Issue Of Complementarity Research Articles

Ustanawianie obecności jako mechanizm przywództwa politycznego. Przykład Szymona Hołowni

ESTABLISHING PRESENCE AS A MECHANISM OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP: THE EXAMPLE OF SZYMON HOŁOWNIA The article touches upon building the political leadership of Szymon Hołownia, which is analysed in the light of the interactive theory of the emergence of leaders. The issues of complementarity of the needs of the leader and his voters and their mental matching are indicated, including research within the framework of the A Congruency Model of Political Preference (Caprara, Zimbardo). Establishing a presence by Szymon Hołownia via social media is a process in which he exposes content referring to the psychological and cultural sphere to a greater extent and to the sphere of politics to a lesser extent.

Extension of a Unique Solution in Generalized Neutrosophic Cone Metric Spaces

In order to solve issues that arise in various branches of mathematical analysis, such as split feasibility problems, variational inequality problems, nonlinear optimization issues, equilibrium problems, complementarity issues, selection and matching problems, and issues proving the existence of solutions to integral and differential equations, fixed point theory provides vital tools. In this study, we discuss topological structure and several fixed-point theorems in the context of generalized neutrosophic cone metric spaces. In these spaces, the symmetric properties play an important role. We examine the existence and a uniqueness of a solution by utilizing new types of contraction mappings under some circumstances. We provide an example in which we show the existence and a uniqueness of a solution by utilizing our main result. These results are more generalized in the existing literature.

The Choice of Contract-enforcement Institutions: A Review

All public- and private-order institutions have strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the enforcement of contracts. In general, the availability of a low-cost legal system and multilateral reputation institutions is found to be more important for the long-term development of a country than bilateral reputation and private enforcement. The efficiency and cost of institutions differ considerably from place to place. The studies have observed that the cost of using private-order institutions is often lower than public-order institutions in underdeveloped economies. While the existing literature has substantially added to our understanding of contract-enforcement institutions, the issue of complementarity among these institutions has only recently received attention. Investigating this issue may considerably enhance our understanding of enforcement institutions and their economic impact. JEL: K12, K42

Why is The Hague Sitting on the Fence in Prosecuting Boko Haram Terrorism in Nigeria?

Abstract On 18 November, 2010 a preliminary examination of the situation in Nigeria was announced and for almost a decade, investigation has not yet begun. Ten potential cases have been identified, seven for Boko Haram and three for Nigerian Security Forces (NSF). This article investigates whether issues of complementarity and admissibility provide any legal barriers capable of withholding investigation; and whether granting national amnesty to Boko Haram can hinder investigation and prosecution by the International Criminal Court. It employs a qualitative methodological approach for investigation and evaluation regarding the issues discussed. It argues that the situation in Nigeria has met the entire legal framework for investigation and prosecution to proceed and that the arrest of Abubakar Shekau, Abu Musab AlBarnawi, and Abu Abdullahi Ibn Umar al-Barnawi, the Boko Haram leaders will weaken the group, and provide the needed external help and intervention desired to end the terrorism.

The Complementary Effect between Private Consumption and Government Spending: Effect on the Economy

This paper analyzes the relationship between final consumption and government spending, using the correlation and linear regression model. The objective of the research is whether government expenditures are complementary, substitute, or not related to private consumption to give positive effects on the economy. Methodology, quantitative secondary data were obtained from the World Bank, for five countries and processed with SPSS, 21. The empirical analysis was verified through, Bivariate and Partial correlation and normality test. The Result, first, shows that government spending complements and replaces final consumption. Second, it is also confirmed that even when interacting with other variables, the complementary effect of final consumption is not eliminated despite the shocks coming from government spending. Third, by adding other variables to the model, the issue of complementarity and substitutability of the two main variables is not lost. As a result, findings, confirm that private consumption (InCt) and government spending (InGt), Gross Savings (GS), and per capita income (GDPpc), are in statistically significant and positive relationships with each other. The novelty of the paper is, government expenditures cause an increase in private consumption is to high value, showing the complementary effect of government expenditures on private consumption. Based on health expenditures, education, public order, internet provided by the state have increased the demand of families for these services, causing an increase in the share of services provided by the private sector.JEL Classification: E21; H5; E2; R0. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01292 Full Text: PDF

APUNCAC: An International Convention to Fight Corruption, Money Laundering, and Terrorist Financing

Abstract This article explains how corruption, money laundering, and terrorist financing could be addressed through an Anticorruption Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (APUNCAC). APUNCAC seeks to establish United Nations inspectors, dedicated anticorruption courts, and aggressive measures to fight corruption, including requirements to obtain and report accurate beneficial owner information when funds are transmitted internationally. This information is needed to deter money laundering. APUNCAC would allow private litigants to commence a Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) civil action and recover three times the amount of their damages. These provisions create financial incentives for private litigants to fight corruption through civil actions. The provisions leverage private interests and align these interests in the fight against corruption. APUNCAC also includes treaty provisions designed to ensure that APUNCAC is implemented as intended. This article addresses the issue of complementarity. APUNCAC is designed to complement, rather than replace, existing domestic institutions.

Cash transfers and the supply of labor by poor households: Evidence from the livelihood empowerment against poverty program in Ghana

AbstractThe Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) program is Ghana's first social protection program to provide cash and health insurance to the poor and vulnerable. This study looks beyond the direct impact of the program and examines the indirect impacts on labor transitions as well as the engagement of children and the elderly in the labor market. The study employs the combined propensity score matching and difference‐in‐difference technique to obtain robust estimates in examining the effect of the cash transfer program on labor shifts of beneficiaries. Overall, the paper finds that cash transfer programs can have productive impacts and dismisses the assertion that such grants end up making beneficiaries perpetually dependent. The heterogeneous analysis provides evidence that the results are differentiated by age but not by gender. Based on the evidence from this study, we recommend that as LEAP continues to expand and reach more beneficiaries in poor districts, it needs to ensure that the issue of complementarity of poverty reduction programs is a key feature of its design. Indeed, findings from the study point to the fact that graduation from cash transfer is possible and therefore, programs must seek to maximize this potential.

Desenvolvimento regional e complementaridade entre as regiões: Uma análise da matriz de comércio interestadual brasileira nos anos de 2008 e 2011

A despeito da constatação de que o desenvolvimento é um processo irregular e que potencializa áreas e/ou regiões mais dinâmicas, alguns teóricos do chamado desenvolvimento desequilibrado chamam atenção para a questão da complementaridade entre as regiões ao apontarem que, quanto maiores os encadeamentos de uma estrutura produtiva e, consequentemente, maior a complementaridade entre atividades e regiões, maior tende a ser o nível de desenvolvimento das mesmas. Partindo dessa perspectiva e da hipótese de que uma maior integração comercial entre os estados relaciona-se positivamente com maiores níveis de renda, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar os fluxos de comércio interestaduais para o país, mediante a observação das relações comerciais inerentes ao próprio estado, bem como as relações concernentes aos demais nos anos de 2008 e 2011. As informações para construção das análises provêm das matrizes insumo-produto (MIPs) interestaduais de Guilhoto et al. (2010) e Haddad, Gonçalves Júnior e Nascimento (2018), que consistem, respectivamente, na estimação das matrizes de insumo-produto para os vinte e seis estados brasileiros e o Distrito Federal nos anos de 2008 e 2011. A partir da análise empreendida verifica-se que a estrutura de concentração regional do comércio interestadual brasileiro não se modificou significativamente desde 1985. Tais resultados evidenciam o papel concentrador dos fluxos de comércio, polarizados por São Paulo, que exerce forte influência sobre a estrutura espacial e econômica brasileira. Portanto, dada observação do caráter ainda concentrador dos fluxos de comércio, se faz necessária a atuação de políticas públicas que contribuam para a melhoria da integração do mercado nacional.

On the Dynamical 4D BTZ Black Hole Solution in Conformally Invariant Gravity

We review the (2+1)-dimensional Ba\u{n}ados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole solution in conformally invariant gravity, uplifted to (3+1)-dimensional spacetime. As matter content we use a scalar-gauge field. The metric is written as $g_{\mu\nu}=\omega^2\tilde g_{\mu\nu}$, where the {\it dilaton field} $\omega$ contains all the scale dependencies and where $\tilde g_{\mu\nu}$ represents the "un-physical" spacetime. A numerical solution is presented and shows how the dilaton can be treated on equal footing with the scalar field. The location of the apparent horizon and ergo-surface depends critically on the parameters and initial values of the model. It is not a hard task to find suitable initial parameters in order to obtain a regular and {\it singular free} $g_{\mu\nu}$ out of a BTZ-type solution for $\tilde g_{\mu\nu}$. In the vacuum situation, an {\it exact} time-dependent solution in the Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates is found, which is valid for the (2+1)-dimensional BTZ spacetime as well as for the uplifted (3+1)-dimensional BTZ spacetime. While $\tilde g_{\mu\nu}$ resembles the standard BTZ solution with its horizons, $g_{\mu\nu}$ is {\it flat}. The dilaton field becomes an infinitesimal renormalizable quantum field, which switches on and off Hawking radiation. This solution can be used to investigate the small distance scale of the model and the black hole complementarity issues. It can also be used to describe the problem how to map the quantum states of the outgoing radiation as seen by a distant observer and the ingoing by a local observer in a one-to-one way. The two observers will use a different conformal gauge. A possible connection is made with the antipodal identification and unitarity issues.

Is public investment complementary to private investment in Indian agriculture? Evidence from NARDL approach

AbstractThe issue of complementarity between public farm investment and private farm investment in Indian agriculture is an unsettled empirical question in the literature, which has not been studied adequately. Few studies analyzing the trends of both types of investments have produced contradictory results. Thus, this study attempts to bridge that gap, by examining the hypothesis of crowding‐in/crowding‐out effect of public sector investment on private investment. Time series data for a period of 45 years from 1971 to 2015 has been used. Adopting a ‘nonlinear auto‐regressive distributive lag’ (NARDL) model the study confirms a strong crowding‐in effect of public investment on private investment in short run, but relatively a weak complementarity between the two over long‐run. Moreover, the public canal intensity as a major component of public investment has been observed to have much stronger effect on private investment than the public investment itself. It is also found that private investment is constrained by its own lagged values, institutional credit and terms of trade during both short‐run and long‐run. The policy suggestion of this study calls for an immediate arrest of declining trend of public investment.

From concepts to practice: combining different approaches to understand drivers of landscape change

Landscape change and its drivers have been the focus of a growing body of literature in the past years. Our objective is to present different approaches to studying and understanding landscape change. We sketch the way in which different approaches and existing conceptual models are related to spatial scales and epistemological aims, and discuss complementarity and a range of applications with five specific research approaches from a Mediterranean landscape, including approaches at national and European levels. These include an analysis of historical landscape change, an investigation of decision-making processes, public awareness raising, evaluation of landscape services, and provision of policy support with data from published and unpublished material. The findings indicate that on the issue of complementarity, some models work better together with others. A major difference observed is the role that conceptual models and related approaches provide to the “voice” of stakeholders and actors of landscape change, sometimes contradicting, but often complementary. An important issue that comes up is a need for a plurality of research approaches and underlying conceptualizations of human–environment interactions, as the approaches represent different lenses for looking at the human– environmental system that are all abstractions from the full complexity of how decision-making on land use is conducted.

Economic Resources, Financial Aid and Remittances

According to the World Bank, in 2017, an estimated 450 billion US dollars in remittances were sent to Low and Middle Income Countries. This means that the sum of remittances is more than three times larger than the sum of the world's total official aid to the same countries. The practice of sending remittances can be seen as one specific thing that migrants do as part of sustaining ties with their countries of origin. Remittances can be personal gifts, but are often sent in order to support family members and friends in their country of origin living under more difficult economic conditions. Remittances may also be a form of investment or repayments of loans. In this study we use data from the latest Swedish level of living survey LNU-UFB to study the factors influencing the propensity to remit. Using probit estimations, we find that the economic situation of the migrant, demographic variables and the migrants' ties to the home country are important. The propensity to remit also varies by country of origin. With an increasing number of migrants, the propensity to remit will have growing policy implications. It will have implications for Sweden as a donor country, raising issues of complementarity between remittances and official development aid. Migrants' propensity to remit will also be increasingly relevant for Sweden's integration policies, as the motives to remit might shape immigrants' decisions and priorities while settling in Sweden.

Sustainability transformations as shifts in worldviews: a dynamic view of complementarity issues

Sustainability transformations as shifts in worldviews: a dynamic view of complementarity issues

Complementarity and stability conditions

We discuss the issue of complementarity between the confining phase and the Higgs phase for gauge theories in which there are no light particles below the scale of confinement or spontaneous symmetry breaking. We show with a number of examples that even though the low energy effective theories are the same (and trivial), discontinuous changes in the structure of heavy stable particles can signal a phase transition and thus we can sometimes argue that two phases which have different structures of heavy particles that cannot be continuously connected and thus the phases cannot be complementary. We discuss what this means and suggest that such “stability conditions” can be a useful physical check for complementarity.

The Scope of Appeal on Complementarity Issues before the icc

On 27 May 2015, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (icc) issued a judgment on the appeal of Côte d’Ivoire against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber i of 11 December 2014 entitled “Decision on Côte d’Ivoire’s challenge to the admissibility of the case against Simone Gbagbo”. As a result of this decision, the path to prosecute Simone Gbagbo lies open. The Appeals Chamber confirmed the opinion expressed by the Pre-Trial Chamber that there were no obstacles in the form of national prosecutions which would exclude the icc’s jurisdiction pursuant to the principle of complementarity. This judgment is not only important from the point of view that the icc has found no basis to find the case inadmissible on the grounds of lack of complementarity, but even more so because of the procedural issues at stake. In this decision, solutions can be found that are crucial with regard to the scope and methods of appellate review before the icc.

Sustainability assessment and complementarity

Sustainability assessments bring together different perspectives that pertain to sustainability to produce overall assessments, and a wealth of approaches and tools have been developed in the past decades. However, two major problems remain. The problem of integration concerns the surplus of possibilities for integration; different tools produce different assessments. The problem of implementation concerns the barrier between assessment and transformation; assessments do not lead to the expected changes in practice. We aim to analyze issues of complementarity in sustainability assessment and transformation as a key to better handling the problems of integration and implementation. Based on a generalization of Niels Bohr’s complementarity from quantum mechanics, we have identified two forms of complementarity in sustainability assessment, observer stance complementarity and value complementarity. Unlike many other problems of sustainability assessment, complementarity is of a fundamental character connected to the very conditions for observation. Therefore, complementarity cannot be overcome methodologically, only handled better or worse. Science is essential to the societal goal of sustainability, but these issues of complementarity impede the constructive role of science in the transition to more sustainable structures and practices in food systems. The agencies of sustainability assessment and transformation need to be acutely aware of the importance of different perspectives and values and the complementarities that may be connected to these differences. An improved understanding of complementarity can help to better recognize and handle issues of complementarity. These deliberations have relevance not only for sustainability assessment, but more generally for transdisciplinary research on wicked problems.

Issues in theorizing mathematics learning and teaching: A contrast between learning through activity and DNR research programs

By continuing a contrast with the DNR research program, begun in Harel and Koichu (2010), I discuss several important issues with respect to teaching and learning mathematics that have emerged from our research program which studies learning that occurs through students’ mathematical activity and indicate issues of complementarity between DNR and our research program. I make distinctions about what we mean by inquiring into the mechanisms of conceptual learning and how it differs from work that elucidates steps in the development of a mathematical concept. I argue that the construct of disequilibrium is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain mathematics conceptual learning. I describe an emerging approach to instruction aimed at particular mathematical understandings that fosters reinvention of mathematical concepts without depending on students’ success solving novel problems.

Labor Markets and Labor Market Institutions in Transition Economies

This paper summarizes the evolution of labor markets and labor market institutions and policies in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as of Central Asia over the last two decades. The main focus is on the evolution of labor market institutions, which are among candidate explanations for the very diverse trajectories of labor markets in the region. We consider recent contributions that attempt to assess the effect of labor market institutions on labor market performance of TEs, including the policy-relevant issue of complementarity of institutions.

Coopetition and Complementarities: Modeling Coopetition Strategy and Its Risks at an Individual Partner Level

The concept of coopetition is founded on the complementarity‐based nature of this strategy. However, coopetition research has devoted relatively little attention to complementarity issues and their impact on coopetition results. By bridging the coopetition and economics of complementarities research fields, we develop a model representing a classical optimization problem in complementarities as applied to coopetition in order to evaluate potential risks deriving at an operational level from implementing a coopetition strategy. The model we develop is a situated one and is based on empirical data from a longitudinal case study of coopetition in the mineral water and soft drinks industry. The results highlight a potential risk of coopetition strategies – namely, thresholds effects – as well as the associated risks a wrong understanding of complementarities in a coopetition setting may entail.

Social Care Interface in Early-Stage Dementia

Although issues of complementarity and coordination between health care institutions have recently generated great interest, few scholars have studied the thorny interface between formal and informal service networks. This exploratory study investigates the interface between health care practitioners and caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease living in the community. Using Pescosolido's multilevel network model and Martuccelli's sociology of the individual, the authors interviewed 20 practitioners drawn from seven urban groups and analyzed contacts between practitioners and caregivers at the beginning of the care trajectory. The quality of the practitioner-caregiver interface was determined by the players' profiles, internal structures, and external links. Heterogeneous professional groups and the establishment of contacts in the early stages of dementia seemed beneficial. The problematic interface between formal and informal service networks could be improved by a greater understanding of microsocial- and organizational-level interactions and implementing a social model of care.