Issue Of Human Trafficking Research Articles

RESPON KERAJAAN MALAYSIA TERHADAP PEMERDAGANGAN MANUSIA, 2010-2015

This article aims at discussing the Malaysian government’s response towards human traffings in Malaysia from 2010-2015. The study was based on qualitative method by referring various data. The findings show that human traffing in Malaysia has been emeanated from various factors that include individual victims, themselves, or external factors. This human trafficking has to some extent, led to the emergence of negative perception, and tarnished the image of the country. As such the Malaysian government has introduced policy blueprints for combating the human trafficking. This blueprint is important to examine how serious is the government in combating the crossedcountryhuman trafficking. Law enforcement which has been carried out by the government agencies is one of the responses that was provided by the Government. With the strong collaboration from Anti trafficking council and anti migrants muggling (MAPO), enforcement agencies which have been perceived as commited and mutually assiting in the case of human trafficking issues. The government was severely critized by the USA in the human trafficking issues for being unable to exercise the standard requirements which was agreed among the USA. However due to enhancement and commited cooperation with Non-Governmnet Organizations, Malaysian government has attempted to provide the protection for vistims as coicided with meeting the USA reqirement and refine the better tier position of Malaysiain the world.

Using design thinking and innovation camps to combat forced labour: A case example: Myślenie kreatywne i obozy innowacyjne, jako instrumenty eliminowania pracy przymusowej - studium przypadku

Educating young people on the risks of forced labour is not only one of the most critical duties in eradicating human trafficking, but due to its clandestine nature, it is also one of the most challenging. Drawing on practical experiences in Colombia, the authors exalt the value of integrating co-creation and innovation tools to promote a more effective, meaningful, and impactful knowledge transfer on forced labour between education disciplines This article, therefore, begins by presenting a descriptive overview of the application of design thinking and innovation camps. Next, the article approximates the application of those methods and instruments in teaching the issue of human trafficking, including forced labour. Then, it examines the opportunities of using design thinking and social innovation camps to educate a new generation with the knowledge, skills, and power to disrupt forced labour. Finally, this article concludes that design thinking and innovation camps are practical methods and instruments to create alternative learning environments to educate the next generation of young changemakers capable of disrupting forced labour through innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology.

Ending Human Trafficking in India- A Much- Awaited Goal

Discussion on the issue of human trafficking in 21st century is definitely quite shameful as the entire worldis transformed into a small place due to globalization. Not only in India, but in almost all the countries ofthe world, this worst form of crime is still existing in some form or other. Through this paper the author hasattempted to analyze the reasons for prevalence of this crime in India even after having concerted effortsby the successive governments to completely eradicate the evil through statutory enactments. Being thesecond largest populous country of the world and having been invaded by a number of foreign invaders, thecountry always suffered in its socio-economic growth. The demographic feature of the country is certainlyanother disadvantage that makes it quite difficult for the governmental schemes to reach the poor peopleliving in the rear ends of the country. Another reason affecting the economy is the refugees coming into thecountry through its porous borders and making it their permanent shelter and expecting their shares from thelimited resources available for the countrymen. It is, in fact, a matter of grave concern that even after havingseveral enactments to deal with human trafficking, still the country is witnessing its prevalence in a largerscale. Prior to the enactment of the Indian Constitution, the Constitution makers too took it very seriouslyfor which traffic in human beings or any forms of forced labour were inserted to be prohibited under Article23. The judiciary has also taken stringent views to eradicate the crime of human trafficking through strictinterpretation of the legislative provisions. But unfortunately it is not being eradicated till today, for which itbecomes imperative for all to introspect the entire system responsible for prevalence of such crime.

Neoliberal Globalization, Human Trafficking, and Human Security in Japan

The issues of human trafficking and human security have been inadequately addressed in the study of political economy. How and whose human security could be assessed when considering political economy of human trafficking? This paper investigates this question, especially how contemporary globalization causes human exploitation that exacerbates human insecurity. Trafficking is a global phenomenon, the origin of which could be found in the global capitalist system. This paper examines human trafficking against the backdrop of this system that is enhanced by neoliberal globalization. While debate on prostitution, migration, criminal approach, and human rights has been at the center of anti-trafficking literature and policy initiatives in Asia, the paper argues that human trafficking is the result of human insecurity and vice versa, which could be better explained through global political economy, particularly in Japan.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM OF MODERN SLAVERY

Modern slavery is gradually becoming one of the most widespread crimes in the world. A conscious understanding of the issue is an extremely important part of the process of tackling this problem. The aim of this work is to introduce the reader to the issue of human trafficking and its most common forms. The phenomenon splits in to the following main branches: sex trafficking, forced labour, debt bondage, domestic servitude, forced marriage, forced criminality and organ harvesting. Modern-day slavery happens all around us and at a surprisingly high rate.

Increasing and Reduction Factors in the Issue of Human Trafficking in Malaysia from the Perspective of Enforcement

The issue of human trafficking is a global issue that plagues most countries in the world, including Malaysia. This article aims to discuss the qualitative analysis findings on the factors that influence the issue of human trafficking in Malaysia from the perspective of enforcement. This study is an analysis of data obtained from in-depth interviews with five informants among the authorities who are directly involved in dealing with human trafficking issues. Based on the findings from the interviews conducted, the factors that influence the issue of human trafficking in Malaysia can be divided into two, namely, factors that influence the increase and factors that influence the reduction of the issue. Factors influencing the increase in human trafficking issues comprise economic factors in Malaysia and poverty factors of the victims in their country of origin while factors influencing the reduction in these issues are community awareness factors as well as operational and enforcement factors.

Deciphering a Strategy to Combat Reiterating Human Trafficking Gangs: A Case Study of the Rohingya Minority in Southern Thailand

Human trafficking has spread across the global and ASEAN regions, including Thailand as the one of members which has several forms of human trafficking. The study found that human trafficking of the Rohingya minority in the southern area has a unique aspect, from the growth of its organization, the process and the enormous volume of income it generates. Aims: This research has explored the roots of human trafficking issues in southern Thailand using case studies of the Rohingya ethnic minority. Research has also searched the connection of Social Security and human trafficking, which can provide solutions in the southern area. There is still no empirical research available about the Rohingya minority’s association with human trafficking issues in the south of Thailand. Qualitative research with in-depth interviews of experienced victims, experts and senior officials was carried out. Place and duration of the study is southern Thailand, from June 2016 to July 2019.
 Human trafficking has spread across the global and ASEAN regions, including Thailand as the one of members which has several forms of human trafficking. The study found that human trafficking of the Rohingya minority in the southern area has a unique aspect, from the growth of its organization, the process and the enormous volume of income it generates. Aims: This research has explored the roots of human trafficking issues in southern Thailand using case studies of the Rohingya ethnic minority. Research has also searched the connection of Social Security and human trafficking, which can provide solutions in the southern area. There is still no empirical research available about the Rohingya minority’s association with human trafficking issues in the south of Thailand. Qualitative research with in-depth interviews of experienced victims, experts and senior officials was carried out. Place and duration of the study is southern Thailand, from June 2016 to July 2019.
 The data collection process involved interviews with a semi-private structure and interviews of 19 Rohingya people, law enforcement officers and high‐level security officer, which found that the staff engaged in combatting trafficking had a problem in their knowledge of human trafficking crimes. The problem is they are not aware of Thai transnational crime organizations and their impact on the human rights of people and communities in the southern provinces. Results from the research show a significant key to assisting policy and law enforcement authorities, and also provide alternatives that can help protect people such as Rohingyas and to conduct litigation for those who seek justice. The discovery also builds trust in the Thai government to adjust the application of policy through the theory of security and organized crime related to human trafficking of the Rohingya ethnic minority, and to form up suggestions for policy‐makers that can be used to deal with human trafficking problem in the southern Thailand region.

Trafficking in Human Beings for Forced Labour. Contemporary Trends and Threats

The article is devoted to the issue of human trafficking in legal and criminological terms, with particular emphasis on the exploitation of victims of the crime for work or forced services. The author introduces the essence of forced labour by reaching for many of its legal definitions contained in legal acts in the rank of conventions, as well as ordinary laws. At the same time, it highlights the factors that characterize the type of work indicated and allow to distinguish it from other types of violations, including violation of employee rights. The phenomenon of human trafficking is shown through the prism of its current evaluation tendencies, both globally and regionally (European, and especially EU). To this end, the author presents statistical data collected in recent years by, inter alia, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the International Labour Organization, the International Organization for Migration and the European Commission. She emphasizes, however, that the actual scale of the aforementioned crime remains unknown. A significant part of the discussion focuses on the issue of human trafficking in modern Poland, showing the scale of the dealings in question, diagnosed in recent years by law enforcement agencies. A lot of attention is also paid to the spectrum of crime threats on the Polish labour market from the perspective of foreigners. Thus, with particular care, she considers the problem of violating the employment rights of Ukrainian citizens as the largest group of foreigners illegally employed in Poland. She also shows the legal situation in this area of the citizens of Belarus, Moldova, India and Russia. She discusses this issue in the context of activities of the National Labour Inspectorate included in the audit report for 2017. The author further scientific interest includes the issue of criminalization of human trafficking in selected countries around the world. In this respect, it refers primarily to legal regulations contained in the Latvian, Hungarian, Swiss, Finnish, Ukrainian and Liechtenstein penal codes. The author’s ambition was to present the indicated issues in a concise manner, while also taking into account its most important aspects.

Meeting the Healthcare Needs of Sex Trafficked Youth in Rhode Island

The issue of human trafficking is one that has gained traction in the public consciousness in recent years and can manifest in various forms across the human experience. One specific subset, domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST), refers to the “recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act,” where the individual is younger than the age of 18, an American citizen or legal resident, and involved within the borders of the United States. While all children and adolescents are vulnerable to exploitation by virtue of their age and stage of brain development, those with a personal history of adverse childhood experiences appear to be at the highest risk. Factors commonly linked with subsequent DMST involvement include sexual abuse, household dynamics necessitating child protective services, and social dysfunction resulting in runaway and/or homeless youth.

Single Pursuer and Two Cooperative Evaders in the Border Defense Differential Game

An interest in border defense, surveillance, and interdiction has recently increased for a variety of reasons related to issues of illegal immigration, terrorism, drug and human trafficking, and other potential threats. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer an attractive alternative to supporting and defending various threats at borders. This paper applies a differential game to define a border defense scenario where one UAV (pursuer) seeks to capture two intruders (evaders) before they reach a designated border. The evaders can be UAVs, marine or ground vehicles, or human agents, but they have a lower maximum speed than the pursuer throughout the game. Simple motion is assumed for the pursuer and evaders with complete state information shared across all agents. The game is played within a rectangular area with a parallel top and bottom border of length and left and right borders with a length of , for a game aspect ratio of . The value of the game is the minimum distance to the bottom border achieved by the evaders at any time before capture of both evaders. Within the region where the pursuer wins, the game of degree is explored and the optimal policy for both the evaders and pursuer is derived using geometric properties.

Socio-economic Impacts of Human Trafficking among West Asia Returnee Young Women in West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

The impacts of human trafficking are currently high across the world albeit different policies are designed to combat it. Yet, governments are not working hard practically and jointly as they write strategies and programs on the paper to reduce the impacts of women trafficking. Even though men are victims of human trafficking, scholars agree that women are the most vulnerable to human trafficking. This study describes the socio-economic impacts of human trafficking among the west Asia returnee young women in Ethiopia by taking Oromia Region’s West Shewa zone as a case study. The study used the mixed-method approach. A descriptive case study research design was applied for a detailed description of the socio-economic impacts of human trafficking among west Asia returnee young women. Feminism theory was employed to scrutinize the oppression of young women. The finding reveals that human trafficking caused the divorce of marriage and exposed children to the street because of unwise savings and disagreement of spouses; psychological and physical threats of young women on the way to work, at the workplace and after return; wastage of income as a result of saving money in the wrong place; economic crisis because young women had to pay back the loan to brokers – traffickers – and could not repay the money for lenders; and school dropout. From the finding, it is concluded that although young women exposed to human trafficking by the vision of having their job in the future and the income they could generate in West Asia. They had a dream to improve their lives, they could not realize their dream since they were unable to save the money thereby leading them to social and economic crises. Hence, it is recommended that issues of human trafficking should be incorporated into the school curriculum, at least at the elementary level, so that young women get better awareness about the negative consequences of human trafficking and abstain from traffickers. It is also recommended that young women who work abroad legally should open their formal bank account to save their wages to escape social and economic crises when they return.

Justice and Civil Liberties on Sex Work in Contemporary International Human Rights Law

To fulfil obligations in international law State parties have to take the issue of human trafficking seriously. The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) provides General Recommendations (GR) to member states on the interpretation of the Women’s Convention. In 2018 the CEDAW Committee started to develop a GR on trafficking in women and girls in a process planned to conclude in 2020. The first stage towards this was through the publication of a Concept Note to serve as a basis for dialogue during the two-year international consultation period. The Concept Note is a vital link in a textual chain because it frames the policy problem and actively constructs its own ‘documentary reality’. This article provides a critical analysis of the CEDAW Concept Note on the grounds that such analysis provides an understanding of its discursive construction of trafficking, migrant labour and sex work, by an institution responsible for international jurisprudence on human rights. Analysis of the Concept Note explores the documentary constructions including narratives that merge adult women with girls, the symbolism of exploitation, the silencing of scientific research, the elision of sex worker voices, and sex work as work. The analysis leads us to conclude that the General Recommendation should define what counts as ‘exploitation’, and ‘forced labour’, and address the growing international recognition of best evidence on the wider impact of sex work laws, in order that legal framing and constructions of sex trafficking are not erroneously used to curtail rights of sex workers.

The response and protection of migrant victims against human trafficking for sexual exploitation

오늘날 우리는 다양한 국가 출신의 이주민들과 함께 살아간다. 이러한 이주의 흐름에서 문제되는 현상이 바로 “(초국가적) 인신매매”(human trafficking 혹은 trafficking in persons)이다. 이주여성은 범죄에 취약한데, 국경을 넘는 조직범죄의 하나로, 인신매매의 피해자가 되곤 한다. 이러한 인신매매의 문제가 국경 내에서 해결하기 어려운 국제사회 협력이 필요한 문제가 되었다. 유엔은 인신매매에 대한 최초의 합의로, 2000년 초국가적 조직범죄를 방지하기 위한 ‘초국가적 조직범죄에 대응하는 유엔 협약’(United nations convention against transnational organized crime)의 부속서로 ‘인신매매, 특히 여성과 아동의 인신매매 방지, 억제 및 처벌을 위한 의정서’(Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, 2000)를 채택하였다. 인신매매방지의정서는 인신매매 방지의정서 수준으로 모든 회원국의 국내법 개정을 요구하여, 이에 부응하여 2013년 형법상 인신매매죄가 개정된 바 있다. 본고에서는 근래 한국 사회에서 쟁점이 된 이주민 대상 인신매매의 문제를 성적 착취 목적 인신매매로 한정하여 살펴보았다. 여성에 대한 인신매매의 큰 비중을 차지하는 ‘성적 착취’ 목적 인신매매에 대한 인식과 적절한 대응이 필요하다고 보고 피해자 보호 방안을 정책적인 방안과 법률적인 방안으로 나누어 서술하였다.In the era of migration, migrants from various countries live together in Korean society. In the past, the factors behind the influx of migrants have often been attributed to Korean society s labor force and lack of spouses. Nowadays the spread of Korean culture, so-called Hallyu have led the loyalty towards Korea, which is also a factor promoting the influx of migrants. Actually, a growing number of foreigners are visiting Korea because of its good culture. You can meet foreigners even if you go to small cities as well as Seoul. It is not strange anymore to them to move to Korea, settle down and start a living. But there s a new problem that is emerging in the era of migration, which is human trafficking or trafficking in person. Under the feminization of migration, one of the organized crimes beyond the borders has led to the problem of human trafficking. For this reason, an international agreement has been sought to prevent transnational organized crime and human trafficking, UN adopted Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children in 2000 as an annex of United nations convention against transnational organized crime. In this paper, I described the issue of human trafficking for sexual exploitation and the protection of migrant victims, which has become an issue in Korean society. Human trafficking is a serious crime that violates human dignity. This paper examined the influx of Korean immigrants and proposed measures to respond to the current law on human trafficking for sexual exploitation and to protect victims. As a political measure, I proposed to prepare criteria for identifying victims of human trafficking, to provide opportunities for victims and their families to stay and work in Korea, to prepare criteria for returning and settling victims, and to educate and promote the prevention of human trafficking. Legal measures were also proposed to revise the current Act on the punishment of arrangement of commercial sex acts. etc. I proposed to revise the concept of human trafficking for sex trafficking purposes and introduce special provisions for victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation.

Trafficking and Technology: Exploring the Role of Digital Communication Technologies in the Belgian Human Trafficking Business

Over the past few years, the agenda-topping issue of human trafficking is increasingly bracketed with the use of digital technologies. Though the trafficking-technology nexus is a growing area of public and policy concern, as far as empirical research is concerned, the subject is still a relatively open field. As a result, quite a few unknowns regarding the interaction between technological developments and trafficking in persons remain unresolved. In this context, the present research paper principally aims to build on the existent body of literature in order to broaden our comprehension of the matter at hand. Based on a systematic literature review and interviews with convicted offenders as well as anti-trafficking practitioners in Belgium, this paper presents an overview of the various ways in which technology can be leveraged both in the perpetration and the counteraction of human trafficking activities. In addition, the question of how technology relates to the traditional workings of trafficking is considered from a cyber-criminological point of view. That is, a connection is drawn between the use of technological tools by human traffickers and our current understanding of the business of trafficking in persons.

Design‐Led Social Innovation in Human Trafficking

Operation Compass is an ongoing ethnographic research study, and this paper is focused on phase two: integrating a social impact framework into the foundation of Operation Compass to develop design interventions for the complex social justice issue of human trafficking. In order to develop the parameters of a foundational framework, we need to (1) develop an understanding of the ethos of the existing social system among the service providers in the fight against human trafficking, (2) define key factors from existing frameworks that could potentially apply to Operation Compass, and (3) define necessary collaborations of formal and informal partners. Established organizations have provided a structure to the nature of wicked problems related to human trafficking, thus providing a space for Operation Compass to develop an understanding of the ethos of entities involved in the fight against human trafficking. The partnerships we have, both formal and informal, have been an integral aspect of our work and have afforded us the opportunity to expand upon the limitations of the first phase. This understanding has benefited our collaborations and partners and will be implemented into the foundational framework of Operation Compass. The ability to convey to social service agencies the value of design interventions has been a social impact process—not only because of the topic of focus but also, more importantly, due to the nature of our collaborations and partnerships.

Art for peace

In this our modern times, many people, although not in every geography, had to live with wars and conflicts. Peace has always been the object of purchase, even if art cannot afford to prevent the war. Violence and war have become commonplace for everyone, especially for children. Exile, immigration, refugee, human trafficking issues, which have become a problem of the world as a result of war and violence, await solutions. Institutions, states and global organisations are trying to take big economic and social measures towards these problems; however the unresolved problems of the endless wars, the issues of war continue to be the main item of the agenda. For instance, the arts of Otto Dix, Kathe Kollwitz or our current days artists Tammam Azzam and Banksy. This study emphasises the belief that the art has a unifying, healing power, and therefore Art for Peace will continue to be made.
 Keywords: Contemporary art, peace, war, art.

PEMERDAGANGAN MANUSIA DI MALAYSIA : ISU DAN USAHA MEMBANTERAS

Human trafficking is an issue that strikes the world globally. This shows that the world is facing human trafficking conflict and requires concern from all parties in the effort to end it. The issue of human trafficking is a global issue that affects most of the countries in the world. This situation calls for government’s efforts from all the countries that involve in this issue including the Malaysian government. The method of writing for a review of efforts to combat human trafficking in Malaysia is based on a qualitative approach, through content analysis of sources of governmental reports, scientific journals, books, articles, and related newspapers. This article is expected to contribute to the corpus of knowledge as well as to provide an understanding of the issues and efforts taken by the government in addressing the issues of human trafficking in Malaysia.

Imago Dei

This paper examines the close connection between the domain of biblical interpretation and the communal sphere, which is comprised of living data that serves as starting point for scriptural interpretation. The yield of such interpretations serves as an important contribution for a church seeking proactively to address and resolve various urgent concerns in the current context. This essay considers one such crisis needing to be addressed: the issue of human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara, with specific regard to how female victims of human trafficking have been torn apart by the variegated forms of oppression they have undergone. By looking to Genesis 1:26-27, with its emphasis on the concept of imago Dei, this paper demonstrates just how useful is a postcolonial approach to reading scripture, namely in the case of female victims who are reconsidering the manner in which they regard and understand themselves; no less than are men, women too are created in the image of God and, therefore, have in the sight of God an equality and parity of status with men. Equality and parity become a strong foundation upon which to resist every effort to debase the dignity and value of women. Furthermore, this article highlights the role of the community, namely as an agential collective set to oppose any attempt to rob fellow human beings of their claim, namely as living persons created according to God’s image.

Caring for trafficked and unidentified patients in the EHR shadows: Shining a light by sharing the data.

ObjectiveHealthcare providers have key roles in the prevention of, detection of, and interventions for human trafficking. Yet caring for trafficked persons is particularly challenging: patients whose identities are unknown, unreliable, or false could receive subpar care from providers delivering care in a vacuum of relevant information. The application of precision medicine principles and integration of biometric data (including genetic information) could facilitate patient identification, enable longitudinal medical records, and improve continuity and quality of care for this vulnerable patient population. Scant empirical data exist regarding healthcare system preparedness and care for the needs of this vulnerable population nor data on perspectives on the use and risks of biometrics or genetic information for trafficked patients.MethodsTo address this gap, we conducted mixed-methods research involving semi-structured interviews with key informants, which informed a subsequent broad survey of physicians and registered nurses.ResultsOur findings support the perception that trafficked persons obtain care yet remain unnoticed or undocumented in the electronic health record. Our survey findings further reveal that healthcare providers remain largely unaware of human trafficking issues and are inadequately prepared to provide patient-centered care for trafficked and unidentified patients.ConclusionMeaningful efforts to design and implement precision medicine initiatives in an inclusive way that optimizes impacts are unlikely to succeed without concurrent efforts to increase general awareness of and preparedness to care for trafficked persons. Additional research is needed to examine properly the potential utility for biometrics to improve the delivery of care for trafficked patients.

PERAN UNIT COUNTER TRAFFICKING INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) DALAM MENANGANI ANCAMAN KEAMANAN NON-TRADISIONAL (PERDAGANGAN TKI ILEGAL) DI PROVINSI NTB

The problem of human trafficking under the guise of illegal TKI trade (Human Trafficking) is still a crime that can threaten human security throughout the world including in Indonesia and more particularly in four districts in West Nusa Tenggara, West Lombok, Central Lombok Regency, East Lombok Regency, and North Lombok Regency. IOM Indonesia's Counter Trafficking Unit is one of the international organizations that have the task of dealing with human trafficking issues. With the sense of need to play an active role in overcoming the problem of illegal TKI trade in NTB, therefore Counter Trafficking Unit cooperates with NTB government to jointly seek various strategies to create human security in the form of illegal kindergarten trade in four districts namely West Lombok regency, Central Lombok, East Lombok Regency, and North Lombok Regency of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The methodology used by researchers in this research is qualitative method with descriptive technique. This method according to the researchers will be able to describe and explore problems that occur systematically, valid, factual and accurate. Furthermore, the main purpose of this research is to see how the role of Counter Trafficking Unit in assisting NTB Government to overcome the illegal trade of migrant workers by Traffickers (Calo/ PJTKI) in NTB. The conclusion of this research is IOM Counter Trafficking Unit has a role set in handling the problem of illegal TKI trade in NTB, ie as role expection, strengthening of role conception, establishing partnership with NTB government from 2001 -2018.