Pension Issues Research Articles

International Legal Regulation of Pension Provision of Workers of the Eurasian Economic Union Member States

Introduction. The present article examines the conditions of the formation and functioning of the pension protection system for member states’ workers of the Eurasian Economic Union. The study of pension issues in the EAEU is based, inter alia, on the review of a number of international treaties as the legal framework of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space. In the context of this work the author has also conducted a comprehensive analysis of the provisions of the Agreement on pension provision of workers of the Eurasian Economic Union Member States dated December 20, 2019 as well as the relevant practice of the EAEU Court.Materials and methods. In the course of preparing the article, international treaties included in the legal framework of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space in the field of pension provision for migrant workers, as well as the relevant norms of the Union law and the practice of the EAEU Court, have been studied. The theoretical basis of this work consists of the research of domestic specialists in the field of international law, dedicated to the common labor market of the EAEU. The methodological basis of the study is the following general scientific methods of cognition of legal phenomena: methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and analogy. The special scientific methods that the author has also used in his research include formal legal, comparative legal and historical legal methods of cognition.Research results. As a result of the analysis, it has been revealed that the development and signing in 2019 of the Agreement on pension provision of workers of the Eurasian Economic Union Member States is a key step in building a pension system for workers in the EAEU countries. Despite the fact that this international treaty, which entered into force on January 1, 2021, is still standing the test of time, there is no doubt that its implementation is one of the important conditions for the successful functioning of the Union’s common labor market.Discussion and conclusion. Ensuring the free movement of labor within the framework of modern regional integration organizations is inextricably linked with providing workers with equal guarantees in the field of pension provision, as well as the protection of their acquired pension rights. It is possible that the positive dynamics of labor migration in the EAEU is due, among other things, to the transition to a qualitatively new level of legal regulation of pension provision for workers in its member states. At the same time, as follows from the analysis of the practice of the EAEU Court, the interest of states in clarifying certain norms of the Union law in the relevant area remains quite high.

If it is adequate, it is not affordable: stakeholder perceptions on opportunities and constraints for pension reform in Indonesia

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to emphasise the urgent need for pension policy reform within Indonesia’s social security system.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology employed in this research includes qualitative techniques such as in-depth interviews and thematic content analysis.FindingsThe findings suggest various measures for pension reform, including revising eligibility criteria, adjusting benefit designs to cover housing and transportation costs, promoting Defined Benefit Plans, enforcing compliance, addressing insufficient contributions, advocating for transparency, and aligning social assistance programs with pension system enhancements. However, there is a trade-off between the adequacy of pension benefits and the amount of resources required.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited by the need for more individuals knowledgeable about pension issues in Indonesia, primarily due to their high-ranking positions, making access challenging and potentially compromising the small sample size in research.Practical implicationsThe research underscores the importance of maintaining policy consistency. It proposes a gradual increase in pension contributions as a pivotal strategy to ensure sustained financial security for retirees, particularly in the face of fiscal constraints. Also, the government should undertake comprehensive reforms, encompassing the revision of eligibility criteria, adjustment of minimum benefit designs, encouragement of employer contributions and effective management of compliance issues.Social implicationsSocial implications emphasise the importance of enhancing the financial security of retirees within Indonesia’s ageing population.Originality/valueThe originality and value of the research lie in guiding pension reform from the viewpoint of key policymakers involved in Indonesia’s pension system.

FORECASTING THE REAL AVERAGE RETIREMENT BENEFIT IN THE UNITED STATES USING OWA OPERATORS

The issue of pensions has become increasingly topical. This paper presents the ordered weighted averaging real average pension (OWARAP) operator. The OWARAP operator is based on the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and calculates the future average retirement benefit taking into account price changes. Moreover, this work extends the OWARAP operator by using order-inducing variables, generalized means, and probabilities. This paper ends by analyzing the applicability of the OWARAP operator and its extensions in forecasting the real average Social Security benefits for retired workers in each state of the United States (U.S.). The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in retirement decision making.

Public Message Analysis Based on LDA-BERT-BiLSTM -- Taking the “Leadership Message Board” of People’s Daily Website as an Example

Abstract [Objective/Significance] This article explores the theme of elderly care and its emotional trend, providing a scientific basis for formulating and optimizing elderly care policies, thereby improving the quality of elderly care services and promoting the harmonious and stable development of society. [Method/Process] This study uses the message data related to pension issues in the “leadership message board” platform of People’s Daily Online as the research object, the LDA model to extract relevant topics, and the BERT-BiLSTM model to analyze the emotional trend changes of each subject. [Result/Conclusion] The research results show that the theme of pension covers 16 sub-subjects, such as “environmental noise problem of pension,” “pension community construction planning,” and “retirement pension policy treatment.” The classification accuracy of the BERT-BiLSTM model is 0.89, and the F1 value is 0.86, which shows its superiority in sentiment evolution analysis. The expression of negative emotions in pension theme messages is generally higher than that of neutral and positive feelings, and the elderly group’s emotional attitude shows significant differences under different themes of raising older people.

乡村振兴战略背景下农村养老问题探究

乡村振兴战略背景下农村养老问题探究

Issue salience and feedback effects: the case of pension reforms

ABSTRACT What is the relationship between social policy reforms and issue salience in public opinion? Extensive research analyses policy feedbacks on policy preferences and the influence of policy preferences on policy change. Scant research, however, considers the link between reforms and issue salience – i.e., the perception of importance citizens attach to a topic. We address this gap in the literature through the comparative study of the salience of the ‘pension issue’. Drawing on a novel dataset covering 2010–2020 and 28 European countries, we argue that the passage of pension reforms shapes pension salience. Multilevel fixed effects models indicate that pension reforms that include either contracting or expansionary provisions are positively related to pension salience. In contrast, expansionary and contracting reforms, by themselves, are not robustly associated with pension salience.

Challenges Hampering Retirement Planning among Civil Servants in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Retirement Plans (RP) mitigates hardship and frustration faced by would-be retirees. Ineffective retirement planning among Nigerian civil servants is one of the leading causes of severe hardship, frustration, and even premature death after retirement. Previous studies on pension issues have not paid adequate attention to RP. Voluntary Social Action and Exchange theories provided the framework, while cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were gathered using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Poor salary, inadequate financial knowledge, lack of entrepreneurial skills, and social burdens were challenges identified by civil servants in Kaduna state as hampering their RP. This study was therefore to investigate the challenges associated with retirement planning among civil servants in the Kaduna Metropolis

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОГО ПЕНСИОННОГО СТРАХОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ

Article dedicated to pension issues. The ba-sis of pension provision in all countries is the responsibility of generations. That is, those who work now support those who are now retired. Indeed, this is the Bismarckian sys-tem, but it allows the state to carry out its main function – to provide those who can no longer work with the necessary benefits. In this article, the author considers the stages of reforming pension insurance in Russia and presents the possibilities of stable pen-sion provision.

How Aging Can Influence Japan and the Measurements Can be Taken?

Aging has become a serious problem faced by many countries in the world today, and Japan is one of the countries that suffers the most, with one-third of Japan's population being filled with elderly people. Therefore, this article will introduce the impact of the aging process on Japan, such as labor issues, pension issues, and market changes. Faced with these problems and changes, the Japanese government and society have taken some measures, such as postponing the retirement age, using artificial intelligence or alternative labor such as foreign workers. This article attempts to use Japan as an example to find a way out for an aging society, which may be one of the main concerns of some countries in the future.

Evaluation on service quality in institutional pensions based on a novel hierarchical DEMATEL method for PLTSs

In recent years, to address the continued aging of China’s population, the Chinese government has focused on the issue of pensions through a series of pension policies. The traditional system of institutional pensions is facing serious challenges, with a variety of novel pension modes placing them under enormous pressure. Furthermore, the development of institutional pensions has been restricted by many factors, such as long construction cycles and high fees, meaning that this traditional system no longer meets the pension needs of the elderly. Improving the service quality of institutional pensions is inevitable for future progress. Thus, identifying the key factors that influence the service quality of institutional pensions, and understanding the relationships between these factors, is hugely significant. Furthermore, traditional decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method can not solve this problem because the number of factors is too large. To address these issues, we establish an evaluation system for Chinese pension institutions, and propose a hierarchical DEMATEL model based on probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs), which can help decision makers to find the key factors influencing service quality in institutional pensions and deal with the evaluation problem with a large number of criteria. The proposed hierarchical DEMATEL model based on PLTSs fully reflects experts’ preferences and evaluation information, and is able to identify the directions in which China’s pension institutions should improve their quality of service. In addition, we use the best-worst method (BWM) to calculate the importance values of each subsystem, which makes the cause-effect relationship between subsystems more reasonable than the traditional DEMATEL method. Finally, we apply our method to evaluate nursing homes in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province and propose some managerial implications.

IMF Engagement on Pension Issues in Surveillance and Program Work

IMF Engagement on Pension Issues in Surveillance and Program Work

"We are returning...". Issues of pension provision in the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation.

One of the main directions of the state's social policy is to support the elderly. In the Russian Federation, after the last pension reform of 2018, the issue of pension provision has become one of the main points of tension in the relationship between the state and society, which was reflected in the federal election campaign of 2021. The subject of study in this article is the proposals of political parties in the field of pension policy. The election programs of the parties in the 2021 elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation were used as the object of the study. The author examines the attitude of the authors of pre-election programs to certain aspects of pension reform, including changes in the retirement age, the direction of further reforms, social protection of pensioners and pre-retirees, in addition, a comparison with the position of the parties in 2016 was made. The results of the study are based on the use of general scientific methods and principles of scientific knowledge, a systematic approach, comparative analysis and historical objectivity. Despite the continued significant interest of the population in the pension problem in 2021, which sharply increased after the retirement age was increased, the parties were unable to fully realize the potential of this issue. Speaking from critical positions, they focused on counter-reform, reducing most of the proposals to a return to the past, practically offering no innovations. Most of the statements on raising the level of pensions were clearly populist in nature and had no mechanism for their implementation. Regarding the 2016 elections, opposition parties have noticeably intensified criticism of the existing system and the Pension Fund of Russia. United Russia, on the other hand, distanced itself as much as possible from the pension reform, without touching on the latest changes in its election theses. It can be expected that in the next election cycle, the pension issue will retain the status of one of the central issues in the election campaign.

Pension investment and pension capital as the objects of institutional analysis

This article examines the formation of institutional characteristics of pension investment of the Russian society. The goal lies in substantiation of feasibility of application of the institutional approach to relatively new elements of the Russian pension system – pension investment and formation of pension capital. The author observes the current social inquiry for the development of institutional practices of pension investment. The process of establishment of the institution of pension investment entail the manifestation of such aspects as: sources of the formation of institutions, sustainability, absence of violent fluctuations, share of the institutional norms by all its members, etc. Using the method of standardized mass survey within the framework of quantitative paradigm, the author carried out the applied sociological research, which involved the working-age population. The novelty of this work lies in the attempt of institutional determination of the new social institutions: pension investment and pension capital; classification of the “pension issue” into a separate field of sociological knowledge. The acquired results indicate the emergence of social groups that are ready for sustainable pension investment practices, as well as certain population groups that demonstrate nihilism in this regard. It is stated that the declared institutional approach is relevant to sphere of pension investment; however, the formation of sustainable social entities requires the legitimate conditions for including more extensive groups into the processes of formation of pension capital. The presented materials can be valuable for the dealing with similar social issues, used in lectures on the topic, as well as by government representatives of all levels.

Pension Funds in Zimbabwe: A Guide for Contributors and Beneficiaries

Pensions is one of the most poignant subjects in Zimbabwe. A lot of people lost their lifetime savings between 2004 and 2009 without any recourse. As a result many Zimbabweans no longer trust pension funds at all. They view such institutions as instruments for milking their money. The issue has been exacerbated by the fact that little is being done to educate the general citizenry about this emotive topic. Financial literacy levels remain generally low. Consequently, pension fund trustees face a major challenge to ensure that people are adequately informed about various pension fund developments. Over the past few months, I have received various enquiries from members of the public who seek clarity on various pension issues. Some of the questions have been asked several times by different individuals, hence my decision to write this article. I have tried as much as possible to write in layman’s terms so that it becomes easy to understand. I have divided the article into some small sections.

Interaction of the trade union organization with internal stakeholders of educational institution

This article analyzes the interaction of the trade union organization with the internal stakeholders of the educational institution on the example of the experience of the People's Ukrainian Academy. The internal stakeholders of the educational and scientific complex have been identified: the staff (teachers, teaching and support staff), students, graduates, public organizations and councils of the academy; structural subdivisions, medical service, labor protection service; departments, sports club, etc.
 The main directions of the work of the trade union organization are allocated: care of health preservation; labor protection; social protection; help in acute life situations; catering; conducting cultural and sports programs; explanatory and consulting work (health care, pension issues, etc.). The structure of the integral part of the Trade Union Organization of the PUA - Trade Union of Students is considered and its main functional responsibilities are indicated: creation of a pro-staff in each academic group and organization of its work; conducting projects and programs to maintain a healthy lifestyle; patronage of senior courses over juniors and schoolchildren of the Specialized School of Economics and Law; assistance to students in solving educational and housing problems; organization of cultural and sports creative projects; holding a competition for the "Best Room" in the hostel; assistance in the organization of rest and improvement of students during the winter and summer vacations.
 The experience of the trade union committee in using the capabilities of all internal stakeholders of KhUH "PUA" to achieve a synergistic effect that facilitates the process of human adaptation to the conditions of constant change is presented.

Construire un système de retraite juste et soutenable

The organization of France’s pension schemes could be significantly transformed starting in 2022 with the gradual introduction of a system of universal pension points, without altering the current pay-as-you-go financing. This systemic reform, which was initially approved by the National Assembly on 5 March 2020 after the government invoked Article 49.3 [which strengthens the government’s power to compel adoption of legislation], was subsequently suspended by President Macron on 16 March 2020 due to the Covid-19 crisis. As a result, the future of this key reform of Macron’s five-year mandate is uncertain. The issue of pensions has nevertheless been placed at the heart of the country’s public debate.

Bowel cancer screening workforce survey: developing the endoscopy workforce for 2025 and beyond

AimThe demand for bowel cancer screening (BCS) is expected to increase significantly within the next decade. Little is known about the intentions of the workforce required to meet this demand....

ДЕЯКІ ПИТАННЯ ВИПЛАТИ ПЕНСІЙ ОСОБАМ, ЯКІ ПОСТРАЖДАЛИ ВНАСЛІДОК ВІЙСЬКОВОГО КОНФЛІКТУ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ

The article focuses on the study of the problems of payment of pensions to internally displaced persons and residents of the occupied territories of Donbas. As Ukraine today faces a problem unknown to it – the need to address issues related to the payment of pensions to victims of the armed conflict in the Eastern Ukraine, there is a need to develop effective mechanisms for exercising the right for pensions for these categories of persons. Normative acts and practice of application of the legislation on provision of pensions of internally displaced persons and persons living in the temporarily occupied territories are analysed. The article shows the features of legal regulation of provision of pensions and develops theoretical and practical proposals and recommendations. Emphasis is made on the fact that the occupation of Ukrainian territories and the military aggression of the Russian Federation have forced Ukraine to respond to the problems of Ukrainian citizens affected by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. It is concluded that the establishment of a special procedure for repayment of arrears of pension benefits for the past period by a court decision restricts internally displaced persons in the right for a pension and is illegal. Non-payment of pensions to residents of the occupied territories of Donbas violates their constitutional right for a pension. Emphasis is placed on the fact that such conditions are discriminatory, as other (less favourable) conditions for payment of pensions are defined. Based on the practice of application of the legislation, it was found that social protection bodies violate the constitutional rights of this category. It is proposed to strengthen the responsibility of officials for violating the constitutional rights of persons affected by the consequences of the armed conflict. It focuses on bringing Ukrainian legislation on pensions of persons who have suffered as a result of the occupation of Donbas in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine and international standards. It is proposed that the laws "On Compulsory State Pension Insurance" and "On Provision of Pensions" provide for a norm that would establish the obligation of officials who grant pensions to take into account the legal positions set forth in decisions of the Supreme Court and the results of their consideration of exemplary cases on pension issues. According to the author, it should be noted that ignoring this requirement entails disciplinary proceedings, and illegal refusal to pay a pension leads to criminal liability. With this purpose the author proposed to amend the Criminal Code and the supplement it with the article "Illegal refusal to appoint or pay a pension".

Change in the tax structure of the Republic of Croatia as a precondition for pension system reform

The pension system of the Republic of Croatia is subject to frequent inquiries, which can be summed up in two basic directions: the question of its financing, ie the rate of pension contributions that negatively affect the competitiveness of the economy, and the issue of pensions paid, which are often perceived as insufficient for the dignified life of pension beneficiaries. However, in the long run, the pension system will face the need for a thorough reform that will be caused by the longer life expectancy of the population and the increasing negative demographic tendencies that are particularly pronounced in the Republic of Croatia. The current contribution-based pension system will be less and less able to service its growing demands, and the reform needs to achieve two apparently conflicting goals: efficient financing while stimulating the competitiveness of the Croatian economy. It will be possible to achieve this by carefully devising a change in the tax structure and shifting the focus from income taxation to consumption taxation.

Enforcement reform in Ukraine – a one-time phenomenon or a constant process?

The scientific article examines the effectiveness and prospects of reforming law enforcement agencies of Ukraine. Issues that arose during the implementation of such a reform, which in turn affected the effectiveness of law enforcement in Ukraine, were highlighted. The issue of introduction of the project «Police detectives» is investigated. The meaning of the concept «police detectives» is revealed, the peculiarities of their work and results are given. Emphasis is placed on the need to make appropriate changes to existing regulations in connection with the reform, as most provisions aren’t consistent with each other or don’t fully regulate certain legal relations. Emphasis is placed on pension reform in Ukraine, highlighting key aspects of such reform. Par-ticular attention was paid, in particular, to the issue of pensions for employees of the National Police in the context of the reform, analyzed the regulations governing legal relations in this area. The problematic aspects of the exercise of the right to a pension by former law enforcement officers, in particular the pay-ment of pensions under the new recalculations, are highlighted. Specific examples from case law on the violation of the right to adequate pension provision are given.