Supervision Issues Research Articles

‘I once knew a team where all the workers called the manager ‘mother’ Some reflections on supervision within an integrated leadership and management programme

In 2010, an integrated Leadership, Management and Safeguarding training programme for adult and children’s services managers was created by a group of local authorities and a local university. Following Lord Laming (Department of Health, 2003 and Laming, 2009), the emerging reports of Munro (2010) and the Social Work Task Force (Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2009) called for increased emphasis on supervision as a key mechanism for safeguarding children, and by implication, adults. Therefore on this course two different means for candidates to address issues of supervision and explore their practice were included: a discussion board, and a critical friend exercise using video. A feature of the programme was the learning and understanding which developed from adults and children’s sectors learning together. The work on supervision provided a shared space in which all could participate. Feedback indicates that the two methods were both valued in different ways for the opportunity they provided for exploring supervision and enhancing reflective practice. This article is a reflection by one of the course tutors on the methods used and the value of both adult and children’s services managers participating together.

The Beginnings of Psychoanalytic Supervision: The Crucial Role of Max Eitingon

Psychoanalytic supervision is moving well into its 2nd century of theory, practice, and (to a limited extent) research. In this paper, I take a look at the pioneering first efforts to define psychoanalytic supervision and its importance to the psychoanalytic education process. Max Eitingon, the "almost forgotten man" of psychoanalysis, looms large in any such consideration. His writings or organizational reports were seemingly the first psychoanalytic published material to address the following supervision issues: rationale, screening, notes, responsibility, supervisee learning/personality issues, and the extent and length of supervision itself. Although Eitingon never wrote formally on supervision, his pioneering work in the area has continued to echo across the decades and can still be seen reflected in contemporary supervision practice. I also recognize the role of Karen Horney-one of the founders of the Berlin Institute and Poliklinik, friend of Eitingon, and active, vital participant in Eitingon's efforts-in contributing to and shaping the beginnings of psychoanalytic education.

Multicultural Training Experiences as Predictors of Psychology Students' Cultural Competence

The psychologists in the western world, including Australia, are required to be culturally competent because of the cultural diversity of these societies. Previous studies conducted in North America and Europe have found multicultural teaching, clinical experience with culturally diverse clients, and discussion of multicultural counselling issues in supervision to be related to the practitioner's cultural competency. The present study examined factors contributing to trainee psychologists' perceived level of cultural competence. It was hypothesised that multicultural teaching, clinical experience, and supervision would be related to students' level of cultural competence. One hundred twenty‐seven postgraduate clinical psychology students completed an online survey battery that included demographic information, a social desirability measure, and the Multicultural Mental Health Awareness Scale. This hypothesis was partially supported. Clinical experience and supervision focusing on multicultural issues were found to be related to participants' perceived cultural competence; however, multicultural teaching was not. These results provide insight into how universities around Australia can facilitate future psychologists' competence in working with clients from different cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive behaviour therapy in a forensic rehabilitation service

The purpose of this article is to consider the applicability of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) within forensic mental health settings, primarily within a forensic mental health rehabilitation service. As such, the article takes cognisance of the fundamental aspects of implementing CBT-related to training, supervision and governance issues.

Construction Supervision Mechanism for Public Projects in China: Progress Goal–Oriented Perspective

Public project plays an important role in China’s economy, and the agent construction system (ACS) has been widely used in public projects since 2004. As a construction management innovation, the ACS improves the management performance of public projects. As the supervisor of public projects, the Chinese government issued a series of policies to demonstrate its determination to solve supervision problems. Based on the practice of the ACS in China, in this paper we study the issue of supervision, in which the government supervises the agent. We describe a supervision mechanism to decrease the risk caused by information asymmetry. The mechanism’s contribution includes (1) two dimensions of longitudinal self-control and a lateral regulatory system; (2) a five-goals-oriented framework; and (3) contract is take as the core. The main goal of this paper is to elaborate on these three components. According to the five-goals-oriented framework, in this article, we determine that the progress supervision mechanism research produces higher results than agent management. In addition, we give some practical advices to apply the mechanism.

‘I once knew a team where all the workers called the manager ‘mother’ Some reflections on supervision within an integrated leadership and management programme

In 2010, an integrated Leadership, Management and Safeguarding training programme for adult and children’s services managers was created by a group of local authorities and a local university. Following Lord Laming (Department of Health, 2003 and Laming, 2009), the emerging reports of Munro (2010) and the Social Work Task Force (Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2009) called for increased emphasis on supervision as a key mechanism for safeguarding children, and by implication, adults. Therefore on this course two different means for candidates to address issues of supervision and explore their practice were included: a discussion board, and a critical friend exercise using video. A feature of the programme was the learning and understanding which developed from adults and children’s sectors learning together. The work on supervision provided a shared space in which all could participate. Feedback indicates that the two methods were both valued in different ways for the opportunity they provided for exploring supervision and enhancing reflective practice. This article is a reflection by one of the course tutors on the methods used and the value of both adult and children’s services managers participating together.

Migrant Social Workers' Experience in New Zealand: Education and Supervision Issues

Social work has recently featured a mobile workforce, joining other professions in having members navigate the opportunities and challenges posed by working and living in countries other than their country of birth and the country where they obtained their professional qualifications. Local data on professionals employed in the social services workforce in New Zealand were needed to inform educational and institutional responses to this complex phenomenon. Study findings highlighted a range of themes with significant implications for research, practice and education. This paper reports on a sub-section of a larger project, namely the views and reported experiences of overseas-qualified social workers in New Zealand with respect to education, professional development and supervision. Core themes emerged related to the experience of the ‘politics’ of social work in New Zealand and conflicts over cultural and practice issues. The implications are discussed with reference to education and supervision.

Silence in the sexual agenda of a UK probation service

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to interrogate ways in which sex and sexual orientation are excluded from the agenda of work relationships in one probation service.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted through conversational interviews with members of a team responsible both for supervision of colleagues and for development of supervisory practice. Straight and lesbian officers responded to a perceived lack of skills to effectively “work with” sexuality issues.FindingsResponses lead to discussion of the discursive “silence” of sex, and to the specific positioning of lesbian identity. Specifically, it critiques approaches to supervision that do not explicitly value lesbian experienceResearch limitations/implicationsThis small study does not include the voices of black or gay male officers. It also does not explore the experience of bisexuality.Practical implicationsThe finding of this research can be used to support development of good supervisory practice.Social implicationsThe paper sheds light on day to day interactions that “silence” experience of sexual orientation.Originality/valueThe paper draws on original research interrogating both lesbian and straight experience. In so doing it sheds light on both discursive practices of a sexual agenda and practice issues in supervision.

9 Upsetting Dilemmas

9 Upsetting Dilemmas

Substance-Exposed Infants and Children: Forensic Approach

Infants and children exposed to illicit substances can be harmed directly by hazards in their home environment and indirectly by related issues of poor supervision and interpersonal violence among their caregivers. These children will present to health care providers with clinical symptoms that can be obvious or subtle. This article address the recognition and response to substance-exposed infants and children by reviewing the definition of a substance-exposed infant or child, differences in screening vs confirmatory drug testing modalities, and responses to consider once an infant or child is recognized as substance exposed.

The Research on China IPO Mechanism Existence Question and Countermeasure

As a major institutional reform, China IPO market reform in the obtained enormous result while also put in a few problems. First, contradictions between the stock market pricing and the issue of audit. Second, the sponsor closely with the interests of the issuer to issue overvalued. Third, the IPO allocation system is not reasonable inquiry agencies compete to improve the offer of new shares. Reform and perfect the system of IPO, through the system arrangement of the system to achieve. Through accelerate commercialize reform pace, gradually the practice registration system to create the conditions for the future. We should strengthen the issue of market supervision, increase irregularities punishment. The government should further improve the current IPO way of inquiry. Key words: The IPO system; Market-oriented reforms; Problem; Countermeasures

Supervisory needs of research doctoral students in a university teaching hospital setting

Teaching hospitals affiliated with universities are now common sites for research higher degree supervision. We hypothesised that the hospital environment poses unique challenges to supervision compared with the traditional university research institute setting. This study aimed to identify and rank important supervision issues in a clinical setting from the students' perspective. Using the Delphi method to explore issues and facilitate consensus, small group discussions were conducted with 10 research doctoral students from a tertiary teaching hospital. We identified supervision issues that are unique to the hospital-based context. These include the demands placed on supervisors combining clinical and supervisory roles, the challenges of academic medical/scientific writing and career issues for students who are already established in their professions. Other issues identified, common to all doctoral students, include differing expectations between students and supervisors (with students wanting support for their career plans, training in research skills and increasing autonomy and responsibility), supervisor access, quality and frequency of meetings, lack of training in writing and dealing with conflicts. Our research identified that postgraduate students of supervisors who combine clinical and supervisory roles report significant issues with supervision, some of which are unique to the clinical setting. Clinician researchers who supervise postgraduate students need to balance clinical and supervisory responsibilities, identify and negotiate student expectations early in candidature and provide career counselling to students who are already highly experienced. Furthermore, clinician supervisors should undertake postgraduate supervisor training programme tailored to the hospital setting to better support their students.

A Study on Community Perceptions of Common Cancers, Determinants of Community Behaviour and Program Implementation in New Delhi, India

Assessment of perceptions of the community, the determinants and development of their behavior regarding common malignancies, helps in establishing evidence-based activities for prevention and early diagnosis of cancer. However information on this important aspect is lacking in our country. Qualitative methods were here used to obtain information through in depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with all categories of identified stakeholders. Most were unaware of the activities of the cancer control program. Even the providers were not fully conversant. All respondents mentioned lack of diagnostic and treatment facilities in government, primary and secondary level facilities. Perceptions of different categories of stakeholders regarding why many community members did not attend screening camps and other services reflect the determinants of community behavior, acting independently as well as in combination. The cancer control program was thought to be restricted only to some private facilities and overcrowded government tertiary care facilities where the visits were time consuming. Almost all the facilities were considered curative oriented. Issues of supervision, monitoring and feedback were inadequately addressed by providers who were inadequately trained in many program activities. The program lacked effective planning, coordination and appropriate implementation at the grass roots level in Delhi. Social mobilization was grossly inadequate, as most of the community members were unaware of the existence of the program. Misconceptions about the risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment were common amongst community members as well as many of the providers. Thus the national cancer control program in our country needs further community participation and social mobilization. Accessibility, availability, acceptability and affordability of various preventive, curative and rehabilitative activities, as well as intersectoral coordination, training, supervision and monitoring of program activities, all need to be addressed to ensure the success of this important public health program.

Supervision is Not Politically Innocent

This paper argues that the potential tensions within the role, function, and purpose of supervision, potentially magnified by the adoption of the process within a variety of organisational and occupational settings, underscore the importance of supervision being seen as a contextually informed activity. Supervision can be constructed as a professional development activity with processes of reflection that are potentially active contributors to practitioner resilience. It can also be viewed as a developmental tool that assists a worker adapt to the workplace context and to process environmentally located challenges and tensions. Within some workplaces, supervision has an active managerial and risk-management function. Using the lens of resilience theories, this paper addresses key issues for supervision emerging from its different functions and argues that in becoming aware of its contextual location in complex practice and organisational environments, supervision practice itself cannot remain politically innocent.

Supervision and Multicultural Issues: Supervisors and Supervisees

Multicultural influences may impact the supervisor and supervisee relationship within the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology. This article summarizes the themes that have emerged in the literature on multicultural issues in supervision, including cultural competence, mixed-race and same-race supervisory relationships, and social power.

Contemporary Visions of Psychotherapy Supervision: Sharing Perspective, Identifying Need, and Charting Possibility

Psychotherapy supervision has now celebrated its first centennial, is poised to move boldly forward into its second century of contribution to psychotherapy education, and seems perfectly positioned to further advance our knowledge about and practice of how to effectively facilitate, influence, and mentor our supervisees. Professional interest in and recognition of psychotherapy supervision appears to be at an all time high, and its value as a potentially alchemical educational event seems increasingly incontrovertible. But if supervision is to maintain and even enhance its substance and significance in 21st century psychotherapy education, what are the matters to which we as supervision practitioners, researchers, and theorists must vigilantly attend and vigorously address? In this special supervision issue of the Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, we would like to examine some of those matters. The topics that are addressed include: competencies, evidence-based practice, and supervising psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, cognitive/behavioral, humanistic/existential, and integrative/eclectic psychotherapies. The binding theme of “pressing needs and impressing possibilities” will be evident throughout this journal issue. In this introductory paper, I briefly define psychotherapy supervision, consider its beginnings, provide a rationale for this special issue, and identify the specific questions that give focus and frame to each of the succeeding contributions.

Evolving practicum issues in school psychology preparation

AbstractPracticum experiences have been a critical aspect of the education and training of school psychologists at both the specialist and doctoral level. At the specialist level, the National Association of School Psychologists recently updated their standards for practicum, but the content, quality, and length of practicum vary tremendously across training programs. At the doctoral level, recent guidelines from the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards allow for the emerging option to include practicum experience together with internship toward licensure requirements. However, this raises a number of questions unique to the context of school psychology training, including what hours and activities count, appropriate credentials for supervisors, appropriate sites for practicum experiences, what competencies are to be gained, and how to assess those competencies. The Council of Directors of School Psychology Programs has organized a task force to address issues of competencies and supervision in practicum experiences to inform recommendations and regulations regarding practicum experiences. This article summarizes the nature and context of these issues, and makes recommendations for school psychology training programs, national professional organizations, and credentialing organizations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Mainstreaming risk management education into new resident and fellow orientation.

Understanding patient safety events and causative factors is an important step in reducing preventable adverse events. The University of Michigan's Graduate Medical Education (GME) Office, Department of Risk Management (DRM), and Office of Clinical Affairs (OCA) collaborated to incorporate a video workshop as a formal introduction to patient safety during orientation for new residents and fellows. This workshop reinforced the importance of effective communication and supervision in patient safety. DRM and OCA produced a video depicting an actual, unanticipated outcome that resulted from a constellation of preventable circumstances, which allows the audience to observe communication and supervision issues that lead to a patient death. The video is followed by a discussion of the patient safety issues seen, why they occurred, and strategies for improvement. Trainee perceptions of the value of the experience were surveyed and collected using a qualitative survey. Most responders found the video workshop helpful. Trainees perceived the video and facilitated discussion as an effective way to identify patient safety issues, available resources, and the culture of patient safety at the institution. Trainee comments supported the video workshop as an effective way to highlight the importance of communication and supervision in relation to patient safety. In the future, the DRM, OCA, and GME hope to reinforce this shared vision of patient safety through combined educational efforts.

Generational Issues in Supervision and Administration

Generational Issues in Supervision and Administration

The Initial Development of the Multicultural Supervision Scale

The Multicultural Supervision Scale (MSS) was administered to 304 counselor educators and clinical supervisors across the United States. A three factor model comprising 39 items seemed to define the contours of the construct of multicultural issues in supervision. Three factors were defined as supervisory skills, supervisors’ attitudes and beliefs, as well as stereotypes toward diverse populations. The findings suggested the scores on the MSS were valid and reliable. Overall, the MSS provided an important initial step in developing an assessment in multicultural supervision with reasonable factor structure, internal consistency, and having scientific and applied utility.