMIE exposure on veterinary professionals so that accurate population comparisons can be made and changes measured over time.

Development and validation of the hospice professional coping scale among Chinese nurses

BackgroundHospice care professionals often experience trauma patient deaths and multiple patient deaths in a short period of time (more so than other nurses). This repeated exposure to the death process and the death of patients leads to greater psychological pressure on hospice care professionals. But at present, people pay more attention to the feelings and care burden of the family members of dying patients but pay less attention to medical staff. Thus, this study aimed to develop a scale on the burden of care for hospice care providers and assess the coping capacity of hospice professionals. Raising awareness of the psychological burden of hospice professionals.MethodsThrough a literature review, research group discussion, Delphi method and a pre-survey of professional coping skills among nurses, 200 hospice professionals who had received training in hospice care from pilot institutions engaged in or providing hospice care were selected for investigation. Cronbach’s α coefficient and split-half reliability were used to test the internal consistency of the scale, and content validity and explore factor analysis (EFA) were used to test the construct validity of the scale.ResultsTwo rounds of Delphi methods were carried out, and the effective recovery rate was 100%. The expert authority coefficients of the two rounds were 0.838 and 0.833, respectively. The Kendall’s W coefficient of experts in the first round was 0.121 ~ 0.200 (P < 0.05), and the Kendall’s W coefficient of the second round was 0.115–0.136 (P < 0.05), indicating a good level of expert coordination. The final survey scale for the care burden of hospice professionals included four dimensions—working environment (9 items), professional roles (8 items), clinical nursing (9 items) and psychological burden (7 items)—with a total of 33 items. The total Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.963, and the Cronbach’s α coefficients of the working environment, professional roles, clinical nursing and psychological burden dimensions were 0.920, 0.889, 0.936 and 0.910, respectively. The total split-half reliability of the scale was 0.927, and the split-half reliability of each dimension was 0.846, 0.817, 0.891, and 0.832. The content validity of the scale items ranged from 0.90 to 1.00. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 common factors, with a total cumulative contribution rate of 68.878%. The common degree of each item in the scale was > 0.4, and the factor loading of each item was also > 0.4.ConclusionThe scale is an open-access, short, easy-to-administer scale. And which for assessing hospice care burden among hospice professionals developed in this study demonstrated strong reliability and validity. This tool can serve as a dependable instrument for evaluating the burden of hospice care for terminally ill patients by professionals in the hospice setting.

A Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Czech Version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire: The Content Validity Part.

The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) is a widely used parent questionnaire for screening motor coordination disorders in children aged 5-15 years. Despite increasing motor difficulties in children, a validated version is lacking in Central Europe. In addition, previous studies pointed out that several DCDQ items were shown to be problematic in different cultural environments. We found that the majority of these studies did not assess the item's content validity approach for keeping the semantic form and linguistic intelligibility of the original items. Therefore, this study aimed to translate the DCDQ, determine the content validity of items, and adapt the DCDQ for Czech children aged 6-10 years, where the identification of motor difficulties is crucial. Back-translation was employed, and face validity was consulted with linguistic experts and occupational therapists. A sample of 25 bilingual parents and practitioners evaluated the translated version, with content validity assessed using the Content Validity Ratio coefficient (CVR). Initial CVR scores ranged from 0.6 to 1.0. Lower scores were found for items 14 and 15, which were shown to be problematic in previous studies. The reason for the lower content validity in these items was due to double negation. Following linguistic modifications, the CVR values improved (range: 0.87-1.0), indicating content and semantic stability. Our findings underscore the importance of considering content validity and language specificity, including issues like double negation, during cross-cultural questionnaire validation to mitigate potential psychometric concerns in the future. The adapted Czech version exhibits significant content validity, thereby warranting further validation of its psychometric properties.

Acceptability and content validity of suicidality screening items: a qualitative study with perinatal women.

Suicide is a leading cause of death for perinatal women. It is estimated that up to 50% of women with mental health issues during pregnancy and/or after birth are not identified, despite regular contact with healthcare services. Screening items are one way in which perinatal women needing support could be identified. However, research examining the content validity and acceptability of suicide-related screening items with perinatal women is limited. This study sought to: (i) assess the acceptability and content validity of 16 suicide-related items that have been administered and/or validated in perinatal populations; and (ii) explore the potential barriers and facilitators that may affect how women respond to these items when administered during pregnancy and after birth. Twenty-one cognitive and semi-structured interviews were conducted with pregnant and postnatal women in the UK. The sample included women who had experienced self-reported mental health problems and/or suicidality during the perinatal period, and those who had not. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a coding framework based on the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability was applied to explore the data using deductive and inductive approaches. Findings indicated that the acceptability and content validity of suicide-related items were largely unacceptable to perinatal women in their current form. Women found terms such as 'better off dead' or 'killing myself' uncomfortable. Most women preferred the phrase 'ending your life' as this felt less confronting. Comprehensibility was also problematic. Many women did not interpret 'harming myself' to include suicidality, nor did they feel that abstract language such as 'leave this world' was direct enough in relation to suicide. Stigma, fear, and shame was central to non-disclosure. Response options and recall periods further affected the content validity of items, which created additional barriers for identifying those needing support. Existing suicide-related screening items may not be acceptable to perinatal women. Maternity practitioners and researchers should consider the phrasing, clarity, context, and framing of screening items when discussing suicidality with perinatal women to ensure potential barriers are not being reinforced. The development of specific suicidality screening measures that are acceptable, appropriate, and relevant to perinatal women are warranted.

Analysis of the influencing factors of the scientific fitness literacy of nurses in the context of exercise and medicine integration

ObjectiveThe present study aims to explore the influencing factors of the scientific fitness literacy of nurses and provide a strategic basis for literacy improvement.MethodsA questionnaire on the influencing factors of scientific fitness literacy of nurses was designed by the group conducting the present study; the questionnaire was based on the socioecology model and the questionnaire preparation method. The general data questionnaire and the questionnaire on the influencing factors of scientific fitness literacy of nurses were adopted to investigate nurses in tertiary hospitals in order to analyze and discuss the influencing factors of their scientific fitness literacy.Results(1) The questionnaire on the influencing factors of the scientific fitness literacy of nurses comprised five dimensions and 36 items. The overall item-content validity index was 0.833–1.000, the scale-content validity index was 0.974, and the overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.955; (2) the results of the pairwise Pearson correlation analysis showed that all five dimensions were positively correlated with the scientific fitness literacy of nurses; and (3) the results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that five dimensions, as well as the existence of exercise habits in daily life, had a significant impact on the scientific fitness literacy of nurses (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe factors influencing the scientific fitness literacy of nurses involved all levels of the socioecological system. The methods of improving the awareness of the scientific fitness of nurses and providing opportunities for scientific fitness activities via the hospital played a critical role in literacy improvement. However, the lack of professional guidance and an atmosphere promoting scientific fitness might hinder literacy improvement.

Psychometric Property Examination of a Self-Assessment Fear Scale in Turkish Children Aged 4-12 Years: A Methodological Study.

Background: Given the lack of validated tools to assess fear in Turkish children, this research aims to address this gap by conducting a methodological study to examine the validity and reliability of the Fear Scale, thereby providing health care professionals and researchers with a reliable instrument to evaluate fear levels in this population. Methods: The research was conducted on 150 children aged 4-12 years and their parents who applied to the pediatric blood collection unit of Koç University Faculty of Medicine Hospital. In the study, the "Sociodemographic Characteristics Form," "Fear Scale," and "Child Fear Scale" were used for data collection. Results: A very high statistically significant positive relationship was obtained between the Fear Scale and the Child Fear Scale (r = .973; p < .001). The high correlation value between the two forms indicates that the child form is valid. The content validity index and item content validity index values of the scale were found to be 0.98. A very good level of statistically significant agreement was achieved between the Fear Scale and the Child Fear Scale (κ = .878; p < .001). Conclusion: It was found that the Turkish psychometric properties of the Fear Scale are valid and reliable for children aged 4-12 years. It is suggested that pediatric nurses use the scale in clinics to evaluate their fear about procedural operations.

Transitions of care: An aerodigestive provider assessment survey

ObjectiveTo create, validate, and apply an aerodigestive provider assessment survey. MethodsA survey assessing provider knowledge and current practice in the transition of patients with chronic aerodigestive disorders from pediatric to adult care was drafted by a multidisciplinary expert panel. Once agreement of the initial survey items was obtained, the survey was distributed to a national multidisciplinary panel of aerodigestive experts for review. Responses from the national panel were systematically quantified and a content validity index (CVI) was calculated. A final survey was developed and distributed to pediatric and adult aerodigestive providers. ResultsFrom the initial 22 items presented to the national panel, 20 of the initial questions were included in the final instrument. Two additional questions were developed as a result of feedback from the expert panel. All items included in the survey had an Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of >0.85. The average Scale CVI in proportion to the average proportion of relevance (S-CVI/Ave) for the tool was 0.88. The average Scale CVI in proportion to universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) was 0.52. The survey was then administered to pediatric and adult specialty providers at our institution. Twenty-two providers completed the final survey. ConclusionThe content validity index measurements from this newly developed survey suggest that it is a valid tool for assessing current knowledge and practice in care transitions among patients with complex aerodigestive needs. The survey developed in this project has been used to identify knowledge gaps and process issues that can be addressed to ease the transition of adolescents from pediatric specialty care into adult specialty care.