IT Standards Research Articles

Predicting Student Performance in a Computer Network Certification Program: using the J48 Algorithm

Objective: Academic institutions worldwide are continually trying to improve their curricula to address the needs of industry and government. Many technology curricula emerged to satisfy well recognized IT standards and critical components. Colleges and universities are now inclined to include IT certification in their curricula. Moreover, this study aims to develop a model that will predict outcomes based performance of the IT students in their Cisco Certification Program. Method: The data sets used in this field are the forms of the 3rd year BSIT students enrolled in the Cisco Routing and Switching Certification Program from S.Y 2016-2017. Findings: There were 165 datasets with five variables Pre-Test, Quizzes, Hands-on Skills Exam, Final Exam, and Remarks. The Data Mining process predicts the performance of the students in the certification program, individually, the J48 Algorithm derived from a C4.5 decision tree model. The results revealed that Quizzes had the highest instances of achieving a passing mark and became the first split between the (Finals<=79.67) and (Finals> 79.67) in predicting student Performance in the CISCO Certificate Program. Moreover, it showed the decision tree model Quizzes has the highest factor that students will get Passed, Failed, or Conditional marks. Application/Improvements: In order to obtain more precise results, we can employ other reputable data mining techniques and prediction algorithms or a combination of both to assess and guide student performance in future studies. Keywords: Academic Performance, Certification, Data Mining, J48 Algorithm, CCNA

Standard Architecture of China Intelligent Bus Systems

This paper summarizes the ITS standards of China, and designs the standard architecture of intelligent bus system, including the technical specifications on devices, communication protocols, data resource, and application software being implemented. The development efforts will update the intelligent bus system architecture to ensure interoperability among devices, protocols, databases, and application systems; and it will increase reusability of the devices and systems of intelligent bus system; and integrate the operations among bus companies, bus industry, and management agencies.

Creating a Strategic IT Architecture Competency: Learning in Stages

IT architecture is often assumed to follow business strategy, to align IT with the business's strategic objectives. Increasingly, though, many business strategies depend on specific underlying IT capabilities. To develop a synergy between business strategy and IT architecture, firms must develop organizational competencies in IT architecture. My research has identified four IT architectural stages, each with its own requisite competencies. The application silo architecture consists of IT architectures of individual applications. The standardized technology architecture has an enterprise-wide IT architecture that provides efficiencies through technology standardization. The rationalized data architecture extends the enterprise-wide IT standards to data and processes. And the modular architecture builds onto enterprise-wide global standards with loosely coupled IT components to preserve the global standards while enabling local differences. Each stage demands different organizational competencies to implement the architecture and prepare the firm to move to the next stage.

Enterprise Architecture Development Approach in the Public Sector

Despite the increasing interest to adopt enterprise architecture (EA) concept, there is a scarcity of literature that discusses the development of EA in the public sector. Hence, the purpose of this article is to empirically investigate the development approach of EA in the public sector. The research used a qualitative case study to build an in-depth understanding of the development approach as well as the enterprise architects roles and the stakeholders' roles played at each development stage. The government architecture framework (GAF) of the Omani public sector was used as the case study that included GAF documentation review and interviews with architects and stakeholders who participated in the development of GAF. The findings showed that the GAF development started by establishing architecture knowledge, EA frameworks &amp; IT standards analysis, high-level architecture framework, working group formation and the development of architecture documents. The enterprise architects had six roles whereas the stakeholders played three roles during the development of GAF. The findings are expected to expand the knowledge of the EA development approach to promote developing a standard EA framework for the public sector.

Obstacles in Secondary Analysis of Routine Data From Primary Care

Routinely recorded data from everyday ambulatory medical care are urgently needed for health services and systems research, but this faces major limitations in Germany. In 2018, European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and new German Federal Data Protection Act (FDPA) become effective. Via simulated real-life scenarios it may be possible to find out if access to and utilization of routine data for research becomes easier or faces additional obstacles. General practitioners, information scientists, data trustees and privacy protection experts create concepts, processes and standards for lawful handling of routinely recorded data for secondary research and study their feasibility in 2 scenarios (anonymous and pseudonymous data utilization). From the point of view of technical assessment and privacy protection, technical and organizational obstacles are presented as well as the legal framework. Outdated software interface, insufficient maintenance by software vendors, burdens associated with organization and cost as well as poor IT standards place obstacles to systematic and longitudinal use of healthcare routine data. Future pan-European law for privacy protection will allow research utilization of ambulatory data in principle. However, there are persisting conflicts between individual (fundamental right of privacy protection) and public interests (research for quality and efficiency of public spending; European market's free exchange of goods and services). This becomes evident especially when using routine data via pseudonymization. Neither insurmountable hurdles by privacy protecting law nor a threat from Big Data are currently the major obstacles to secondary utilization of routine data but real-life problems at the technology and operational level. GDPR and FDPA that have become into effect in May 2018 have improved European legal unity and transparency of patients' interests. Tension between privacy protection of data on an identified or identifiable person and scientific utilization and exchange of such data in public interest necessitates additional legal clarification. One possible solution, an advanced and ready-to-use software interface, awaits implementation.

Development of BPMN Architecture using Integration of Data Mining

Data mining is an important factor of success for modern business processes. Modern Integrating data mining with business solutions will improve the business process model (BPM) and enhance the overall business process management framework. The proposed architecture promises to provide great support for flexible design, deployment and managementof business processes. Incorporating services of data mining in order to choose the appropriate business model, determining missing standards and deploying machine learning techniques in an applicable manner is a challenging task discussed in the paper. Theproposed work describes the overall contribution of data mining services and validates the novelty in architecture by defining user roles for business, decision mining and IT standards. Supervised and unsupervised learning technique is used for determining similarity between the proposed model and the previously stored models.

ICD-11, ICHI and SNOMED CT-What do the standards mean for eHealth applications?

Medical documentation is no longer used primarily for administrative processes or healthcare billing, but for the entire electronic health record with accompanying eHealth use cases. It shall be examined to what extent classifications such as the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) and the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI), in comparison to the international reference terminology SNOMED CT, meet the requirements of current eHealth applications and ensure interoperability. The strengths and weaknesses of ICD-11 and ICHI are highlighted in terms of literature, contextual mapping within the international patient summary, telemedicine applications and the use in IT standards, such as HL7 in comparison to SNOMED CT. The whole range of medical terminology is not covered by ICHI and ICD-10, but with SNOMED CT, because ICD-11 and ICHI may be used in strict limitations to annotate procedures and diagnosis. A sample value set (n = 30) shows high mapping equivalence in SNOMED CT. In the literature, ICD-11 to SNOMED CT mappings are described as complex and error-prone. In terms of content expressivity and international usability, the potential of SNOMED CT in eHealth applications can be considered more favorable than ICD-11 or ICHI, even considering the original scope of these classifications, diagnoses and procedures. ICHI may even be recommended for specific use cases (e. g. statistics).

УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНИМИ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЯМИ ІТ ФАХІВЦІВ ВІДПОВІДНО ДО ВИМОГ ІНДУСТРІЇ НА ОСНОВІ КОГНІТИВНИХ КАРТ

The article analyzes and summarizes competences of the IT professions defined by the European Competence Framework and competencies declared by higher IT education standards. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of competencies identified by modern educational IT standards in order to determine the commonalities and differences in the content of IT specialists training in Ukraine with international standards. With the help of cognitive cards, a simulation of the development of professional IT competencies was carried out within the framework of the cognitive modeling methodology. As designations of concepts at the vertices of the cognitive graph, the notions of competences defined in the notation of the European competence framework are taken. Building cognitive cards to manage the competencies of IT professionals and imitation on their basis of managerial influences allow exploring the subject area and developing strategies close to optimal for organizing the learning process in order to improve the quality of training specialists for the IT industry.

Report on 16th CJK (China, Japan, and Korea) IT Standards Plenary Meeting

Report on 16th CJK (China, Japan, and Korea) IT Standards Plenary Meeting

Promoting Business -IT Alignment through Agent Metaphor Based Software Technology

Business-IT alignment (BITA) addresses the nature of connection between business activities, enterprise architecture (EA) and software technology. Luftman's strategic alignment maturity model suggests usage of matured IT standards and approaches. This work examines improving IT approaches to EA modelling with an emphasis on improved CASE automation in EA practice. This work uses Zachman framework (ZF) as a representative EA technology and compares the capability of UML and agent oriented models to provide ZF grid cell models with various EA diagram kinds using criterion such as maintain the syntactic and semantic continuity across grid cell models of each columns of ZF. This work argues the 'agent oriented modelling' technology provides better business model aligned modelling taxonomy and model diagram kinds that improves maintainability and CASE automation in ZF leading to improved EA practice environment. Agent abstraction is also shown to satisfy the information requirements of manufacturing industry oriented ISO 19440/19439 standards.

Challenges of software developers: the Namibian Government experience

Almost 15 years after the National Development Program (NDP) was initiated, the Namibian Government continue to outsource most of its software development to companies from other countries. This is considered by the general populace of the country to have a negative impact on the economy, as well as skill and knowledge transfer. This research, through multiple case studies, examined and discusses the impact of lack of in-house software development experts in the country. From the empirical study, a framework for software development skill (FSDS) was developed. The framework consists of factors which include strategic objectives of the government, strategic objectives of the IT divisions, policy and standards, IT management support and skills and development. The primary aim of the FSDS is to assist the Namibian Government institutions to understand the influencing factors, in building software development capacity in the country.

Challenges of software developers: the Namibian Government experience

Almost 15 years after the National Development Program (NDP) was initiated, the Namibian Government continue to outsource most of its software development to companies from other countries. This is considered by the general populace of the country to have a negative impact on the economy, as well as skill and knowledge transfer. This research, through multiple case studies, examined and discusses the impact of lack of in-house software development experts in the country. From the empirical study, a framework for software development skill (FSDS) was developed. The framework consists of factors which include strategic objectives of the government, strategic objectives of the IT divisions, policy and standards, IT management support and skills and development. The primary aim of the FSDS is to assist the Namibian Government institutions to understand the influencing factors, in building software development capacity in the country.

TATA KELOLA MODEL IT GOVERNANCE PADA LAYANAN AKADEMIK MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK COBIT 4.1 PADA DOMAIN (DELIVERY AND SUPPORT) DAN (MONITORING AND EVALUATION)

The role of academic information system in the High School of Information and Computer Management "AMIK BANDUNG" (STMIK "AMIKBANDUNG") is now implemented, but has not been managed using structured approaches and methods, so there is difficulty in measuring the role of information technology to achieve institutional goals Effective and efficient. The research methodology used in this research is data collection in the form of observation, interview and questionnaire distribution. IT Governance (Information Technology Governance) is an important factor for an organization in the institution in utilizing information technology, which will provide assurance that the use of informationtechnology aligned with organizational goals. In this study using COBIT framework 4.1. Based on consideration, that COBIT 4.1. Made using IT standards as a reference so that the alignment of IT development with the goal of the institution is relatively more secure. The tool used to map the position of the information system process is to use a questionnaire. Questionnaires were made using priority scale measurement techniques.From the results of this study obtained that the role of IT to institutions in the scale of model maturity is on scale 4 (managed), meaning that institutions can measure and monitor the existing procedures so easily addressed if there is deviation. The conclusion of this research is that the result of IT process mapping is obtained from the description that the institutional position for each process is on average at the fourth level of maturity that is regulated, meaning that IT implementation in the institution has been following a regular pattern, but shoul be supervised and evaluate from each process.

On the Interrelation of Security, QoS, and Safety in Cooperative ITS

Cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) is an emerging technology that enables secure and safe road travel using wireless communications. Vehicles regularly share their mobility information with the neighborhood road traffic and infrastructure-based road side units using cooperative awareness messages (CAMs) to develop a local dynamic map for safety applications. Since the applications provided by C-ITS are related to human safety, reliable as well as secure communications are required. To protect the vehicular network from untrusted data of malicious users that could cause network congestion and reduce vehicle safety, ITS standards have proposed various security procedures. In this paper, we analyze the interrelation between security, quality of service (QoS), and safety awareness of vehicles in C-ITS. To formulate an accurate measure of vehicle safety awareness, we first propose novel vehicle and infrastructure centric metrics that use the number of received CAMs, their accuracy, safety importance, and vehicle heading. We then implement the standard CAM signature and verification procedure in the ITS standard. Using simulation results and our proposed metrics, we show the impact of security signature and verification speed on the level of vehicle awareness and, hence, QoS in different road traffic conditions.

Exchange and Reconciliation of Clinical Decision Support Outputs across Systems for Coordinated Quality Improvement: Results and Future Direction from an Implementation in a U.S. Population Health Partnership

Background: In a population health partnership, shareable clinical decision support (CDS) can reduce service duplication and promote patient wellness by presenting consistent information to all members of a cross-functional, distributed care team. However, existing health IT standards present challenges in the exchange of CDS outputs from multiple systems. Objectives: To exchange and reconcile CDS outputs across systems in a partnership between an integrated health system (Deaconess Health System) and a population health services organization (Evolent Health). Methods: We developed a bi-directional HL7-based interface for CDS outputs between Deaconess’s Electronic Health Record (EHR) and Evolent’s population health services platorm (PHSP). The mapping of CDS logic between systems enabled this interface to automatically reconcile inconsistent CDS outputs. Fifteen quality measure (QM)- based CDS rules to identify care gaps were selected for this initiative. These care gaps remind Deaconess’s clinicians to provide care or documentation necessary for gap closure, and also guide Evolent’s care management services. Results: Two months after launch, Deaconess reconciled 14,040 care gaps from Evolent using data only available in the EHR. Additionally, 1,047 care gaps were resolved due to patient refusal or clinical inappropriateness, and 246 gaps were closed by services or prescriptions provided during clinical encounters. Conclusions: We implemented an HL7-based interface to exchange and reconcile a large volume of CDS outputs between a health system EHR and a PHSP. Future direction is to standardize the linkage between a CDS rule and its reference QM by universal identifiers and a taxonomy of variations.

Security in Intelligent Transport Systems for Smart Cities: From Theory to Practice.

Connecting vehicles securely and reliably is pivotal to the implementation of next generation ITS applications of smart cities. With continuously growing security threats, vehicles could be exposed to a number of service attacks that could put their safety at stake. To address this concern, both US and European ITS standards have selected Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithms to secure vehicular communications. However, there is still a lack of benchmarking studies on existing security standards in real-world settings. In this paper, we first analyze the security architecture of the ETSI ITS standard. We then implement the ECC based digital signature and encryption procedures using an experimental test-bed and conduct an extensive benchmark study to assess their performance which depends on factors such as payload size, processor speed and security levels. Using network simulation models, we further evaluate the impact of standard compliant security procedures in dense and realistic smart cities scenarios. Obtained results suggest that existing security solutions directly impact the achieved quality of service (QoS) and safety awareness of vehicular applications, in terms of increased packet inter-arrival delays, packet and cryptographic losses, and reduced safety awareness in safety applications. Finally, we summarize the insights gained from the simulation results and discuss open research challenges for efficient working of security in ITS applications of smart cities.

An Audit of the Academic Information System of UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Academic Information System (AIS) is a form of information technology in the form of software services in the education process including academic information. To get a good AIS services, it needs good governance, including IT support, service for IT users as well as continuity of care. Sunan Kalijaga UIN has adequate information technology support used in academic services for users. Audit SIA is needed to fit the IT governance framework and standards of Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT). COBIT is standard because it is the most complete guide of best practices in IT management because it has a very good compromise in the breadth of coverage and detail of management's processes. Referring to one of the domains in COBIT is to Deliver and Support the domain that has the focus in his ministry. This study has implemented almost all IT activities and has a maturity level of 2.56, which means IT Academic Information System is approaching Defined Process management. This suggests that the activities of the Deliver and Support domain have been applied, but have not had formal procedures in writing and well documented.

A European Initiative for More Efficient and Attractive Bus Systems: The EBSF_2 Project

In spite of genuine innovations in the field of bus manufacturing over the recent years, user acceptance of bus transport has not duly changed. Moreover, the economic situation today calls for further research development to make bus systems more attractive for passengers and, at the same time, more efficient and economical to operate. The European Bus System of the Future 2, coordinated by UITP, combines the efforts of 42 partners to tackle this challenge. The project is committed to complete the development and testing in real operational scenarios of a set of technological solutions to evaluate to which extent such innovations can contribute to improving the attractiveness and the efficiency of bus systems mostly in terms of operational costs and energy consumption. Demonstrations in real service in 12 cities address the following key areas for innovations: energy strategy and auxiliaries, green driver assistance systems, IT standards introduction in existing fleet, vehicle design (capacity, accessibility, and modularity), intelligent garage and predictive maintenance, interface between the bus and urban infrastructure. Key solutions that still require more steps for a wide acceptance in the market are also evaluated in the project through the use of prototypes and simulation tools. The paper presents the rationale of the project as well as its positioning and ambition with respect to the state-of-the-art scenario. It also describes the methodology developed to achieve the EBSF_2 mission and the scenarios and technological innovations addressed by the Gothenburg test site as an example of the approach implemented in all the demonstrations.

The Applicability Of SWE In Polish Spatial Data Infrastructures - The Example Of The SensorML Language

Abstract Mobile and stationary sensors currently used to measure various environmental parameters, functioning independently or as part of monitoring networks and measurement stations, provide vast amounts of data on the state and quality of the environment on the Earth. If the data is to be used effectively, they must be exchanged and shared among IT systems. Systems which offer services of searching, exchange, sharing, visualisation and analysis of dispersed and varied data resources on the widely understood environment are, for example, spatial data infrastructures. The article presents an overview of IT technologies and standards which offer interoperability in spatial data infrastructures. It first defines interoperability and then describes the most important issues connected with spatial data infrastructures on the example of INSPIRE. An example standard which facilitates interoperability in INSPIRE is the SensorML language, a component of Sensor Web Enablement (SWE). Its practical application is proposed – for description of processes of air monitoring in a spatial data infrastructure that is an element of the Polish national environmental monitoring plan.

Defining the relationships between IT service management and IT service governance

IT service provider organizations need both IT service management (ITSM) and IT service governance (ITSG) to ensure successful service provision for their customers. However, current service science literature has not adequately addressed how these activities differ from each other. Focusing solely on IT service management and ignoring service governance aspects may cause difficulties in measuring the performance of service management, defining and deploying the roles and responsibilities of service management, allocating the resources for right service improvements and adopting the service-oriented process culture. The research problem of this study is: How does IT service management differ from IT service governance? The main contribution of the study is a framework for IT service governance and a roadmap of IT service management frameworks and standards that can be utilized in establishing IT service governance activities. The theory-based framework is validated in an IT service change management case study with five Finnish IT service provider organizations. The results of this study may be used by top management, service directors and the IT service managers of IT service companies to better identify different aspects of IT service management and IT service governance.