Preservation Issues Research Articles

A New Construction Method for Rectangular Cartograms

The rectangular cartogram is a geospatial visualization method that blends the characteristics of maps and charts. By simplifying geographic regions into rectangles and using the area of each rectangle to represent statistical data, it enables efficient geovisualization. This paper summarizes and analyzes the advantages and limitations of two main approaches used in current rectangular cartogram construction algorithms. To address the issues of high computational cost and inadequate preservation of adjacency and relative positional relationships in existing algorithms, we propose and implement a new rectangular cartogram construction algorithm. This algorithm simplifies the layout computation process while ensuring that the adjacency and relative positional relationships between regions during the layout generation process have only minor errors. In adjusting rectangle areas to match attribute values, the algorithm adopts a “region-by-region placement” strategy, ensuring that errors in area accuracy remain within a small range, while also keeping errors in adjacency and relative positional relationships minimal. Finally, by comparing the results of our algorithm with those of existing algorithms using real-world data with varying distribution characteristics, we demonstrate its effectiveness. The results show that the proposed algorithm not only improves computational efficiency but also effectively displays the adjacency and relative positional relationships between regions.

Culture Preservation Through Language Maintenance Among Linguistic Minority Groups: A Case Study of the Shona Speakers of Kenya

This study addressed the issue of culture preservation among linguistic minority groups through language maintenance practices. The main objective of the study was to investigate the various language maintenance strategies used by linguistic minority groups in Kenya to preserve their culture. The minority linguistic group that was investigated in this study is the Shona language community in Kenya originally from Zimbabwe. Language is an integral part of culture in any community and so maintaining a language is synonymous to maintaining a culture. Language maintenance efforts, especially among linguistic minority groups like the Kenyan Shonas, thus go a long way in maintaining their culture as this study set out to illustrate. The study was guided by the Ethnolinguistic Vitality Theory (EVT) by Giles, Bourhis and Taylor (1977) and Landweer (2000). The theory shows how a linguistic group is able to maintain and protect its identity, language and culture in a multilingual society setup. Data for this study was obtained from the library and also from the field in Shona residential settlements using questionnaires, interview, observation and focused group discussion method. Analyzed data was presented qualitatively and quantitively. The study findings shows that the Shona speakers of Kenya have employed various strategies in maintaining their language and culture as a minority linguistic group from around late 1950s, when they first entered Kenya from their motherland Zimbabwe as missionaries. These strategies include use of Shona language at the home, religious, marriage and work domains as tools of culture and language maintenance. Other strategies of Shona culture and laguage maintenance include use of Shona elders to teach younger generations their language ad culture, use of social interraction networks, community meetings and Shona traditional ceremonies. This study came to a conclusion that the Kenyan Shonas, one of the minority linguistic group in Kenya, have been able to preserve and maintain their culture in Kenya through language maintenance strategies listed above since they landed in Kenya in the late 1950s. However, the study recommends that simmilar studies should be carried out inorder to find out whether other linguistic minority speakers of Kenya have been able to maintain their culture through language maintenance practicies. Presently the Shonas of Kenya are listed as the 45th tribe of Kenya after being awarded Kenyan citizenship status in 2020 by the Kenyan Government.

Экономический потенциал редевелопмента индустриальных территорий

The study of the economic potential of redevelopment of industrial territories is an urgent task due to the need for rational use of urban land, improving the efficiency of industrial zones and creating new jobs. The paper presents the classification of redevelopment projects depending on the depth of transformation and highlights the main economic effects of redevelopment of industrial territories. The article considers the problem of effective utilization of industrial heritage in Russia, as well as the issues of preservation and development of cultural monuments.

Cinema as a Subject of Sociological Reflection: Analysis of Scientific Publications

This review article is based on the question of the importance of the sociology of cinema as a separate direction in sociological science. In this regard, the article analyses publications devoted to cinema in leading sociological journals from 1976 to the present. The purpose of the study is to identify the sociological interpretation of the transformation of Russian cinema in retrospect, as well as the main trends in the development of Russian sociology of cinema. During the analysis, scientific publications were systematised by year and research areas, which made it possible to more clearly define the current problems of film studies. Starting from the Soviet period, the film industry was considered by sociologists from the point of view of the interaction "cinema-spectator", as a means of propaganda, representation and solving practical problems. The studies were carried out within the framework of the analysis of film distribution statistics, as well as based on the motives and factors of film selection by viewers. It was recorded that the main emphasis of the authors was on quantitative studies, mainly concerning the topics of cinema attendance, their repertoire and audience demand. Some of the works were based on a comparative analysis with foreign studies, noting the lack of interdisciplinary research in the domestic sociology of cinema. At the same time, both in the Soviet period and later, there were practically no works devoted to regional cinema, including ethnic cinema, the history of which began in the first half of the 20th century. Currently, scientists note that despite the revival of federal cinema, it still does not meet the needs of society, does not become the kind of art that would shape the national culture. There is a lack of theoretical and methodological analysis of sociological research, especially with the use of qualitative methods, on the importance of cinema for Russian society. Further study of the issues of preserving and understanding cinema as an art seems relevant. It is also necessary to look for answers to the questions of what functions it currently carries and / or should carry, what are the alternatives for sociological research in the context of the development of regional cinema. Disclosing the importance of research in the field of film studies will allow us to put forward new problematic and subject fields of the sociology of cinema in the context of current challenges.

Partecipazione

This essay investigates Partecipazione, the exhibition curated by architecture collective AKT based in Vienna and Hermann Czech for the Austrian Pavilion at the Venice Biennale of Architecture, ‘The Laboratory of the Future’, held in 2023. Partecipazione was conceptualised as an interior intervention dividing the pavilion space into two parts—one for the Biennale and one for Venice. The pavilion, connected with the city through the proposed bridge crossing over the wall of Giardini, would host various activities open to the residents of Saint Elena Island. Although Partecipazione sought to engage a broader audience and foster community participation, concerns appeared regarding its impact on the pavilions’ and Giardini’s architectural heritage, leading to the suspension of the proposal in the process. However, curators decided to expose the rejection and exhibit the unfinished interior of the pavilion while, at the same time, shifting the focus to preservation issues present within the institution of the Biennale. Despite remaining unbuilt as initially conceptualised, Partecipazione initiated a dialogue about the challenges of architectural preservation in Venice and the Biennale’s role in shaping the city. The essay critically examines Partecipazione’s trajectory, from the conceptualisation and design to rejection, and considers its broader implications on contemporary architectural and exhibition practice and audiences. The essay will draw on the interview conducted with AKT, which provided valuable information and insights into the curatorial and architectural processes surrounding the exhibition. Through analysing tensions between experimentation and preservation narratives, the essay offers insights into the evolving role of architectural exhibitions as platforms for expanding architectural discourses and practices. It argues that precisely due to remaining unbuilt, Partecipazione exemplified the transformative potential of an architectural exhibition to challenge architectural discourses. Finally, this essay aims to contribute to the legacy of Partecipazione by examining how its unbuilt nature and incompleteness provoke critical questions about the role of architectural exhibitions, the coexistence of temporary interventions with heritage, and the transformative potential of experimental and open-ended exhibition practices.

Human Potential of the Constitutions of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China

The article describes the issues of preserving and strengthening traditional cultural, spiritual and moral values implemented in the constitutions of BRICS countries on the cases of Russia and China. Russian Constitution with its amendments of 2020 aims at constitutionalizing cultural and moral values, implementing them to the current legislation, and creating economic, political and social conditions for their enforcement. Also, the article examines the activities of non-governmental organizations in the People’s Republic of China with the focus on their contribution to preservation and amplification of cultural and moral values enshrined in the Constitution of China.

THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN PRESERVING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF KAZAKHSTAN

In the modern world, the issues of preserving and popularizing the cultural heritage of a country and region remain relevant. This issue became particularly acute during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, when museums and galleries existed without active visitor attendance for an extended period. Modern technologies play a significant role in addressing this problem, both by facilitating and simplifying daily routine processes and by globally impacting the conceptual challenges of attracting visitors and expanding the functionality of cultural institutions. This article presents a project to develop a virtual museum in the form of a mobile application. The application will recognize exhibits in real-time using the device's camera and display their 3D models and contextual information in augmented reality mode. The work reviews the use of virtual and augmented reality technologies in museum applications, as well as machine learning algorithms for various purposes. The authors report preliminary results of recognizing some exhibits from a partner museum, describing the applied methodology and analyzing the effectiveness of the approaches used. Additionally, the results of testing a mobile application with real-time recognition capabilities under museum conditions are presented.

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SOVIET ARCHITECTURE

The study highlights the complex impact of Soviet architecture on the urban environment of Ivano-Frankivsk, examining the social, cultural, and spatial changes that occurred during the Soviet period. Ivano-Frankivsk, historically rich in architectural heritage and cultural diversity, underwent significant transformation under socialist policy. During this period, the city’s architecture adopted distinctive features restrained lines, monumental forms, and minimal ornamentation that aligned with the broader principles of socialist realism. The expansion of residential construction, the introduction of standardized housing districts, and an emphasis on functionality reflected the state's efforts to shape a "new socialist way of life" and foster a collective social consciousness. In the context of rapid population growth and increased demand for housing, the Soviet architectural model introduced the concept of standardized, multi-stage residential construction, intended to meet the needs of a large urban population. One of the main transformations involved the social effects of housing policy, including the shift away from traditional architectural styles, the loss of national identity in the urban space, and a reduction in the uniqueness of residential areas. The article examines how these architectural changes influenced social dynamics, the emergence of new social groups, and the formation of urban residents’ identities. Special attention is given to the analysis of communal spaces and cultural centers, including parks, squares, and public buildings, which served as focal points for community gathering and the creation of a shared social space. The application of Soviet architectural design principles aimed to transform the urban environment into a symbol of ideological unity and discipline. However, this approach often led to a sense of disconnection among citizens from their surroundings, creating a gap between the official architectural agenda and the actual needs of the city’s inhabitants. The article also examines the contemporary status of Soviet architectural heritage, which remains a topic of debate and criticism among researchers and residents. The issue of preserving and renovating Soviet-era buildings is still relevant, as these structures, while historically valuable, often fail to meet modern architectural and environmental standards. The author explores potential ways to integrate Soviet architectural heritage into the modern urban context, proposing approaches to reinterpret and adapt these buildings to fulfill current social and cultural needs. Thus, the article offers a significant contribution to the study of Ivano-Frankivsk's architectural transformation under Soviet influence. It not only provides insights into how Soviet architectural policy altered the urban environment but also raises questions about the role of this legacy in contemporary Ukrainian urban planning.

Eksplorasi Sejarah, Arsitektur, dan Konservasi Candi Tebing Tegallinggah sebagai Warisan Budaya di Gianyar, Bali

The objective of this research is to critically evaluate the historical significance, architectural features, and conservation techniques associated with the Tegalinggah Cliff Temple, a major cultural heritage site in Gianyar, Bali. The inquiry used a qualitative research technique, collecting primary data through field observations and interviews with historians, local community stakeholders, and conservation specialists, supported with secondary material from relevant academic literature. Data was analyzed using qualitative descriptive approaches, supplemented by focus group discussions, to offer a thorough knowledge of the temple's historical background, architectural elements, and contemporary conservation efforts. The research results show that, despite Tegalinggah Cliff Temple's historical and architectural significance, it faces serious preservation issues such as natural degradation and limited community participation. The report emphasizes the importance of enhanced local engagement and the establishment of stronger conservation management structures to protect the site. In conclusion, the Tegalinggah Cliff Temple is an important cultural asset that requires increased preservation measures to maintain the long-term protection and development of Balinese cultural heritage.

Sustainable water resources allocation for wetlands based on triple bottom line analytical hierarchy collaborative elicitation

Hydrological restoration of wetlands has become a critical pressing issue in environmental preservation due to climate change. This study seeks to develop a novel methodology to identify which type of water resources available are the most appropriate for restoring a particular wetland, considering a holistic perspective based on the triple bottom line (TBL) assessment, which is a logical framework for identifying and integrating social, environmental, and economic factors into decision-making processes. The elicitation was addressed through a comprehensive holistic index using analytic hierarchy process for ranking TBL dimensions and drivers. This new hybrid technique was applied for elaborating sustainable rules of water allocation to restore the wetlands of the Tablas de Daimiel National Park, located in central Spain. The environmental dimension was analyzed using six drivers: the synergistic use of infrastructures, the water resources location, the wastewater reuse, the energy consumption, the landscape degradation, and the impact on water resources. The social dimension was evaluated measuring three drivers: community acceptance, political acceptance, and market acceptance. And finally, the economic dimension was assessed through the expropriation of land costs, the infrastructure costs, the maintenance costs, and opportunity costs associated. These drivers guarantee traceability and transparency in the elicitation process, becoming a novel allocation framework to support policy makers in wetland conservation. Applying the proposed methodology, Tagus-Segura interbasin water transfer is the best ranked option (83.13%), closely followed by pumping well areas (79.12 and 78.24%) and wastewater recycling plants (74.34 and 68.26%). The unique holistic index proposed is a transparent and traceable decision support tool to address water allocation in wetland restoration.

The risk of COVID-19 infection in medical workers of a clinical hospital during a pandemic

In occupational health, scientists view the COVID-19 as a biological factor that can occur not only in the environment, but also in industrial conditions. In this regard, the spread of a new coronavirus infection requires addressing issues of preserving and strengthening the health of medical workers who make up the risk group. The study aims to assess the risk of COVID–19 infection during the pandemic in medical workers of a clinical hospital, depending on working conditions and the degree of contact with infectious patients. The object of the study was medical workers of the state budgetary healthcare institution of the Moscow region. The total number of medical workers amounted to 495 people. According to the degree of probability of medical workers' contact with an infectious agent, the following groups were identified: a high–risk zone of infection; an average risk zone of infection; a comparison group — a group that did not come into contact with patients with COVID-19. Within each of the above groups, three production and professional groups were formed: doctors; secondary medical personnel; junior medical personnel. The authors studied the frequency of temporary disability due to COVID-19 in medical workers who performed their professional duties during the pandemic. To assess the risk of infection of medical workers with COVID-19, they calculated the relative risk (RR). The study showed that the incidence of temporary disability among medical personnel during the pandemic period was 64.6±2.1 per 100 employees. Morbidity rates with temporary disability in the group of doctors who performed work duties in the high-risk area of COVID-19 infection amounted to 60.9±10.2 and in the medium-risk area of COVID-19 infection 63.2±4.0, which is significantly higher compared to workers in the comparison group 40.0±8.9 who had no contact with infectious patients. At the time of the study, the presence of a history of chronic diseases of the circulatory system in medical workers increases the risk of infection with COVID-19 (OR=3.9 with DI=2.62–5.78). The presence of chronic diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders also increases the risk of COVID-19 infection (OR=3.3 with DI=2.08–5.13). The data obtained as a result of the performed study indicate an increased risk of infection for doctors employed in areas of high and medium risk of COVID-19 infection, which are the most vulnerable professional group. Limitations. The present study requires further study of the issue and verification of the data obtained due to the limited observation period. Ethics. All medical workers have given informed consent to the use of personal data for statistical processing.

A GIS-Based Review of Ancient Chinese Port Cities and the Silk Road: Applications and Challenges of Historical Map Digitization

This essay explores the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the study of ancient Chinese port cities along the Silk Road. It highlights the significance of these cities as strategic nodes facilitating trade and cultural exchange. The digitization of historical maps using GIS technologies allows for detailed spatial analysis, modeling environmental changes, and understanding the urban evolution of these port cities. Challenges such as map accuracy, preservation issues, and cross-temporal data integration are discussed. The study emphasizes the potential of GIS in historical research despite these challenges.

Privacy preserving synchronization of directed dynamical networks with periodic data-sampling

Data privacy has become a key issue in networked systems, but few effort was devoted to privacy preservation issue in synchronization of nonlinear dynamical networks when data sampling is involved. This work focuses on the privacy preserving synchronization in a type of nonlinear dynamical network with sampled data. In order to preserve their private initial states, the nodes conceal the sampled data via certain deterministic perturbation, and exchange the masked data with their neighbors via the communication network. A novel privacy-preserving protocols with sampled data is developed, which differs from existing designs with continuous data, and a commonly used restriction on the nodes’ neighbor sets is unnecessary herein. By establishing a new Halalay-type inequality with decaying perturbation, some sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee synchronization without disclosing the nodes’ privacy, revealing how the decaying rate of the masking functions, the topology and the sampling period influence synchronization. Furthermore, in order to reduce the control update, the analogue of the above design with event-trigger is also given, leading to another useful condition for privacy preserving synchronization. Some numerical examples are finally given to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed designs.

Confronting Taphonomic Challenges from Excavation Through Curation of Human Remains

Taphonomy as it applies to human remains from archaeological contexts typically considers issues of preservation and diagenesis in the burial environment. Less attention has been paid to biocultural taphonomic factors including excavation techniques, expertise of excavators, and post-excavation treatment. The ways in which human remains are transported from the field to the lab and long-term storage area; effects of field conservation; how skeletons are cleaned, stored, and organized; the degree to which excavation records and osteological analyses are documented; and the management and maintenance of collections over time all have substantial impact on the ability to evaluate and contextualize them. Examples drawn from fieldwork and study of human remains from Cyprus, Egypt, Sudan, and the USA confront these human-induced taphonomic factors. Insufficient expertise and planning for storage and ongoing care of human remains may lead to missing or damaged skeletal elements, mixing, loss of provenience information, and limited accessibility. Best practices are recommended, even where locally available materials are limited. All archaeological projects in which human burials are anticipated must include experienced bioarchaeologists in fieldwork and study to minimize damage and loss of information and to ensure ethical treatment of human remains at all stages.

The Indo–Pacific Pollen Database – a Neotoma constituent database

Abstract. The Indo–Pacific Pollen Database (IPPD) is the brainchild of the late professor Geoffrey Hope, who gathered pollen records from across the region to ensure their preservation for future generations of palaeoecologists. This noble aim is now being fulfilled by integrating the IPPD into the online Neotoma Paleoecology Database, making this compilation available for public use. Here we explore the database in depth and suggest directions for future research. The IPPD comprises 226 fossil pollen records, most postdating 20 ka but with some extending as far back as 50 ka or further. Over 80 % of the records are Australian, with a fairly even distribution between the different Australian geographical regions, with the notable exception being Western Australia, which is only represented by three records. The records are also well distributed in the modern climate space, with the largest gap being in drier regions due to preservation issues. However, many of the records contain few samples or have fewer than five chronology control points, such as radiocarbon, luminescence or Pb-210, for the younger sequences. Average deposition time for the whole database, counted as years per centimetre, is 64.8 yr cm−1, with 61 % of the records having a deposition time shorter than 50 yr cm−1. The slowest deposition time by geographical region occurs on Australia's east coast, while the fastest times are from the western Pacific. Overall, Australia has a slower deposition time than the rest of the Indo–Pacific region. The IPPD offers many exciting research opportunities to investigate past regional vegetation changes and associated drivers, including contrasting the impact of the first human arrival and European colonisation on vegetation. Examining spatiotemporal patterns of diversity and compositional turnover/rate of change, land cover reconstructions, and plant functional or trait diversity are other avenues of potential research, amongst many others. Merging the IPPD into Neotoma also facilitates inclusion of data from the Indo–Pacific region into global syntheses.

Enhancing preservation: Addressing humidity challenges in Indonesian heritage buildings through advanced detection methods point cloud data

Heritage buildings are valuable assets that represent national cultural identity. Proper building maintenance is a major issue for preservation, as building monitoring aspects and preventive measures are often only taken after physical damage happens. In the context of Indonesian heritage buildings, high levels of humidity which may cause condensation and soil dampness are often overlooked. Early detection methods are urgently required to effectively detect potential risks of condensation. This study aims to investigate condensation risk for heritage building surfaces by calculating thermal properties (i.e., emissivity, albedo) and Blinn–Phong BRDF values through the integration of thermal imaging and 3D scanning techniques. This approach supports architects and conservators in making informed decisions to protect and maintain cultural heritage structures. The study also highlights gaps in current Indonesian regulations regarding moisture presence and condensation risk detection in heritage buildings.

Influencia del Medioambiente en la Calidad de Vida en un Entorno Macroeconómico en el Perú

We live in a globalized world that faces important environmental challenges, where there is an interconnection between the natural environment, human well-being and macroeconomics. In order to explore this relationship, the main objective of this article was to analyze the influence of the environment on the quality of life in a macroeconomic context in Peru. With a methodological approach that seeks to integrate the environmental, socioeconomic and macroeconomic dimensions, with an orderly and systematic exploration of the selected information, results were obtained that show a clear connection between the environment, quality of life and macroeconomics in the Peruvian context; therefore, it is essential that governments integrate the issue of environmental preservation into all public policies, since environmental degradation has negative repercussions on human life as well as on economic stability, especially in countries that lack the necessary resources to face sudden or recurrent natural disasters, such as Peru.

Exploring the Adaptive Conservation and Development of Chongqing's Historic Buildings

Historical and cultural heritage is an essential part of human civilisation. Nowadays, in the progress of a society that emphasises sustainable development, the simultaneous modernisation and preservation of historical and cultural heritage has become a criterion for the degree of urban advancement. However, in China's large-scale urban renewal and renovation, many old urban structures and historical relics are being submerged by the pace of modernisation. Therefore, we need to strengthen the awareness of protection, while exploring deeply under the conditions of market economy to respond to the historical preservation issues in the development of ancient towns in a flexible and effective way. In tourism development, new ancient towns with traditional market style can be reconstructed to integrate them with modern life. This not only promotes the development of urban characteristics, but also injects new vitality into traditional culture and enriches the historical connotation of the city. However, some worrying situations of historical and cultural preservation have also emerged. For example, some people regard historical culture as a cash cow and blindly carry out temporary imitation of antique commodity blocks, leading to the chaos of cultural landscape; some people carry out one-sided and isolated protection, which makes the historical buildings incompatible with the modern life and so on. Therefore, there is an urgent need for domestic academics to explore effective methods for the conservation and utilisation of historic buildings, so as to ensure that the conservation and development of historic buildings can embark on a healthy path.

Digital Textile Printing and Batik Preservation: A Bibliometric Analysis via VOSviewer

This study examines digital textile printing as an opportunity and, simultaneously, a threat to batik preservation. The study used a bibliometric approach through VOSviewer computational mapping analysis. Article data is obtained from the Google Scholar database using the Publish or Perish reference manager application. The title and abstract of the article are used to guide the search process by referring to the keywords "digital textile printing" and "batik preservation." From the search results of 1000 articles, we found 771 articles that were considered relevant. The study period used as study material is Google Scholar-indexed articles for the last 5 years (2018–2023). The results showed that research related to textile digital printing and batik preservation identified several terms: study, batik, batik preservation development, ink, textile, technology, fabric, digital printing, digital textile printing, and application. From the clusters contained in the network visualization, it can be known: Cluster 1 has 37 items and is marked in red; Cluster 2 has 33 items and is marked in green; Cluster 3 has 27 items and is marked in blue; Cluster 4 has 21 items and is marked in yellow; Cluster 5 has 19 items and is marked in purple; Cluster 6 has 14 items and is marked in light blue; Cluster 7 has 14 items and is marked in orange; Cluster 8 has 12 items and is marked in brown; and Cluster 9 has 2 items and is marked in light purple. Based on the analysis of the development of digital printing, textile publications in the last 5 years show frequent fluctuations. In 2018–2019, it experienced a significant increase from 116 to 200, and then in 2020, the condition decreased to 167. From 2021 to 2022, there was a significant increase of 198 and 238, respectively. We examined how many articles have been published about digital textile printing and its relation to the issue of batik preservation using VOSviewer. This review can serve as a starting point for research related to other materials, especially technological developments related to textiles and batik.

Canine Surrogacy Approach: Applications for Studying North American Pre-Colonial Diets

Studying human diets through isotopic signatures can come with multiple challenges, primarily the availability and feasibility of utilizing human tissues, such as bone, teeth, hair, or coprolites. This may be due to preservation issues, the destructive nature of the analysis, ethics, or legislature. To mitigate these issues, it has become increasingly popular for researchers to utilize tissues from animals. In order for this method to be used successfully, an animal that would have consumed a diet similar to that of its human companions must be utilized. Due to the close relationship between humans and dogs in many past cultures worldwide, a method called the Canine Surrogacy Approach (CSA) has proved successful in many regions where dogs were known to have subsisted on human foods. This method is useful for colonized regions, as the archaeological remains of Indigenous people are often only subjected to bioarchaeological analysis if descendant groups grant explicit permission. This paper highlights and discusses the usefulness of this method in North America with reference to ethnographic and ethnohistoric accounts of dog provisioning. Three case studies are presented, which exhibit the applications of the CSA in different regions of the United States and Canada. Each case study approaches the CSA in different ways, showcasing the various applications of this method utilizing a variety of bioarchaeological remains. In closing, the usefulness of applying the CSA method in future studies of the dispersal of maize in the period before colonization in Canada is emphasized.