Italian Emigration Research Articles

Bound by Distance: Rethinking Nationalism through the Italian Diaspora

This book proposes a rereading of Italian emigration as the result of the major sociopolitical trends in Italy that came to be known as the Risorgimento. It also takes into consideration some contemporary alternative cultural movements in southern Italy today that could be said to fall into the category of postcolonial culture.

Body Inc.: A Theory of Translation Poetics by Pamela Banting

W O R K S C IT E D Chicago Cultural Studies Group. “Critical Multiculturalism.” Critical Inquiry 18 (Spring 1992): 530-55. Gunew, Sneja. “Multicultural Multiplicities: Canada, U.S.A., and Australia.” Social Pluralism and Literary History: The Literature of Italian Emigration. Ed. Francesco Loriggio. Toronto: Guernica, 1996. 29-47. Loriggio, Francesco. “The Question of the Corpus: Ethnicity and Canadian Literature.” Future Indicative: Literary Theory and Canadian Literature. Ed. John Moss. Ottawa: U of Ottawa P, 1987. 53-69. Padolsky, Enoch. “Cultural Diversity and Canadian Literature: A Pluralistic Approach to Majority and Minority Writing in Canada.” International Journal of Canadian Studies 3 (1991). Rpt. in New Contexts of Canadian Criticism. Ed. Ajay Heble, Donna Palmateer Pennee, and J.R. (Tim) Struthers. Peterborough: Broadview, 1997. 24-42. d o n n a p a l m a t e e r p e n n e e / University of Guelph Pamela Banting, Body Inc.: A Theory of Translation Poetics (Winnipeg: Turnstone Press, 1995). xx, 250. $16.95 paper. By her own admission, Pamela Banting speaks only English. In her ac­ knowledgements, she (ironically?) thanks her professor “in Spanish 100” a decade ago for having “impelled this project in translation” (xviii). It is a project in “improper” translation, translation effects within a single “na­ tional” language. “The Promise of Translation,” title of the final chapter of her Body Inc.: A Theory of Translation Poetics, holds out the hope of a model of translation as seduction, translation as promissory, which doubles the covenant of a people among themselves even as it delays or defers such shared meaning by foregrounding the differences between languages. Follow­ ing the logic of translation she presents, Banting’s book offers no revelation, but revivifies the promise, suggestively braiding three strands of argument concerning the poetics of ordering the long poem, Canadian literature theo­ rizing, and translation as somatized practice. These are concisely linked in the final sentence of the book: “Translating, the long poem composes the body Canadian” (231). Translating Derrida into Canadian terms and in the process rewriting Robert Kroetsch to stretch further his punning “For Play and Entrance: The Contemporary Canadian Long Poem,” this book enacts the poetics of deferral it proposes by preferring such (in)conclusions. Some of the strands are subject to more delay than others. A more salient formu­ lation of their interweaving is offered in the second last sentence: “The long poem is an ‘owner’s manual’ for the body.” The amassing of rich detail con­ cerning the theoretical positions on language and translation of Fred Wah, 224 Daphne Marlatt, and Kroetsch supports interesting and insightful readings of a number of their poems in an argument for an embodied poetics where text and body overlap, enwrap, interrogate each as signifier for the other. Translation, however, as becomes an art of approach, is a promise not fully respected (kept). Banting adopts Roman Jakobson’s distinction between three different types of translation to organize the sections of her book, one devoted to each of the poets whose texts are examined in three or four chapters. Fred Wah’s work with the pictograms of B.C. First Nations people and with the paratactical syntax of Chinese, his father’s tongue, is classified as “interlin­ gual” translation. Robert Kroetsch’s concern to rewrite classical epics in prairie vernacular, his focus on alphabets, archeology, and a decoding that will recover lost connections by rooting the borrowed word in an experience that questions its “proper” usage, is identified as “intralingual” translation or rewording in the same (national) language. Marlatt’s project of shifting the body from under the weight of the patriarchal dictionary that involves etymological investigations in order to re-member lost sensory memories of the body, an approach to language that sees it as part of a continuous rela­ tion to the phenomenological world where it is simultaneously mothertongue and (m)othertongue, is categorized as “intersemiotic” translation or rework­ ing of one sign system into another. Ethnicity, region, and gender as these inform language practices are the operative frames for Banting’s analysis of contemporary Canadian poetics. In each section, however, she blurs Jakobson’s distinctions to demonstrate that all three types of translation are practised...

The Scalabrini Fathers, the Italian Emigrant Church, and Ethnic Nationalism in America

Philip Gleason has observed that the Roman Catholic church in the United States has been an “institutional immigrant” for much of its history. The idea of an “institutional immigrant,” posed in the Singular and distinguished from “the immigrant peoples who comprised the Catholic population,” presupposes a basic if undefined unity to American Catholicism. The nature of that unity has always been a highly contested issue. Gleason's formulation also suggests that the experience of the Catholic church is illuminated by considering its history in light of the processes that have occupied students of immigration—Americanization, generational transition, assimilation, the invention of ethnicity, and the like. The nature of these processes has also given rise to debates as Americans grapple to understand their cultural identity. In short, Gleason's idea lends itself to debate about the normative significance of American Catholicism, American culture, and their relationship to one another. In the interest of enriching this debate, I would suggest that the Roman Catholic church in the United States has also been an institutional emigrant.

The Scalabrini Fathers, the Italian Emigrant Church, and Ethnic Nationalism in America

Philip Gleason has observed that the Roman Catholic church in the United States has been an “institutional immigrant” for much of its history. The idea of an “institutional immigrant,” posed in the Singular and distinguished from “the immigrant peoples who comprised the Catholic population,” presupposes a basic if undefined unity to American Catholicism. The nature of that unity has always been a highly contested issue. Gleason's formulation also suggests that the experience of the Catholic church is illuminated by considering its history in light of the processes that have occupied students of immigration—Americanization, generational transition, assimilation, the invention of ethnicity, and the like. The nature of these processes has also given rise to debates as Americans grapple to understand their cultural identity. In short, Gleason's idea lends itself to debate about the normative significance of American Catholicism, American culture, and their relationship to one another. In the interest of enriching this debate, I would suggest that the Roman Catholic church in the United States has also been an institutional emigrant.

Bibliography

Bibliography

L'émigration italienne : historiographie, anthropologie et recherche comparatiste

Italian Emigration: Historiography, Anthropology and Comparative Research Paola CORTI This brief paper identifies the most important moments and the most significant studies of Italian historiography on emigration. These range from the first formulation of economic and national models of the Italian exodus to their subsequent fragmentation into a mosaic of regional and local historical and anthropological studies. Ultimately, this will allow a much needed conceptual synthesis, aiming at new comparative research objectives, and a less specialized and sectorial analysis of emigration. Such an approach would also help us to tackle the migrational phenomena in contemporary society with a greater historical awareness and with more adequate cultural comprehension.

Ducini, Prominenti, Antifascisti: Italian Fascism and the Italo-Argentine Collectivity, 1922-1945

One evening in April 1926 a party of Italian emigrants outward bound from Genoa aboard the steamerConte Verdecelebrated their impending new life in Argentina by singing the fascist anthem “Giovinezza.” They thereby angered a larger number of passengers and crew, who responded with a lusty rendition of the Socialist “Bandiera Rossa.” Tension grew, butConteVerde’s captain averted further unpleasantness by escorting the fascists to safety at the ship's bow; at the same time Second Captain Rivarola restored order among the antifascists. The Genoa police prefecture reported the incident to Benito Mussolini's cabinet, but as the quarrel had been transferred to Argentine soil there was little to be done–for the moment. The secret police would maintain surveillance of the troublemakers in Argentina and of their families in Italy.

10: Italian Emigration to Brazil*

10: Italian Emigration to Brazil*

Prologue: The Long Journey of Italian Emigration

Prologue: The Long Journey of Italian Emigration

Language and Identity of Emigrant Children—Some Implications for Prevention and Support in a Special Program for School Success

Quite a bit is demanded of young Italian emigrants in school as well as in leisure situations. First, they must be able to switch rapidly from one linguistic code to another, depending on the situation and the partner in communication. Second, a specific specialized terminology, embedded in relatively complex sentence plans and structures, is presumed, especially in the school. These demands of formal education are viewed as promotive of social and professional integration from the perspective of German education and upbringing, on the assumption that the children see their future life perspective in Germany. Leisure time is not always experienced by emigrant children as being very open, warm, and hospitable. It seems as if they have developed a special sensitivity: disturbed, latent resentment on the part of Germans against foreigners can very easily be interpreted by those affected as xenophobia in cases of conflict. This often also fits reality; i.e., the motives and actions of the Germans involved.

3. ITALIAN EMIGRATION POLICY

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 11, Issue 2 p. 110-113 Free Access 3. ITALIAN EMIGRATION POLICY First published: March 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1994.tb00721.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume11, Issue2Special Issue: John Baptist Scalabrini and Italia Migration: A Socio-Pastoral ProjectMarch 1994Pages 110-113 RelatedInformation

2. ITALIAN EMIGRATION STATISTICS

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 11, Issue 2 p. 106-109 Free Access 2. ITALIAN EMIGRATION STATISTICS First published: March 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1994.tb00720.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume11, Issue2Special Issue: John Baptist Scalabrini and Italia Migration: A Socio-Pastoral ProjectMarch 1994Pages 106-109 RelatedInformation

« Trigo y plate » (Grano e soldi) : l'emigrazione e l'agricoltura argentina (1870-1914)

« Trigo y plata » : Italian emigration and Argentinian agriculture, (1870-1914). Eugenia SCARZANELLA Between the years 1850 and 1914 Argentina was one of the most important countries for Italian emigration. Most of the new arrivals found work in agriculture. Two main phases can be distinguished : 1) From 1870 to 1895 the Italian emigrants poured into the province of Santa Fe, where extensive colonization took place. The land was divided up into lots and then either sold by the state or privately. Through the operation of a system of payment by instalments, the settlers became owners after some years. Then they extended their farms, and created « societa di mutuo soccorso » (mutual benefit societies) and schools. The agricultural development of Santa Fe also offered job opportunities to temporary emigrants, who worked as agricultural labourers in the harvest season. 2) From 1895 to 1914 agricultural emigration also spread to other provinces of the « pampa húmeda » (Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Entre Ríos, La Pampa). The land, however, was no longer divided up and sold, but usually rented by the owners who combined agriculture with stock-farming. In this second phase the social and economic conditions of those who rented land were worse than those of the settlers of the previous era. Earnings gradually dropped, and the tenants' relationship to the owners worsened. Hence social claims and conflicts.

Italian Immigrants in Australia, 1900-22

In researching the history of Italian emigration during the years 1900-1922, one is immediately struck by the fact that this period is indeed a 'black hole' in the historiography of the Italian community in Aus tralia. Unlike the second part of the nineteenth century, there were no charismatic figures, no Carboni's, Fiaschi's, Cattani's, Baracchi's, and there were no dramatic and colourful instances of Italian colonisation, such as the New Italy episode in the 1880s or the several other group settlements undertaken at the end of the century. Similarly absent was that infrastructure of clubs, political and recreative associations which characterised the following period from 1922 to 1945 and which, to gether with the issue of Fascism and a sharp increase in Italian immi gration to Australia, drew the attention of Australian journalists, social scientists and demographers, as well as historians. This absence of studies on early twentieth century Italian migration is even more remarkable as 10.7 million people emigrated from Italy between 1900 and 1922. The Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tommaso Tittoni, in a report to the Italian Parliament in 1906, admitted that the exodus was 'a phenomenon abnormal in character and proportions'.1 Yet, what is most damnable in the attitude of Italian governments of the time, both of the Sinistra and of the Destra, is not so much their inability to procure employment at home for so many of their subjects, which might have checked this enormous drain of human resources, as their failure to give the emigrants the legislative protection needed to ensure that their treatment during the sea voyage and on their arrival at their destinations was at least equal to that given to migrants of other nationalities. Instead, when the first and by no means satisfactory law on emigration was passed in 1888, over one million migrants had already left Italy for overseas, and another million would migrate before 1901, when a second, more comprehensive Bill was approved and a Commissariat-General for Emigration created.2 Yet, in 1910 and again in 1919 this Act was further amended because of the insufficient legal protection it was affording the migrants. Migrants were often considered to be a burden, best disposed of quietly and without much publicity. For instance, in 1913 the Commissioner-General for Emigration, Giuseppe De Michelis, issued instructions to his staff to suspend departures of migrant ships from Italian ports during the political elections to avoid repercussions adverse

Processes of estrangement and disengagement in an Italian emigrant community

Processes of estrangement and disengagement in an Italian emigrant community

An analysis of Italian emigration statistics, 1876-1914

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Handbooks for Italian Emigrants to the United States: A Bibliographical Survey

Handbooks for Italian Emigrants to the United States: A Bibliographical Survey

Handbooks for Italian Emigrants to the United States: A Bibliographical Survey

Handbooks for Italian Emigrants to the United States: A Bibliographical Survey

The Italian Emigration Department in 1904

The Italian Emigration Department in 1904

Italian Emigration*

Italian Emigration*