Nutritional Issues Research Articles

How to best reshape diets to be healthier with lower or no ruminant meat, and implications for environmental pressures

Shifts in dietary patterns are important for both health and the environment, and ruminant meat has been highlighted as a critical cornerstone in this respect. Here, nonlinear and multi-objective diet optimization based on the consumption of French adults (INCA3, n = 1 125, 18–64 years old) have been used to model transitions towards nutritionally adequate and healthy dietary patterns under scenarios of either the direct removal or gradual reduction (in 10% steps) of ruminant meat, without or with preserving at best dietary habits, respectively. This has led to identify the nutritional issues when designing diets low in ruminant meat, and the dietary levers that make them nutritionally adequate and healthy. Overall, our main finding is that ruminant meat could readily be replaced by poultry. Such a gradual transition from ruminant meat to poultry should be accompanied by an in-depth restructuring to achieve a healthy diet, involving the early removal of processed meat and non-ruminant red meat and a gradual increase in healthy plant-based foods such as fruits and vegetables (reaching 800 g/d at the final step) and whole grain products (reaching 330 g/d). In terms of its expected environmental impacts, this transition would result in a gradual improvement in greenhouse gas emissions and land use (up to −29% and −36%, respectively), without changing cumulative energy demand but requiring an increase in water use (up to +47%). Finally, reducing ruminant meat forms part of a transitional feature that consists in replacing all red meat with poultry, which could result in healthy and nutritionally adequate dietary patterns aligned with reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

Investigating the environmental sustainability of a seabass and seabream aquaculture system in Portugal based on life cycle and nexus approaches

Aquaculture plays an essential role in supplying animal-source food and protein worldwide, in this way contributing to several sustainable development goals. Notwithstanding this, the aquaculture sector's long-term environmental sustainability is a major concern due to overall environmental impacts. To date, and to the best of the authors' knowledge, assessments of aquaculture systems in Portugal from an environmental perspective, and the nexus between resource consumption and nutrition issues, are still lacking. This study bridges this gap by analysing an aquaculture system in Portugal in a comprehensive manner by applying and combining life cycle assessment and resources–protein nexus approaches. The overall results highlight feed as the main factor responsible for the total impact in all impact categories selected, ranging from 74 % to 98 %. Climate change impact results in 2.88 kg CO2-eq per kg of medium-size fish (functional unit). The resources–protein nexus shows that 504.1 MJex is needed to obtain 1 kg of edible protein, with a high dependency on non-renewable resources (59 %), mainly oil by-product fuels used in feed production. After identifying environmental hotspots, potential strategies to be adopted such as resource consumption reduction, eco-certification and ecosystem-based management are suggested, in this way ensuring long-term aquaculture production and environmental sustainability.

Semielemental mixtures and their role in the nutrition of operated children

Abstract
 The lecture is intended for professionals dealing with issues of enteral nutrition in children. The lecture discusses the main indications for the use of mixtures based on hydrolyzed protein.
 The features of the gastrointestinal tract of young children are described, the advantages of using whey protein are noted.
 Key words: children, enteral nutrition, hydrolyzed protein, whey protein, early postoperative period

Nutritional Factors Affecting Stunting Among Toddlers

Background: Stunting is one of Indonesia's most serious nutritional issues. Malang Regency has a 12 percent prevalence of stunting in 2020, with Gondanglegi sub-district having 942 stunted children. One effort to improve toddler nutrition is the administration of colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding. Inappropriate colostrum administration, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding can all increase the risk of stunting in toddlers. Aims: this study aimed to identify the factors that cause stunting in toddlers based on their behavior in meeting their nutritional needs in Gondanglegi sub-district, Malang Regency. Methods: A total of 136 children aged 6 to 59 months were divided into two equal groups for the case-control study. The research was carried out at Ketawang and Gondanglegi Primary Health Centers in Indonesia's Gondanglegi sub-district. Weight and height measurements, a questionnaire-based interview, and a 24-hour food recall were all collected. With a significance level of 0,05, Chi-square was used to determine the factors influencing stunting. To perform multivariate analysis, logistic regression was used. Results: Colostrum administration, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding were all linked to stunting in bivariate analysis (p< 0.05). According to a multivariate analysis, exclusive breastfeeding (OR=4,8) is strongly associated with stunting among toddlers in Gondanglegi sub-district, Malang Regency, Indonesia. Conclusion: Breast milk contains many nutrients and antibodies that can protect babies from infection by reducing the duration and severity of illness that can lead to chronic malnutrition and stunting.

Developing a conceptual model for understanding nutritional problems and their negative impacts on quality of life among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study.

The purpose of this study was to obtain an in-depth understanding of nutritional problems and concerns among patients with type 2 diabetes and explored the negative impacts of those nutrition issues on health outcomes. A qualitative research method was used. Twenty-one adult patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a semi structured interview. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, and content analysis was used to identify themes. Four themes emerged from the analysis to represent nutritional problems and negative impacts: nutrition literacy, sociocultural aspects of nutrition, nutrition behaviours, and negative health outcomes. The study promoted further understanding of nutrition issues and negative impacts among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Personal, social, cultural and religious factors should all be taken into consideration when promoting nutrition care.

Perspective and Evaluation of Evidence-based Nutrition Models in the World

Nutrition science is an important scientific discipline that is both researched and taught in universities. Its findings are published not only in scientific literature, but also in magazines, newspapers, books, articles, and social media. Professionals and non-professionals often discuss healthy nutrition on television. Healthy nutrition is crucial for achieving a high quality of life, establishing a healthy lifestyle, and preventing diseases. Raising awareness and providing training on food, nutrition, and health issues can improve public health. In education, the basic principle is to determine adequate and balanced nutrition and appropriate physical activity levels for protecting individual and public health. Adequate and balanced nutrition is achieved by consuming recommended amounts of energy and food elements, according to personal characteristics and within a diverse diet. The practice of evidence-based nutrition entails utilizing the most reliable and current nutritional evidence, in combination with clinical experience, to assist individuals in the prevention, management, or coping with physical, mental, and social issues. This practice requires searching for and understanding clinical research, evidence, and nutrition.

Synergistic Integration of Time Series Optical and SAR Satellite Data for Mariculture Extraction

Mariculture is an important part of aquaculture, and it is important to address global food security and nutrition issues. However, seawater environmental conditions are complex and variable, which causes large uncertainties in the remote sensing spectral features. At the same time, mariculture types are distinct because of the different types of aquaculture (cage aquaculture and raft aquaculture). These factors bring great challenges for mariculture extraction and mapping using remote sensing. In order to solve these problems, an optical remote sensing aquaculture index named the marine aquaculture index (MAI) is proposed. Based on this spectral index, using time series Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite data, a random forest classification scheme is proposed for mapping mariculture by combining spectral, textural, geometric, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscattering. The results revealed that (1) MAI can emphasize the difference between mariculture and seawater; (2) the overall accuracy of mariculture in the Bohai Rim is 94.10%, and the kappa coefficient is 0.91; and (3) the area of cage aquaculture and raft aquaculture in the Bohai Rim is 16.89 km2 and 1206.71 km2, respectively. This study details an effective method for carrying out mariculture monitoring and ensuring the sustainable development of aquaculture.

Congenital chylothorax managed with octreotide and skimmed milk: a case report

Pleural effusion occurs when a large amount of free fluid accumulates in the pleural space. A chylothorax is caused by chyle-containing lymphatic fluid draining into the pleural cavity. This is the most common type of pleural effusion observed during the neonatal period. It causes a number of respiratory and nutritional issues and has a significant mortality rate. It is usually treated by intercostal chest tube drainage and total parenteral nutrition. Octreotide is a relatively newer strategy in the management. Here we describe the case of a 16 days old male neonate who presented to us with sudden onset severe respiratory distress requiring invasive ventilation. Radiology suggested pleural effusion and so intercostal chest tube was inserted, which revealed Chylous effusion. The patient was successfully managed with dietary therapy including skimmed milk and octreotide infusion.

Nutrition nurse-led outpatient ‘hot’ clinics are efficient and cost-effective: a retrospective single-centre evaluation

Nutrition nurses work in multidisciplinary and nurse-led outpatient clinics. The daily nutrition nurse-led 'hot' clinic in this study sees patients for enteral or home parenteral nutritional support. Appointments may be for routine procedures or emergency reviews. This study aimed to identify activities and procedures performed in the nutrition nurse-led clinic, identifying admission avoidance activity. Nurse-held records for the period from April 2018 to March 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collated in an Excel spreadsheet for analysis and results are presented using descriptive statistics. Records covered a total of 590 patients, 294 men and 296 women with a median age of 59 years, and 606 procedures. Key activities were troubleshooting enteral feeding tubes (29%), insertion of fine-bore nasogastric feeding tubes (18%) and management of home parenteral nutrition issues (11%). The presenting problem or issue was resolved in 90% of patients, with no need for hospital admission or additional medical review. The nutrition nurse-led clinic provides an efficient and cost-effective service, preventing hospital admission and emergency department attendance in most cases.

Clinical nutrition in surgical oncology: Young AIOM-AIRO-SICO multidisciplinary national survey on behalf of NutriOnc research group.

Malnutrition is a common condition in cancer patients which is usually associated with functional limitations, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Based on the support of the young sections of Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) and Italian Society of Surgical Oncology (SICO) merged into the NutriOnc Research Group, we performed a multidisciplinary national survey with the aim to define the awareness of nutritional issues among healthcare professionals delivering anticancer care. The questionnaire was organized in four sections, as follows: Knowledge and practices regarding Nutritional Management of cancer patients; Timing of screening and assessment of Nutritional Status; Nutritional Treatment and prescription criteria; Immunonutrition and educational topics. The modules focused on esophagogastric, hepato-bilio-pancreatic and colorectal malignancies. Overall, 215 physicians completed the survey. As regards the management of Nutritional Status of cancer patients, many responders adopted the ERAS program (49.3%), while a consistent number of professionals did not follow a specific validated nutritional care protocol (41.8%), mainly due to lack of educational courses (14.5%) and financial support (15.3%). Nearly all the included institutions had a multidisciplinary team (92%) to finalize the treatment decision-making. Cancer patients routinely underwent nutritional screening according to 57.2% of interviewed physicians. The timing of nutritional assessment was at diagnosis (37.8%), before surgery (25.9%), after surgery (16.7%), before radiochemotherapy (13.5%) and after radiochemotherapy (7%). Most of the responders reported that nutritional status was assessed throughout the duration of cancer treatments (55.6%). An important gap between current delivery and need of nutritional assessment persists. The development of specific and defined care protocols and the adherence to these tools may be the key to improving nutritional support management in clinical practice.

Optimizing nutrition IN pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome.

Pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) encompasses a variety of rare, heterogeneous, and disabling disorders that severely affect gastrointestinal motility and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. PIPO management is complex and focuses on maintaining an optimal nutritional status, improving gut function, relieving symptoms, and treating complications. Nutritional issues prevail, and PIPO patients often experience severe undernutrition and faltering growth. Thus, nutritional management plays a pivotal role for achieving the most favorable clinical outcomes. The calorie and nutrient intake of each patient needs to be tailored to age, extent and severity of gut involvement and nutritional needs to support an optimal nutritional status. After defining the extent and severity of gut dysmotility, an experienced team should perform a careful nutritional assessment. An oral diet should always be encouraged and might include bite and dissolve solids, liquid diet or simple oral stimulation. If oral caloric intake is inadequate, liquid gastric feeds should provide the subsequent step. In the presence of severe gastric dysmotility, continuous post-pyloric feeding represents a viable option. In the most severe cases, parenteral nutrition (PN) is required to meet appropriate nutritional requirements. Pediatric data on this topic are scarce and mainly extrapolated from adult studies. In this review, we discuss current evidence and knowledge regarding nutritional options, implications of the use of different feed types, including a blended diet, and the use of PN. Moreover, based on our experience and the evidence from the literature, we propose a flow chart to guide the nutritional management of PIPO patients.

Hematological and biochemical profiles in children with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study.

Cerebral palsy is a common pediatric neurological problem that has multiple comorbidities, including nutritional issues. Hematological and biochemical parameters significantly affect the health status of patients with cerebral palsy, and till now very few studies have analyzed these parameters. This study aimed to describe the hematological and biochemical parameters of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. This four-year observational study included children with cerebral palsy who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of a medical college teaching hospital.Hemoglobin, platelet count, white blood count (WBC), red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume, RBC indices, and biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, electrolytes, calcium and alkaline phosphatase) were noted and values (mean, standard deviation, and interquartile range) presented. Age and gender-based analyses were performed. The average hemoglobin level was 11.48 mg/dl, platelet count was 301.24×109/L, and WBC count was 11.13 109/L. Anemia was observed more commonly in males younger than nine years of age. Of 282 patients, 14 (4.96%) had a platelet count of less than 150×109/L. Abnormal alkaline phosphatase levels were observed more commonly in patients who were younger than nine years of age and in females more than males, and the difference was statistically significant. Protein levels and calcium levels were similar between both age groups. Anemia was more common in younger patients and males with cerebral palsy. Abnormal bone turnover markers (alkaline phosphatase) were more common in young patients and females with cerebral palsy. Understanding the differential effect of age and gender on various investigational parameters will help improve care of children with cerebral palsy by initiating appropriate and timely clinical interventions, thereby providing a better quality of life.

The slow rise of sourdough: a nutrition audit of the bread category highlights whole grain

The popularity of sourdough bread has increased, however, traditional methods and ingredients may not always be used. This study compared the Australian bread category (October 2019 and 2021), examining nutrition and health issues with a specific focus on sourdough products. Data from Sydney supermarkets (Aldi, Coles, IGA, Woolworths) and a bakery franchise (Bakers Delight) collected ingredients, nutrition information and on-pack claims. Product numbers increased 20% between time points (n = 669 v n = 800), led by flatbread (+100%). Sourdough (14%) grew +50% ahead of traditional white wheat (+35%), gluten-free (+12%), wholemeal (+5%) and multigrain bread (–31%). Half of all products (n = 408) met the Healthy Food Partnership sodium reformulation targets. Fermentation claims increased by 86% although products included non-traditional ingredients. Whole grain varieties (25%) remain the most nutritious choice within the category. Without a definition, fermentation claims may distract consumers, creating a “health halo” for sourdough products although health benefits are yet to be substantiated.

Dietitians as change agents for promoting healthy and sustainable food systems

Dietitians as change agents for promoting healthy and sustainable food systems

Nutritional Issues of School Children in S-City, Republic of Guatemala, from the Viewpoint of Children’s Physical Constitution and Strategies for Nutrition Improvement through School Lunch

Nutritional Issues of School Children in S-City, Republic of Guatemala, from the Viewpoint of Children’s Physical Constitution and Strategies for Nutrition Improvement through School Lunch

Introduction to the first issue of World Nutrition for 2023

Introduction to the first issue of World Nutrition for 2023

Post-Pandemic Spatial Decisions with University Students’ Awareness of Covid-19 Measures in The Built Environment

Background: Pandemic coordination boards, science boards, and operation centers were established worldwide to prevent the pandemic’s spread. These centers have published guidelines, posters, and brochures for public transportation places such as COVID-19 Risk Assessment, Guide, hospitals, workplaces, and public transportation to inform the communities. However, studies have not been conducted on how much these measures are applied in real life and how much people are conscious. Aims: In this study, the student’s awareness of COVID-19 precautions will be evaluated through the WELL criteria by examining the guide titled “Strategies from the WELL Building Standard to support the fight against COVID-19”. Methods: The survey questions were applied to 100 university students from different cities and departments in Turkiye to collect the research data. The data obtained from the questionnaires were applied to the study’s sample group and were coded over the questionnaire results via SPSS statistical program. Results: It is seen that only 45% of students have information about “water quality,” and only half of the students do sports during the pandemic period. In this period, 77 students declared that they paid attention to the issue of nutrition. 53 out of 100 students experienced sleep disorders. Moreover, according to the survey results, 52 students received psychological support. Conclusion: The WELL standard, using closed areas and creating awareness of COVID-19, is an important solution for the built environment against worldwide pandemics. Users’ behaviors and spatial requirements of the built environment will contribute to developing project ideas for designers, architects, and engineers.

Analysis of the features of the formation of nutrition highly qualified endurance athletes

The issue of nutrition of highly qualified athletes and their timely correction is relevant. Methods. Energy expenditure at rest was determined by indirect calorimetry (Fitmate, Cosmed, Italy; Oxycon Mobile, Germany). 50 highly qualified athletes specializing in biathlon and academic rowing participated in the study. The actual composition of the diets was assessed by individual food diaries. Analysis of rations was carried out using special programs. The results. The actual nutrition of athletes differs from the recommended intake of energy and essential nutrients. The total caloric content of the daily ration at the educational and training meeting in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle did not meet the minimum recommended norm. However, the individual energy value of the diet varied widely. A reduced relative content of carbohydrates was observed. The average actual content of proteins and fats in the diet of athletes corresponded to the norm. However, if you analyze their minimum and maximum number, you can observe a different picture - a deficit of the minimum and an excess of the maximum number. Conclusions. The analysis of food diaries of athletes revealed non-compliance with the basic principles of ration construction, namely: inconsistency of the energy value of the ration with the average daily energy expenditure, imbalance of the ration according to the main nutrients, inefficient distribution of the ration during the day taking into account the mode and nature of training. A significant deficit of carbohydrates in the diets of qualified athletes has been established. For example, in biathlon women's average carbohydrate consumption from the lower limit of the recommended range is only 60%, in men – 72%, and in academic rowing – 87%.

Feasibility Evaluation of an Android-based Nutrition App (Dietducate) Among Nutritionists Using the User Version of The Mobile Apps Rating Scale (uMARS)

Online nutrition consultations are one of the strategic measures utilized to address complex nutritional issues. The use of smartphones in Indonesia is on the rise, particularly smartphones with the Android operating system. Indonesia has entered the 4.0 Industrial Revolution, which involves the application of technology in a variety of fields, including the healthcare industry. One application of this technology is the creation of the android application "dietducate." Using the uMARS (End-User Version of The Mobile Apps Rating Scale) method, this study aims to assess the feasibility of the android-based health application "dietducate" for nutritionists. Utilizing the uMARS research method and a 5-point scale, the research design is quantitative. Using a technique of purposive sampling, up to 35 nutritionists were gathered as subjects. The application evaluation was conducted using the uMARS questionnaire. The results indicated that the application quality score was within the acceptable range (4.05 out of 5). The component outcomes are determined by four supporting factors: involvement, functionality, aesthetics, and information. The results of each score are 3.97, 4.03, 4.02, and 4.23, respectively. It can be concluded that nutritionists can utilize the dietducate application. This app is also regarded as user-friendly and efficient for completing nutritionists' work. However, there are too many advertisements and minor bugs that need fixing to optimize app performance.

Wild mushroom consumption in the P’urhépecha Plateau at Michoacán, México: social, ethnomycological and nutritional issues

Among Mesoamerican cultures, P’urhépecha settlers inhabiting Michoacán State in Central Mexico preserve ancestral tradition on mushrooms eating. Most mycological knowledge available for this ethnical group has been addressed in the Pátzcuaro’s Lake zone, whereas P’urhépecha communities in other cultural and ecological relevant geographic areas remain unstudied. Thus, this work describes the ethnomycological knowledge of a scarcely analyzed Arantepacua P’urhépecha community at Michoacán Plateau region. Through structured interviews and field collections, data on the use, knowledge, biomass extraction and nomenclature of wild mushrooms were obtained. A list of P’urhépecha names to design 16 wild mushrooms species and 11 fruitbody components is documented and studied community used Spanish popular names to describe 21 wild mushrooms species and 11 fruitbody structures. Most valuable consumed mushroom species for Arantepacua settlers belong to the Amanita, Boletus, Hypomyces and Ramaria genera. Gender roles on mushrooms collect and cooking, new terms in P’urhépecha dialect to refer the parts of a fruitbody and vegetative mycelium, as well as local recipes and nutritional relevance of the mushroom species consumed by studied community are addressed and discussed. The ethnomycological knowledge documented contributes new terms in P’urhépecha to name the parts of an agarical fruitbody, the mycelium and empirical knowledge about mycorrhizal associations. This was the first P’urhépecha ethnomycological study made outside the Lake Pátzcuaro basin.