Issue Of Medicine Research Articles

НАПИСАНИЕ СЦЕНАРИЯ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ БИБЛИОТЕРАПИИ

In addition to individual or shared therapeutic reading, creative writing is a common part of bibliotherapy, which deals with the use of literary arts for preventive and therapeutic purposes. Often this involves the professional writing of stories, essays, poems and other literary works, therapeutic diaries and therapeutic letters with a therapeutic-educational purpose, with the aim of processing experiences and memories after the fact. The paper discusses life script writing as an important part of the therapeutic instrumentation used in therapeutic-educational oriented bibliotherapy. It is about the conscious creative shaping of one's own life story in the immediate future here and now. The paper is loosely connected to the paper Literary Art in Therapeutic Education, which was published in the last issue of Medicine & Art (3/2023); therefore, some terms that have been used before are not reexplained in this paper. It is intended for experts who are interested in bibliotherapy and imagination as tools for mobilizing a person's internal healing powers to support their health and well-being.

ChatGPT With GPT-4 Outperforms Emergency Department Physicians in Diagnostic Accuracy: Retrospective Analysis.

OpenAI's ChatGPT is a pioneering artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of natural language processing, and it holds significant potential in medicine for providing treatment advice. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated promising results using ChatGPT for emergency medicine triage. However, its diagnostic accuracy in the emergency department (ED) has not yet been evaluated. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT with GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 and primary treating resident physicians in an ED setting. Among 100 adults admitted to our ED in January 2023 with internal medicine issues, the diagnostic accuracy was assessed by comparing the diagnoses made by ED resident physicians and those made by ChatGPT with GPT-3.5 or GPT-4 against the final hospital discharge diagnosis, using a point system for grading accuracy. The study enrolled 100 patients with a median age of 72 (IQR 58.5-82.0) years who were admitted to our internal medicine ED primarily for cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, or infectious diseases. GPT-4 outperformed both GPT-3.5 (P<.001) and ED resident physicians (P=.01) in diagnostic accuracy for internal medicine emergencies. Furthermore, across various disease subgroups, GPT-4 consistently outperformed GPT-3.5 and resident physicians. It demonstrated significant superiority in cardiovascular (GPT-4 vs ED physicians: P=.03) and endocrine or gastrointestinal diseases (GPT-4 vs GPT-3.5: P=.01). However, in other categories, the differences were not statistically significant. In this study, which compared the diagnostic accuracy of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and ED resident physicians against a discharge diagnosis gold standard, GPT-4 outperformed both the resident physicians and its predecessor, GPT-3.5. Despite the retrospective design of the study and its limited sample size, the results underscore the potential of AI as a supportive diagnostic tool in ED settings.

Identification of a Human Trafficking Victim: A Simulation.

This case was designed for emergency medicine interns and residents. Human trafficking is unfortunately an ever-growing and wide-reaching problem in the United States as well as the rest of the world. The International Labor Organization estimates 49.6 million people were affected by this modern-day slavery worldwide in 2021.1,2 The emergency department represents an opportunity to identify and provide aid to victims of human trafficking. Studies have shown that 63.3% of survivors interacted with the emergency department during their time of exploitation; however, most of these patients are not identified as human trafficking victims and opportunities for intervention are missed.3,4. By the end of this simulation, participants will be able to: (1) Identify signs of human trafficking. (2) Demonstrate the ability to perform a primary and secondary assessment of a patient when there is concern for human trafficking. (3) Demonstrate the ability to appropriately separate an at-risk patient from a potential trafficker. (4) Identify resources and a reliable course of action to permanently remove the patient from the harmful situation. A hybrid teaching model was employed that included both a lecture and a standardized patient simulation session followed by a structured debriefing session. A simulation with a standardized participant was implemented at an urban academic emergency department with a three-year EM residency program. Participants were evaluated with a survey prior to and after the simulation, where they responded to questions regarding human trafficking patients on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 represented the greatest level of agreement. Nineteen emergency medicine interns and residents participated in this project. Prior to simulation training, and after the lecture, residents were surveyed on their confidence in identifying and treating patients who are affected by trafficking, their level of previous training in this topic, and whether they considered trafficking an important issue in emergency medicine. When asked if human trafficking is an important issue faced by the emergency department, 15 of the 19 of residents who completed the survey rated the importance a 5/5 on a Likert scale ranging from 1-not important to 5. Residents were also asked if they had received prior training in human trafficking on a scale of never (1) to often (5). Eight residents responded with either never or close to never. Two months after the simulation, the residents were again sent an optional survey. Ten residents responded. All who participated in the simulation now rated themselves a 4/5 on a scale from not confident to very confident. Of those who did not attend the simulation, the median value was a 3/5. Out of the residents who attended the simulation training, every resident rated the experience 5 out of 5 in terms of usefulness. One hundred percent of residents would recommend simulation training on human trafficking to other emergency medicine residents. This was an effective educational initiative because this education model allowed the residents to feel more comfortable identifying individuals affected by human trafficking, and all the residents who responded to the survey stated that they would recommend the use of simulation to others for education on human trafficking. High-fidelity simulation, human trafficking identification, human trafficking response.

Global bioethics in european context

The article analyses the foundations and principles of global bioethics in the European ethical, legal and philosophical contexts. An analysis of European bioethics shows that there are at least three modern models of European bioethics: bioethics as metaethics; bioethics as biolaw; bioethics as applied biomedical ethics. European bioethics originates in the global bioethics of V.R. Potter and F. Jahr, and encompasses not only moral issues of medicine and public health, but also global environmental and social problems. In this context, the convergence of the natural and the human is seen as a rehabilitation of practical philosophy, a further study and development of the principles of practical reason, understood by analogy with the objective laws of nature. The study of constitutions, legislative and legal regulations of European countries has revealed a variety of bioethical principles in the field of biomedicine. However, at the level of legislation in biomedicine, there is a certain influence of the American model of bioethics, biomedical ethics, which is manifested in the principlism methodology and the weak connection between medical and environmental issues. Global bioethics in the European context is characterized by an intensification of bioethical reflection, social relationships and legislative activity in biomedicine within pan-European structures, such as the European Council and the European Union. The defining feature of global bioethics as a phenomenon of European culture and ethos is that its principles can be “activated” only as a semantic and logical integrity. Bioethical principles serve as a kind of harmonising factor of European biopolitics.

Angiopoietin-like growth factor-derived peptides as biological activators of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) are an essential issue in modern medicine. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, including AD-MSCs, have specific properties (ability to differentiate into other cells, recruitment to the site of injury) of particular importance in the regenerative process. Ongoing research aims to elucidate factors supporting AD-MSC culture and differentiation in vitro. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), known for their pleiotropic effects in lipid and glucose metabolism, may play a significant role in this context. Regeneration is a complex and dynamic process controlled by many factors. ANGPTL6 (Angiopoietin-related growth factor, AGF), among many activities modulated the biological activity of stem cells. This study examined the influence of synthesized AGF-derived peptides, designated as AGF9 and AGF27, on AD-MSCs. AGF9 and AGF27 enhanced the viability and migration of AD-MSCs and acted as a chemotactic factor for these cells. AGF9 stimulated chondrogenesis and lipid synthesis during AD-MSCs differentiation, influenced AD-MSCs cytokine secretion and modulated transcriptome for such basic cell activities as migration, transport of molecules, and apoptosis. The ability of AGF9 to modulate the biological activity of AD-MSCs warrants the consideration of this peptide a noteworthy therapeutic agent that deserves further investigation for applications in regenerative medicine.

LEARNING GERMAN BASED ON TEXTS

The focus of the paper is text analysis at this point in text linguistics’ evolution. It clarifies the views of both foreign and domestic linguists on how to define the term “text” and examines the research methods used in this area of study. Modern linguistics needs new principles and methods of text formation that are based on corpus linguistics. The study of language and speech is also impossible without the anthropocentric and speech principle, which is formed in perspective: man and language. In this regard, his role in the text is of great importance. In the paper, special emphasis is placed on teaching German as a “foreign” language using the text as a higher-level communicative unit, an informative code that is addressed from the subject to the object. The text should contain cognitive material, have educational opportunities, be comprehensible, arouse interest and have feedback from the learners. Of course, the perception of the text depends on many aspects: the lexical and grammatical base of the students, their general knowledge, experience, etc. While working with the text, you should not only pay attention to phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, etc., but also to the subject matter of the texts, which should be interesting to students. We believe that it is very effective to use newspaper texts related to education, life of young people in Ukraine and abroad, hobbies, sports, medicine, political and economic issues, etc. Approaching the study and description of the language in action is essential for interacting with the text (be it artistic, journalistic, scientific, etc.). This is an excellent chance for students to discover and apply the knowledge they have learned.

Клинико-экономический анализ эффективности использования индивидуальных и серийных имплантатов при эндопротезировании тазобедренного и коленного суставов.

One of the pressing issues of modern medicine is the need to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with stage III osteoarthritis of large joints (according to the classification of N. S. Kosinskaya), as well as with loosening of the components of hip and knee joints through the use of techniques that have high clinical and economic efficiency and including the use of computer modeling and additive 3D printing technologies. Purpose of the study: to conduct a clinical and economic analysis of the effectiveness of using individual and serial components of endoprostheses in the surgical treatment of patients with stage III hip osteoarthritis (according to N. S. Kosinskaya’s classification), as well as with loosening of hip and knee joint implants. Methods: clinical-radiological, computed tomographic, biomechanical, statistical, analytical, sociological. The study included 348 patients who were divided into 10 groups depending on the individual and serial components of implants used in their treatment. Results. The effectiveness of surgical treatment of stage III hip osteoarthritis using individual acetabular implants in primary hip replacement, assessed using QALYs, was 0.79, and the CER (“cost-effectiveness”) indicator was 350,424.7. Moreover, the use of only serial imlants in a similar operation led to a decrease in CER to 262,977.2 and QALY to 0.63. Higher QALYs have also been observed with the use of additive technologies in revision hip arthroplasty. The effectiveness of surgical treatment using individual implants for type IIIa acetabular defect was 0.77 (CER – 341,110), for type IIIb – 0.6 (CER – 496,754.3). When using serial components of a revision hip joint implants for type IIIa acetabular defect, the QALY was 0.4 (CER – 540,462.5), for type IIIb – 0.4 (CER – 653,500.5). The best QALYs (0.15) and CER (1,348,892) were also obtained with the use of individual acetabular implants made of bone cement in hip replacement for periprosthetic infection in comparison with standard spacers (QALY – 0.07; CER – 2,845 801). The effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with bone defects of type 2B and 3 according to AORI using individual implants during revision knee arthroplasty was 0.83 (CER – 494,236.8), using serial designs – 0.44 (CER – 939,489, 4). Conclusions. The use of individual implants in total replacement in patients with stage III hip osteoarthritis (according to N. S. Kosinskaya’s classification), as well as loosening of hip and knee implants, made it possible to achieve higher rates of effectiveness of surgical treatment in comparison with implantation of only serial structures. The use of additive 3D printing technologies in all cases, except knee joint replacement for bone defects of types 2B and 3 according to AORI, led to increased costs for treating patients. As a result of the clinical and economic analysis, it was revealed that the use of individual implants made using 3D printing in revision hip arthroplasty for IIIa and IIIb defects of the acetabulum, septic loosening of the components of a previously installed implants, as well as in re-replacement of the knee joint in the presence of AORI type 2B and 3 bone defects achieves the best cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) and is “strongly preferable” to implantation of serial constructs only.

The effect of antireaction medications on the association between periodontitis and leprosy reactions: An important methodological issue in periodontal medicine.

The treatment of leprosy reactions (LRs) involves thalidomide, corticosteroids, and other immunomodulatory medications. This study evaluated the effect of these treatments on the association between periodontitis and LRs, as well as factors associated with LRs. This case-control study was conducted on 283 individuals followed at a leprosy outpatient clinic in Brazil. The case group was comprised of 158 individuals presenting type 1 or type 2 LRs, and the control group of 125 leprosy individuals without reactions. A complete oral examination was performed to diagnose periodontitis, the independent variable. Antireaction medication used was collected from medical records, and participants were classified according to the use of prednisone and/or thalidomide, time of use, or non-use of medication. Socioeconomic-demographic, clinical, and lifestyle covariables were collected by interview. Unconditional logistic regression analysis by subgroups evaluated the effect of antireaction medication on the association between periodontitis and LRs, estimating the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (OR; 95% CI). A relationship between periodontitis and LRs was observed only in the subgroup using the association prednisone and thalidomide: ORadjusted=0.32; 95% CI=0.11-0.95. Conversely, more severe periodontal clinical parameters were observed in cases versus controls. Several socioeconomic, health conditions, and lifestyle factors were associated with the presence of LRs. Although periodontal disease indicators were worse among the cases, the findings showed a negative relationship between periodontitis and LRs in individuals receiving associated prednisone and thalidomide. These medications appear to influence the inflammatory cascade between diseases, modifying and masking the manifestations of periodontitis.

Using Artificial Intelligence in Patient Care-Some Considerations for Doctors and Medical Regulators.

This paper discusses the key role medical regulators have in setting standards for doctors who use artificial intelligence (AI) in patient care. Given their mandate to protect public health and safety, it is incumbent on regulators to guide the profession on emerging and vexed areas of practice such as AI. However, formulating effective and robust guidance in a novel field is challenging particularly as regulators are navigating unfamiliar territory. As such, regulators themselves will need to understand what AI is and to grapple with its ethical and practical challenges when doctors use AI in their care of patients.This paper will also argue that effective regulation of AI extends beyond devising guidance for the profession. It includes keeping abreast of developments in AI-based technology and considering the implications for regulation and the practice of medicine. On that note, medical regulators should encourage the profession to evaluate how AI may exacerbate existing issues in medicine and create unintended consequences so that doctors (and patients) are realistic about AI's potential and pitfalls when it is used in health care delivery.

The Hope and Reality of Pain Relief Using Psychological Manipulations.

Many patients suffer from chronic pain despite the absence of injury or sufficient biomedical disease to explain their pain. These pains are highly resistant to treatment. Psychological therapies designed to help patients undermine the negative thought and behavioral patterns that maintain pain provide only modest pain relief, leading to suspicion that such pain might be maintained by unconscious processes. An article in this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine provides the first experimental evidence that unconscious negative memories can increase pain unpleasantness. These findings are exciting, but the effect sizes are small, which is consistent with the small effects of psychological therapy. It seems that pain stubbornly resists psychological manipulation, but this work provides some hope that psychological therapy for pain can be improved to provide more effective pain relief.

CFPG: Creating a Common Fungal Pathogenic Genes Database through Data Mining

Fu ngal pathogenicity is one of the most vigorously tackled ecological and medicinal issues facing many scientists. Comparative genomics is an extremely important methodology and tool used to understand fungal pathogenicity, and it allows the development of early diagnostic tools for fungal-inflicted diseases across different host organisms. However, comparative genomics depends heavily on readily available fungal pathogenic gene databases to enable downstream genomics study and the development of new diagnosis and detection methods. Here, we have developed the Common Fungal Pathogenic Genes Database through comparative genomic analysis using 86 publicly available fungal genomic data against fungal pathogenicity-related databases, such as Pathogenic-Host Interaction Database (PHI-base), Carbohydrate-Active enZymes Database (CAZy), and Database of Fungal Virulence Factory (DFVF).

A trial of structured debate as a self‐learning method for students and young healthcare providers to discuss social issues in general and family medicine: A case report in Japan

The structured debate as a means of medical education for medical students and young healthcare providers was performed, with diverse topics related to general and family medicine.

Lessons learned from patients’ weight-related medical encounters: Results from 34 interviews

ObjectivesHow to best care for larger-bodied patients is a complicated issue in modern medicine. The present study seeks to inform current medical practices to ensure the delivery of high-quality and evidence-based care through the examination of higher-weight patients’ experiences with weight-related care. MethodsHigher-weight patients (N = 34) completed semi-structured interviews about their experiences and recommendations for weight-related care. Interviews were coded by two independent coders and harmonized. Findings were organized into broad domains of 1) negative care experiences and 2) positive care experiences and recommendations. ResultsPatients described a range of negative care experiences, including stigmatization from providers (e.g., rude, attacking, or insulting communication about weight), while concurrently expressing insufficient weight management support from providers. Positive care experiences and recommendations included patient-centered care (e.g., physician humility and empathy) and attending to the patient’s weight, which conveyed concern for the patient. ConclusionsOur findings reflect patients’ ambivalent attitudes toward weight-related care: while weight-focused provider communication can be highly stigmatizing, patients simultaneously desire more weight-management support from providers. Practice ImplicationsProviders who wish to move their practices from a weight-loss focus to one targeting healthy living should provide a rationale for these shifts to inform patients’ perceptions of high-quality care.

Children and adolescents in a neglectful environment Early detection as the first response to their needs

Neglect of children and adolescents is the most common form of abuse and occurs when their basic needs are not met. The negative impact on physical and mental health can be significant. Early detection by primary care physicians and support for parents and the community, in collaboration with the social and health network, are essential to ensure that minors have an environment conducive to their healthy development. Recognizing the needs of children and teenagers is an important issue in social and preventive medicine, as is defending their interests and rights.

Surgical tactics for thoracoabdominal injury

The treatment of gunshot thoracoabdominal injuries is a relevant issue in modern medicine. The high mortality rate, reaching 28.6 %, indicates the need to improve existing diagnostic and treatment approaches in providing medical care to such injured individuals during evacuation stages. The presented clinical case demonstrates the effectiveness of applying a staged approach to providing medical care for thoracoabdominal trauma.

Transitional Medicine of Intractable Primary Dyslipidemias in Japan.

Transitional medicine refers to the seamless continuity of medical care for patients with childhood-onset diseases as they grow into adulthood. The transition of care must be seamless in medical treatment as the patients grow and in other medical aids such as subsidies for medical expenses in the health care system. Inappropriate transitional care, either medical or social, directly causes poorer prognosis for many early-onset diseases, including primary dyslipidemia caused by genetic abnormalities. Many primary dyslipidemias are designated as intractable diseases in the Japanese health care system for specific medical aids, as having no curative treatment and requiring enormous treatment costs for lipid management and prevention of complications. However, there are problems in transitional medicine for primary dyslipidemia in Japan. As for the medical treatment system, the diagnosis rate remains low due to the shortage of specialists, their insufficient link with generalists and other field specialists, and poor linkage between pediatricians and physicians for adults. In the medical care system, there is a mismatch of diagnostic criteria of primary dyslipidemias between children and adults for medical care expense subsidization, as between The Program for the Specific Pediatric Chronic Diseases and the Program for Designated Adult Intractable Diseases. This could lead some patients subsidized in their childhood to no longer be under the coverage of the aids after transition. This review intends to describe these issues in transitional medicine of primary dyslipidemia in Japan as a part of the efforts to resolve the problems by the Committee on Primary Dyslipidemia under the Research Program on Rare and Intractable Disease of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.

Analysis of the relationship between actual nutrition and physical activity and smoking among russian and foreign students of a medical university

A significant contribution to the preservation and improvement of the population health is made by a healthy lifestyle, one of the components of which is rational nutrition. Considering severe stress experienced by students due to the changed social environment, the study of nutritional characteristics and the role of behavioral factors in eating behavior among medical students remains an extremely topical issue of modern preventive medicine. Material and methods. As a result of a cross-sectional study, 197 students of the Saratov Medical University were interviewed, 100 (51 %) of them were russian students, 97 (49 %) were citizens of Central African countries. The method of 24-hour reproduction of daily diet, program complex “Individual diet 5.0 professional version”, questionnaire were used. Results and discussions. The study showed an imbalance in macro- and micronutrients intake of the daily food ration, a violation in the diet, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, rare hot meals, dissatisfaction with the organization of meals in student canteens, frequent use of fast food by students regardless of their country of origin. The relationship of physical activity and smoking with the diet and the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits, low awareness of unbalanced nutrition as a risk factor for the development of alimentary-dependent diseases have been established. Conclusions. The nutritional behavior of russian and foreign students of Saratov Medical University does not meet all the principles of healthy eating recommended by WHO. Thus, it is necessary to improve the organization of catering in student canteens, taking into account the taste preferences of foreign students, the introduction of educational activities and healthy nutrition programs with the involvement of the students themselves in their preparation. The analysis of actual nutrition is a very important task, as it allows assessing the current socio-economic situation, as well as the effectiveness of educational programs in the framework of national projects on a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition.

THE INFLUENCE OF TREATMENT TACTICS ON THE LEVEL OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND THE CONDITION OF THE NASAL CAVITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ATROPHIC RHINITIS PROVOKED BY HARMFUL PRODUCTION CONDITIONS

Introduction. Various types of occupational hazards can cause the development of occupational atrophic rhinitis (AR). Researches determine the high prevalence of professional AR among workers in various fields of production. Drug treatment of RA is an important issue. The effectiveness of the use of autologous platelet-enriched plasma is determined. Determining the possibilities of increasing the effectiveness of treatment of professional AR with platelet-enriched plasma is a very relevant issue of modern medicine.&#x0D; The aim. To evaluate the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in occupational chronic AR compared to standard treatment (irrigation with oil solutions).&#x0D; Materials and methods. 141 patients were examined: I group (32.6%) received irrigation with oil solutions, II (39.7%) – injections of platelet-rich plasma, and III (27.7%) – injections of platelet-rich plasma and irrigation with oil solutions.&#x0D; Results. Significant (p &lt; 0.001) chances of improvement in quality of life levels were found in groups I and II compared to III one month after treatment, based on decreases in the values of the NOSE scale (respectively by 0.946 points and by 5.285 points) and increases values in the SF-36 questionnaire (RE scale and RR by 13.899 points; p = 0.004 and by 15.914 points only with combined treatment; MH scale – by 4.028 points and by 17.880 points; VT scale – by 5.136 points; p = 0.005 and by 24.158 points). Significant (p &lt; 0.001) chances of an increase in nasocytogram indicators were determined in groups I and II compared to III: respectively, the pH of mucus (by 1.029 and by 1.333), the quantitative composition of neutrophils (by 18.958% and by 21.078%) and eosinophils (by 3.540%) combined treatment only) and saccharin test indicators (at 0.3 min; p = 0.005 and at 1.696 min).&#x0D; Conclusions. An improvement in the quality of life and parameters of the nasocytogram and saccharin test was determined when injections of platelet-rich plasma were used (both separately and in combination with irrigation with oil solutions) in patients with occupational chronic AR. Reliable chances of a decrease in NOSE scale values and an increase in SF-36 questionnaire indicators and chances of an increase in nasocytogram and saccharin test indicators were established.

Аминокислотный профиль при сниженном овариальном резерве

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) represents a relevant issue of reproductive medicine that is often associated with infertility and reduced efficacy of IVF programs. The changes in amino acid metabolism can play a role in the DOR pathogenesis as manifestations of the folliculogenesis and oogenesis epigenetic alterations. The study was aimed to assess alterations of amino acid metabolic pathways in blood plasma and follicular fluid and estimate their clinical significance in DOR. A total of 115 infertile women aged 25–42 years were included in the study. Groups were formed based on the ovarian reserve and age. Amino acid levels in blood plasma and follicular fluid were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS); bioinformatics analysis of amino acid metabolic pathways was performed. We revealed significant changes in the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis (effect = 0.5; p = 0.026), alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (effect = 0.114; p = 0.013), and arginine biosynthesis (effect = 0.289; p &lt; 0.001) pathways playing a role in folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and embryogenesis. The detected differences in the amino acid levels in various body fluids made it possible to construct the logistic regression models confirming DOR with the 88% probability based on the amino acid levels in follicular fluid (sensitivity 88%, specificity 84%) and 82% probability based on plasma levels (sensitivity 65%, specificity 91%). The findings can be used for further research focused on the pathogenesis of infertility associated with DOR and for selection of the most optimal diagnostic and treatment tactics.

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Histological and Immunohistochemical Changes in Testes of Albino Mice

Background: Fertility in male animals is an important issue in veterinary medicine. Exposure to severe crowding and fattening may affect the fertility of these animals. Objectives: This study compares the effect of oxidative stress caused by overcrowding or obesity on testicular tissue in male albino mice. Methods: A total of 30 male mice were divided into 3 groups. The first was a control group. The second group was subjected to crowding by cramming 20 mice in a small cage. The third group was fattened by eating a high-fat diet. Morphometric cells and histological measurements of the seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelium thickness, and Sertoli and Leydig cell counts were taken. Results: The crowding group testes showed the presence of necrosis and degeneration of spermatocytes, Sertoli, and Leydig cells. The obese group’s spermatocytes, Sertoli, and Leydig cells had shown severe necrosis, degeneration, and giant cell invasion. Histomorphometric measurements of seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelium-thickness, and Sertoli and Leydig cell counts revealed a considerable reduction in the obese group compared to the other groups. Furthermore, in the crowding and fattening groups, measurements of oxidative stress indicators revealed a decrease in glutathione value in the obese group compared to the control, whereas malondialdehyde rose in the overcrowded and obese groups compared to the control. The results of the immunohistochemical expressions for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the testes of mice revealed weak TNF-α positive expression in the control group, moderate expression in the crowding group, and strong expression in the obesity group. Conclusion: The study suggests that both obesity and crowding can impair testicular function, with obesity having the most significant impact. More research into the mechanisms underlying these effects, as well as potential interventions to improve testicular function in obese or overcrowded animals, is required.