Reuse Issues Research Articles

Supporting open research data practice through data curation and discovery: A global perspective

AbstractThis panel will address the issues associated with the practice and service of open research data curation and discovery from a global perspective. The sub‐fields of information science such as information retrieval, information curation, information practices and human‐centered data science have approached the open research data initiatives from multiple lenses. The issues of data creation, capturing, curation, sharing, discovery and reuse of cut across the sub‐fields. We will identify and discuss the emerging themes in open data curation and discovery drawing on active research projects, repository practices and research data capturing and reuse in a selection of disciplines from health domain to archaeology and cultural heritage.

Facial protection in the era of COVID-19: A narrative review.

We live in extraordinary times, where COVID‐19 pandemic has brought the whole world to a screeching halt. Tensions and contradictions that surround the pandemic ridden world include the availability, and the lack thereof, various facial protection measures to mitigate the viral spread. Here, we comprehensively explore the different types of facial protection measures, including masks, needed both for the public and the healthcare workers (HCW). We discuss the anatomy, the critical issues of disinfection and reusability of masks, the alternative equipment available for the protection of the facial region from airborne diseases, such as face shields and powered air‐purifying respirators (PAPR), and the skin health impact of prolonged wearing of facial protection by HCW. Clearly, facial protection, either in the form of masks or alternates, appears to have mitigated the pandemic as seen from the minimal COVID‐19 spread in countries where public mask wearing is strictly enforced. On the contrary, the healthcare systems, that appear to have been unprepared for emergencies of this nature, should be appropriately geared to handle the imbalance of supply and demand of personal protective equipment including face masks. These are two crucial lessons we can learn from this tragic experience.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) in a pandemic: Approaches to PPE preservation for South African healthcare facilities

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is key to protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19 infection, but the pandemic has disrupted supply chains globally and necessitated rapid review of the scientific evidence for PPE re-use. In South Africa, where the COVID-19 epidemic is still developing, healthcare facilities have a short window of opportunity to improve PPE supply chains, train staff on prudent PPE use, and devise plans to track and manage the inevitable increases in PPE demand. This article discusses the available PPE preservation strategies and addresses the issue of decontamination and re-use of N95 respirators as a last-resort strategy for critical shortages during the pandemic.

Spectroscopic investigation of chitosan-supported Cu2O/CuO nanocomposite; a separable catalyst for water-pollutants degradation

Abstract Designing nano-products using renewable/sustainable resources, while minimizing the use of hazardous reagents, is a major challenge. A new solid-state preparation route of chitosan-supported copper oxide using ascorbic acid (of biological origin) is developed. This method fulfills the environmental and economic requirements in terms of being a non-toxic, solvent-free, energy saving, and available for mass-production. The powder X-ray diffraction proves the formation of Cu2O/CuO nanoparticles. The scanning and transmission microscopy show the narrow size-distribution of the copper oxide particles. The Fourier transforms infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies provide evidence for the complexation of copper ions with hydroxyl and amino groups of chitosan. The catalytic activity of the chitosan-supported copper oxide nanocomposites is investigated toward a group of organic water-pollutants. The heterogeneous catalyst shows high catalytic activity in reduction of 4-nitrophenol, cationic, anionic dyes, and reactive dyes. The recyclability and reusability issues are efficiently treated here.

Synthesis of magnetic green nanoparticle – Molecular imprinted polymers with emerging contaminants templates

Iron nanoparticles synthesis by an oxidation reaction is the traditional method to obtain these nanoparticles. Nowadays, new synthesis methods are being investigated to promote green chemistry. In this work, nanoparticles were performed from eucalyptus extracts and they were synthesized using a green chemistry method. Eucalyptus extracts is a material abundant in Galicia forests, so it makes them very attractive for economic, availability and reuse issues. Both types of nanoparticles were synthesized with molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). These are materials with specific and selective analyte recognition capabilities. However, when the available sample volume in very low, the handling of polymer in liquid matrixes is complex and, for this reason, polymers were prepared attached on magnetic nanoparticles, to combine the pre-concentration capability of MIPs and the magnetic capability of nanoparticles. Green nanoparticles (GNPs) present higher adsorption capacities than chemical nanoparticles (CNP) due to the organic material which is present in the extract. The adsorption capacity with green nanoparticles was increased by more than 100 % in all cases, in relation to the adsorption value of the chemical nanoparticles. Adsorption kinetic mechanisms is suitable descripted by pseudo – second order model and thermodynamics results show Langmuir isotherm is suitable to explain the adsorption of interest molecules.

INNOVATIONS IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA†

INNOVATIONS IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN AFRICA^†

Significance of Knowledge Reuse in the Three Dimensional Academic Environments

In the present research an effort is being made to understand the significance of knowledge reuse in an academic environment. For this we will require appreciating the role of knowledge reuse, sharing and its management. Quality of reusable tacit and explicit knowledge has also been discussed. Various issues of knowledge quality and reusability in contemporary age have been analyzed. For comprehend the above undertakings in greater details we apply the three dimensional model of knowledge reuse and management by Harsh based on Nonaka and Takeuchi model and present the discussion on the various issues of knowledge reusability and its applications in an academic environment. Suggestions to improve the reusable tacit and explicit knowledge for a country like India are being also detailed. In the present investigation the importance of reusable tacit and explicit knowledge in diverse learning situation which is extensively valuable for the country like India is being explored. In academic environment it is very much essential to analyze the flow of the knowledge. Reusability concept not only providing a way to achieve the desired objective but also encapsulating the tacit as well as explicit knowledge. Combination of the knowledge is quite interesting field in academic environment. This study helps in optimization of educational resources by simple a technique of reuse. Present discussion also point out the enhancement of quality of tacit and explicit reusable knowledge as a result of its refinement in a three dimensional knowledge environment. Application of Information and communication technology can further exploit not only the effortless confined reusable knowledge while it also opens the enormous opportunity for trouble-free applications of reusable knowledge.

Knowledge recommendation for product development using integrated rough set-information entropy correction

New product development is knowledge intensive as it needs the work teams and design engineers located at various locations to constantly share, update, and re-use knowledge. As such, improving the efficiency of acquiring knowledge and coping with the challenge of frequently retrieving related knowledge have become a key factor to managing knowledge in new product development. This paper combines rough set theory and information entropy to establish a new knowledge recommender technique to address the issue of knowledge reuse for new product development. Our method enhances knowledge acquisition and reuse, as it provides a realistic framework for knowledge acquisition and reuse, encompassing the entire process from what the design and work teams need, to recommending what they should have. To validate the proposed approach, we perform experiments on a case study to demonstrate the benefit and performance.

A miniaturized air-lift membrane bioreactor for decentralized sewage treatment

Abstract In recent years, with the rapid development of rural economy and the improvement of living standards of local residents, the rural sewage discharge tends to concentrate and increase in amount, leading to growing concentration on the issue of rural sewage discharge and reuse. Nevertheless, the progress of sewage treatment has relatively been slow due to the backward level of technical management. In this study, a set of rural decentralized integrated membrane bioreactor system is developed in order to satisfy rural domestic sewage's characteristic of decentralization, including anaerobic tank, membrane bioreactor, clean water tank, aeration fan, suction pump and isolation plate. This invention possesses both technological advantages of the original membrane bioreactor and convenient operation which can be used to purify and to treat the domestic sewage of the scattered households, improving the flexibility of the sewage treatment. MBR equipment process flow chart Refluxed pipe of mixture and sludge Aerator ipe Outlet pipe Intake ipe Regulating pool Anaerobic pool Anoxic pool Aerobic pool Equipment room Figure Schematic diagram of construction Concri cfontmd Oto a rrm vrtlo, Lift 1 eg laI o i lLi) Pn iI I'll wellil, . Figure 2

On wear of 3D printed Al2O3 reinforced Nylon6 matrix based functional prototypes

The use of fused deposition modelling (FDM) based functional prototypes for wear resistance applications is presently limited mainly because of selective material availability of filament materials. Various research groups have reinforced several fillers in thermoplastic base to prepare feedstock filaments to improve the mechanical properties and to address the reusability issue of polymeric waste. But hitherto the effect of Al2O3 particle sizes (as single, dual and triple particle size as reinforcement) in Nylon6 thermoplastic blend has been less explored. In the present investigation an effort has been made to prepare feed stock filament for 3D printing application to explore its wear resistant properties. The current investigation suggested that dual particle size reinforced pin exhibit better wear properties followed by triple and single particle reinforced pins. The wear tracks obtained in this study shows that dual particle size based composite material is highly wear resistant as compared to virgin acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/ Nylon6. The results have been supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of prepared pins for wear testing.

A Review of Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding: Process Modeling and Simulation.

The production and consumption of polymer composites has grown continuously through recent decades and has topped 10 Mt/year. Until very recently, polymer composites almost exclusively had non-recyclable thermoset matrices. The growing amount of plastic, however, inevitably raises the issue of recycling and reuse. Therefore, recyclability has become of paramount importance in the composites industry. As a result, thermoplastics are coming to the forefront. Despite all their advantages, thermoplastics are difficult to use as the matrix of high-performance composites because their high viscosity complicates the impregnation process. A solution could be reactive thermoplastics, such as PA-6, which is synthesized from the ε-caprolactam (ε-CL) monomer via anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP). One of the fastest techniques to process PA-6 into advanced composites is thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM). Although nowadays T-RTM is close to commercial application, its optimization and control need further research and development, mainly assisted by modeling. This review summarizes recent progress in the modeling of the different aspects of the AROP of ε-CL. It covers the mathematical modeling of reaction kinetics, pressure-volume-temperature behavior, as well as simulation tools and approaches. Based on the research results so far, this review presents the current trends and could even plot the course for future research.

Examination of Concrete Elements Bending Strength Reinforced by Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste

Ukrainian enterprises of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) waste recycling are still capable of processing only 1 thousand tons, and more than 10 thousand tons of PET granulate are imported to Ukraine every month. Therefore, the issue of reuse and disposal of used polyethylene terephthalate, especially in construction, is one of paramount importance. The aim of the research is experimental-theoretical study of the strength of bending of prisms, reinforced with fibers and strip reinforcement of used PET bottles. Objectives of the research: the study of the percentage of reinforcing fibers in volume (1% and 1.5%) influence on the flexural strength of concrete reinforced prisms, and the possibility of using ribbon reinforcement from used PET bottles for bending concrete elements, elaboration of proposals for the deformation method of calculation of PET fibrobone bent elements. In this research the experimental methods for determining the bending strength of prisms, reinforced by fibrous, trips and PET waste tapes; methods of materials resistance theory have been used. During the research, two concrete prisms of 400x100x10 mm were constructed and tested for compression together with two concrete prisms of three-point bend for a run of 350 mm, two PET-fibrous concrete prisms for bending with percentages of reinforcement in volume of 1% and 1, 5% and two prisms for bending, reinforced with glued PET strips, with 1% reinforcement per section area. As a disperse reinforcement, pre-fabricated PET bottles of 50x3x0.2 mm were used, designed in way that the required length of sealing in the concrete is no longer than half the length of the fibers. Strip fittings are made of 4 fragments of PET bottles of 200x80x0.25 mm in size, glued with cyanacrylate adhesive with each other, and 2 fragments of 120x80x0.2 mm in size, which glued on both ends to 4 glued sheets with a length of 30 mm. Thus, the total length of the reinforcing strip is equal to 380 mm. At the final sections of the tapes, 6 openings with a diameter of 5 mm were punched to improve the anchoring. The reinforcing strips were placed in the forms located 10 mm from the lower edge. According to the results of the tests, the average cubic strength of concrete is 31.21 MPa, of prisms - 23.23 MPa, the initial module of deformation - 28.02·103 MPa. The flexural strength of prisms without a fibre is 58.54 kN·cm, with 1% fibers in volume - 64.31 kN·cm, with 1.5% fibers in volume - 71.84 kN·cm, and of prisms, reinforced with glued PET ribbons – 79.80 kN·cm. As a result of the tests, it was demonstrated that the strength of the tapes was not used properly, and the fracture was fragile due to the loss of adhesion to concrete. Analysis of the results of experimental studies allowed us to develop a deformation methodology of calculating PET-fiber-concrete bending elements.

Distributed Co-Simulation of Complex Engineered Systems by Combining the High Level Architecture and Functional Mock-up Interface

Modern Complex Engineered Systems (CES) are the result of the ever-growing advances in science and technology that involve new paradigms, architectures and functionalities derived from multiple domains. Due to the nature of CES, which are composed of many heterogeneous components often designed and manufactured by organizations belonging to different engineering domains, is difficult to handle their whole lifecycle through classical Modeling and Simulation (M&S) techniques. To manage this complexity, it is necessary the definition of more suitable techniques capable of addressing, in an integrated way, the issues of reusability, interoperability and distribution of CES simulation models. In this context, great benefits may come from the joint exploitation of Distributed Simulation (DS) and Co-Simulation approaches. To concretely explore this opportunity, this article proposes a solution that relies on the integration of the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) and the IEEE 1516 - High Level Architecture (HLA) standard. To prove the feasibility and validity of the defined solution, a case study concerning a scenario in the context of the Simulation Exploration Experience (SEE) international project, led by NASA, is also presented.

From Product to Dust: Looking at the Ways to Regenerate Value in Product Life Cycle

AbstractThe shift from linear to circular patterns is on the way and rise many questions. In the last ten years, reuse and upcycling are gaining more attention. Since reduce and reuse were describe as a priority by the European Union, some leading projects are unveiled in different countries. Scale and quality of those projects push the reuse issue out of the shadow, far from original prejudices who associate waste and reuse to « poverty » and « Do It Yourself ». Although Reuse emerge as a prominent question, the idea and boundaries of « what is reuse » appears to be blur and not clearly understood. This situation lead to general incomprehension, even for professionals. Reuse, repurpose, upcycling and recycling are usually considered to wear the same meaning despite a huge difference on what it implies.In this paper we will examine these different notions through a pedagogical case study. We will draw the different ways to regenerate value at all steps of product life cycle in a precise manner. This allows to better insight the meaning of those issues in the case of student design education. In the same time, it aims to be a tool for teaching sustainable design and waste management.

Practical Issue of Botulinum Toxin use Liquid Type, Storage and Reuse

Botulinum toxin (BTX) has been widely used to treat muscle spasms in many voice disorders. Most commercially available forms of BTX require reconstitution before use, which may increase the risk of contamination and requires careful titration. Recently, a liquid-type BTX type A (BTX-A) has been developed, which should simplify the procedure and enhance its efficacy. In this session, I will discuss about the differences of BTX-A from existing types and the practical issues associated with it. Key words: Botulinum toxin ㆍ Dysphonia ㆍ Spasm 핵심용어: 보툴리눔 ㆍ ë ì†Œ ㆍ 액상형

Adaptive Reuse of Apartments as Heritage Assets in the Seoul Station Urban Regeneration Area

Apartments were crucial solutions to provide sufficient dwellings and to improve residential environment quality in the period after the Korean War. Thirty years after the first rush of apartment construction, many of those apartments have been demolished. However, several small-scale apartment complexes or single-building apartments without collective estates were not included in reconstruction efforts due to property, ownership, and reconstruction feasibility issues. Four such apartments remain in the Seoul Station Urban Regeneration Area. Although they are considered severely deteriorated, their architectural, historical, and cultural heritage values warrant inclusion in the Seoul Future Heritage list. From the perspective of urban regeneration, these apartments should be targeted for revitalization not only to preserve their originality but to improve the quality of sustainable building conditions and operations. In this study, we examine Choongjeong Apartment, Hoehyeon Civic Apartment, St.Joseph Apartment, and Seosomun Apartment in terms of balance among six heritage values and their improvement needs, as well as possible revitalization strategies that support sustainable urban regeneration in the area. We argue that their physical conditions can be brought up to applicable building codes, if financial support is forthcoming and numerous decision-makers allow. However, sustainable revitalization of apartments requires examination of factors affecting adaptive reuse. Through a literature and data collection review within an analysis framework, we analyze factors and issues for adaptive reuse of the four apartments. It is expected that the findings of this paper will provide insight into the role of various actors determining and taking actions for strategic physical interventions and change of uses.

Digital Editions of Text

This article presents the findings of a web survey designed to better understand the expectations and use of digital editions of texts. The survey, modelled upon a detailed analysis of 242 projects, recorded 218 complete responses, shedding light on user requirements of digital editions. Specifically, the survey indicates that issues of data reuse, licensing, image availability, and comprehensive documentation are the most requested features of digital editions, although ones which seldom are provided. This analysis feeds into previous studies on good practice in building Digital Humanities resources and puts forward practical recommendations for both creators and funders of digital editions in an effort to promote a stronger consideration of user needs. This survey will be of interest to those who produce digital editions of texts, including developers and engineers, and will also be of interest to those who commission and fund these projects, such as universities, libraries, and archives, whose documentary collections are often showcased in digital editions.

An ethnography of policy: water reuse policy in Kenya

Abstract Water scarcity and inadequate infrastructure for sanitation are two challenges that are emblematic to Kenya and other developing nations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Under such circumstances, water reuse has the potential to address these challenges but only under a favourable policy environment. In this paper, policy documents were considered as the ethnographic object to understand how people talk about water reuse in Kenya through policies, plans, regulations and guidelines. Using a general inductive approach to content analysis, the findings suggest that Kenya's policy on water reuse has progressed, especially in the recognition of the potential of reused water for addressing water scarcity, pollution, cleaner industrial production, food production, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. While many of the water reuse issues have been discussed under water and irrigation, environment and industrialization, other key sectors such as food and agriculture, housing, urban development and health remain silent on water reuse. Therefore, there is a need to take water reuse conversations beyond the water, environment, and industrialisation sectors if we are to address the water supply and wastewater management issues. Likewise, the study reminds us of the importance of foregrounding public perception and harmonized institutional arrangements in the success of water reuse in the country.

Syringe Reuse Issues in Automated Contrast Injection System in Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Syringe Reuse Issues in Automated Contrast Injection System in Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The Effect of Different Compatibilizers on the Properties of a Post-Industrial PC/PET Blend.

The substitution of virgin resins by recycled ones is a worldwide tendency that is supported by the fluctuation of oil prices and the transition to a circular economy. Polymeric blends have been intensively studied because of their ability to provide tailored properties for particular applications. However, in their design phases, the issue of end-life re-use had not been well addressed, and now difficulties in their recycling are arising. In this study, we investigated the effect of three different compatibilizers: two chain extenders (CEs), (1) a styrene-acrylic oligomer (ESAo), and (2) methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and an impact strength modifier, (3) an ethylene copolymer (EMAco), for the recycle of a post-industrial polycarbonate/polyethylene terephthalate (PC/PET) blend. The materials were prepared by reactive extrusion and characterized by intrinsic viscosity (IV) measurements, mechanical tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The introduction of each additive has been demonstrated to improve the compatibility between PET and PC in the post-industrial blend, leading to enhanced mechanical properties. The IV measurements increased to values that were comparable to the virgin material. In addition, CEs affected the crystallization of PET (as they reduced the degree of crystallinity), while EMAco acted as a nucleating agent. Morphological analysis enabled confirming the compatibilization effects induced by the tested additives.