Minor Issues Research Articles

RESEARCHING THE ISSUES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN KAZAKHSTAN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY AND EXISTENTIALISM

The study of ethnic minority issues in Kazakhstan through the lens of modern philosophy and existentialism is vital for understanding the social and cultural processes in the country. This research aims to analyze the life strategies and identities of ethnic minorities, exploring their interactions with society and state institutions from the perspectives of existentialism and contemporary social philosophy. The study is of significant academic importance as it contributes to a deeper understanding of the cultural and social dynamics in Kazakhstan's multicultural environment. The practical significance of the work lies in developing suggestions for improving policies in integration and cultural adaptation. The research methodology includes qualitative methods such as interviews and analysis of social media content. These methods allow for an in-depth examination of the personal experiences of ethnic minorities and their interactions with societal structures. Key findings demonstrate that philosophical and existential aspects play a significant role in preserving identity and aiding social adaptation of ethnic minorities. The research underscores the need for deeper interaction between state structures and minorities to create an effective model of multicultural interaction. This study makes an important contribution to social sciences by expanding the understanding of mechanisms of social integration and cultural dynamics in Kazakhstan. The practical value of this work lies in the potential to use the results to adjust cultural and educational programs aimed at supporting multiculturalism and social harmony.

Preservation of breast ligamentous structures in mastopexy: achieving aesthetic excellence with minimal complications

Background: Breast ptosis has traditionally been addressed through mastopexy techniques, but there is an increasing focus on preserving breast anatomy to minimize complications. This includes conserving critical ligamentous and fascial structures, considering that traditional techniques may lead to loss of support and adverse outcomes. Objective: The study aims to introduce a novel mastopexy technique that prioritizes ligament preservation, with the option to include breast implants, emphasizing patient safety and exceptional aesthetic outcomes. Design: The study design included a descriptive statistical analysis of a novel mastopexy technique applied to 138 patients with a minimum 1-year follow up, performed by a single surgeon in San José, Costa Rica, from August 2020 to September 2022. Preoperative measurements, breast implant data, and postoperative outcomes were described. Results: A total of 138 patients who underwent preservation mastopexy were analyzed. The median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 33 – 45) with a 28-month median follow-up. Preoperative measurements included a median nipple-to-inframammary fold distance of 9.5 cm (IQR 8 – 11) and a base diameter of 10.5 cm (IQR 10 – 11). Major complications included one readmission for hematoma drainage (0.7%), no major flap or nipple loss, and minor issues involving dog ears (1.4%) and hypertrophic scars (1.4%) requiring revisions. No seroma or implant-related complications were reported. Discussion: This study’s innovative mastopexy technique prioritizing breast ligament preservation, with or without adjunctive implants, achieved excellent aesthetics and low complications. This approach, aligned with personalized breast surgery principles, demonstrates the significance of preserving ligamentous support and natural breast architecture. Safety concerns were effectively addressed, emphasizing the technique’s ability to reduce adverse events, substantiated by statistical evidence and earlier studies. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a low complication rate and favorable aesthetic outcomes with a novel mastopexy technique that prioritizes breast ligament preservation. It utilizes breast implants when needed as an addendum to preexisting breast tissue, basing its selection on objective measurements and overall body proportions.

MINORITY PROBLEMS AND ETHNIC POLITICS IN NIGERIA: A NEXUS FOR NATIONAL INTEGRATION 1960 - 2015.

Nigeria’s journey towards national integration has been intricately entwined with its handling of minority issues and ethnic politics. This paper delves into the historical trajectory of Nigeria from its independence in 1960-2015, focusing on the complex interplay between minority grievances, ethnic politics, and the quest for national cohesion. The analysis encompasses key events, policies, and socio-political dynamics that have shaped Nigeria’s landscape during this period. The challenges faced by minority groups in various regions, such as the issues of marginalization, discrimination, and socio-economic disparities were captured in the paper. The paper also highlights instances of resilience, dialogue, and policy initiatives aimed at addressing minority grievances and fostering inclusivity. The paper observed that the politics of winner takes all syndrome simulated an attitude of hate and plunder that got to a radical level during and after the first republic in that the seed of ethnicity and minority problem germinated against a meaningful cohesion of the various ethnic groups and territorial sub-division of the country. Although the adoption of Federalism was meant to accommodate the minority groups, several unsuccessful attempts were made to harness political integration for the country. The paper came up with recommendations on steps to be taken at ensuring national integration.

Introduction of List of Plant Diseases in Korea 6.1st Edition (2023 Revised Version)

More than a year has passed after the 6th edition of ‘List of Plant Diseases in Korea (LPDK)’ was published in April 2022. The 6.1st edition (2023) of List of Plant Diseases in Korea was made by correcting errors found in the 6th edition of list and adding new diseases reported after the 6th edition. There were 397 corrections from the 6th edition, most of which were simple spelling errors or minor issues. However, 12 diseases were deleted due to duplication or unclear literature proof, and 2 diseases had their diseases’ common names changed. We added 158 diseases that were reported before 2021 but not included in the 6th edition, or reported after the 6th edition. After all, 146 diseases were added to the 6,534 diseases in the 6th edition, resulting in a total of 6,680 diseases in the 6.1st edition. Thirty host taxa were also added, increasing the number from 1,390 in the 6th edition to 1,420 in the 6.1st edition. Pathogens were also added to 62 taxa, from 2,400 in the 6th edition, bringing the total to 2,462 taxa in the 6.1st edition. Ultimately, the 6.1st edition (2023) of ‘The List of Plant Diseases in Korea’ contains 6,680 diseases caused by pathogens of 2,462 taxa on 1,420 hosts. The 6.1st edition is not printed as a book, but is provided through the online ‘List of Plant Diseases in Korea’ (https://genebank.rda.go.kr/kplantdisease.do).

Medicine Users' Perspectives on Self-medication

This paper provides an anthropological assessment on self-medication practices. It seeks to investigate representations associated with self-medication and identify contextual elements which can reinforce or inhibit such practice by employing medicine-users' perspective on the non-compliance of prescription. Primarily based on the informal conversations/interviews with 10 informants, it analyzes how socio-cultural and different forces shape our understanding of and actions towards health, illness and healing and the ways of wondering and behaving related to self-medication. It explores a few determinants for self-medication including the influence of medicine-sellers, circle of family members and friends, the role of pharmaceutical marketing, notion of the health problem as transitory and a minor issue, familiarity with and easy access to certain medicines, and difficulties in access to health care professionals. It concludes that the ubiquity of cultural practice of self-medication is the function of the concept of people on inaccessibility, time consumption, unaffordability and dissatisfaction in the delivery of formal health care services.

Surgical Treatment of Sternal Fracture: Case Report and Literature Review

Sternal fractures are uncommon thoracic trauma that can ensue in isolation or conjunction with other organ injuries, implying more significant morbidity and mortality. These fractures result from diverse aetiological mechanisms, some of which may provoke minor chest wall issues, while others can have deadly outcomes. The sternal fracture’s primary aetiological culprits are direct impact and the upper thoracic region’s compression. Studies reveal that traumatic sternum fractures occur in 8-18% of blunt thoracic and polytrauma victims, whereas they are unusual in open trauma. This report aims to outline the case of a 54-year-old Caucasian male with hypertension and an alcohol consumption history who sustained a direct impact on the anterior thorax after a traffic accident. He experienced severe pain that worsened with movement and coughing, and breathing difficulty. We noticed a painful haematoma and depression with bony crepitus at the sternal body level. Abdominal-pelvic echography indicated no intraabdominal lesions and showed pleural effusion in the left lung base, while thoracic X-rays (lateral and anteroposterior view) and chest computerized tomography (CT) scan exhibited mid-sternum segment displaced fracture and haemothorax. We diagnosed a mid-sternum completely displaced overlapping fracture and a traumatic left haemothorax. Therefore, urgent surgical intervention was required. We performed a minimal-lower pleurotomy and internal fixation to address the fracture. His post-operative recovery was satisfactory. Although various authors advocate X-rays as an effective diagnostic means for sternal fractures, CT uncovers overlooked radiography abnormalities; therefore, CT must be considered in patients’ initial assessment. While most sternal fractures can be treated conservatively, surgery is feasible in displaced fractures.

Exploring Research and Service Information System Usability by Heuristic Evaluation as a Compelement of System Usability Scale

The Research and Community Service Information System of LPPM University Lancang Kuning is a web-based application designed to facilitate research and community service activities at the university. This study incorporated two methodologies: a descriptive approach with qualitative analysis for heuristic data collection, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) method, employing quantitative analysis. The research process included stages of problem analysis, literature review, data collection, data analysis, and formulating recommendations based on the findings and discussions. The heuristic evaluation, the first method applied, revealed that aspects H1, H3, and H4 scored 1 when rounded, indicating these were merely cosmetic issues not requiring immediate attention unless spare time was available. Conversely, aspects H2, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, and H10 scored 2 when rounded, categorizing them as minor usability issues needing resolution, albeit with low priority, to prevent potential user difficulties. Recommendations for these seven heuristic aspects scoring 2 encompassed improvements in system information clarity, feedback processes, image utilization, color selection, grammar quality, and writing consistency. The second method, the SUS, indicated that most users demonstrated adequate skills in terms of learnability, efficiency, memorability, error management, and overall satisfaction with their system usage experience.

Етнічні, освітні та релігійні аспекти в державотворчій ідеології українських націоналістів у першій половині ХХ століття

The article is devoted to issues of the ideology of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) in the field of education, church and religion, issues of national minorities and peoples who lived on the territory of Ukraine in the first half of the 20th century. The authors note that in the interwar period, the OUN did not attach much importance to the issue of national minorities, and among some members of the OUN there was a somewhat critical attitude towards the Polish and Russian peoples. Such a situation with regard to the mentioned national groups was determined by historical realities, as well as by such factors as the deterioration of the attitude of the Polish authorities towards Ukrainians in Galicia, mass repressions and famines against Ukrainians in the territories controlled by the USSR. The position of representatives of the OUN towards national minorities was changing and brought its positive results, which is confirmed by the facts of the cooperation of the OUN and the UPA with representatives of various national minorities, including Russians, Poles, Jews and others. The article also analyzes the views of all OUN groups on the role of religion in the state, which evolved over time in the direction of democratic standards of religious pluralism and indifference. The role of the religious factor in the education of citizens was defined as paramount. The need to unify churches was put forward as a priority idea. It was the Christian religion that was recognized as the basis of morality and spiritual peace of the Ukrainian people, and the unification of Ukrainian Christian churches was considered a national necessity. Ukrainian nationalists were aware of the leading role of the educational sphere in the promotion of statist ideas, and therefore promoted absolute state control over the latter. As the authors note, the state ideology in the independent Ukrainian state was to be Ukrainian nationalism. In the concepts of the future Ukrainian state, considerable attention was also paid to the problem of the individual, his role in the life of society and the state. Nationalists argued that the rights of each person are directly proportional to the duties to the nation.

Non-surgical Rhinoplasty (NSR): A Systematic Review of Its Techniques, Outcomes, and Patient Satisfaction.

Surgical rhinoplasty (SR), commonly known as nose job,is a widely practiced cosmetic surgery globally, aimed at addressing diverse aesthetic and functional concerns related to the nose. In recent years, non-surgical rhinoplasty (NSR) has gained popularity due to advanced techniques involving hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers, offering advantages such as affordability, reduced side effects, and faster results. However, concerns persist about the suitability of dermal fillers for nasal anatomy and potential complications, prompting this comprehensive review. This study systematically evaluated the techniques, fillers, safety, and patient satisfaction associated with NSR, with the intent of providing valuable insights for clinicians and patients considering NSR or SR for improved aesthetic outcomes. The literature search, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, yielded 16 relevant studies from an initial pool of 1002 articles. These studies covered various aspects of NSR, including techniques, complications, limitations, and positive results. In conclusion, NSR appears to be a quick and safe option for addressing minor nose shape issues, particularly through the use of HA fillers, but further discussion and standardization are necessary to address risks and limitations. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) using photographic evidence could significantly propel the progress of this evolving treatment. RCTs offer an optimal method to assess NSR's adverse effects and overall outcomes by allowing controlled comparisons between treatment and control groups. This approach minimizes biases and generates reliable statistical data, which is critical for evaluating safety, efficacy, and potential risks, thereby guiding informed clinical decisions.

Orbital CO2 reconstruction using boron isotopes during the late Pleistocene, an assessment of accuracy

Abstract. Boron isotopes in planktonic foraminifera are a widely used proxy to determine ancient surface seawater pH and by extension atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate forcing on geological timescales. Yet, to reconstruct absolute values for pH and CO2, we require a δ11Bforam-borate to pH calibration and independent determinations of ocean temperature, salinity, a second carbonate parameter, and the boron isotope composition of seawater. Although δ11B-derived records of atmospheric CO2 have been shown to perform well against ice-core-based CO2 reconstructions, these tests have been performed at only a few locations and with limited temporal resolution. Here we present two highly resolved CO2 records for the late Pleistocene from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 999 and 871. Our δ11B-derived CO2 record shows a very good agreement with the ice core CO2 record with an average offset of 13±46 (2σ) and an RMSE of 26 ppm, with minor short-lived overestimations of CO2 (of up to ∼50 ppm) occurring during some glacial onsets. We explore potential drivers of this disagreement and conclude that partial dissolution of foraminifera has a minimal effect on the CO2 offset. We also observe that the general agreement between δ11B-derived and ice core CO2 is improved by optimising the δ11Bforam-borate calibration. Despite these minor issues, a strong linear relationship between relative change in climate forcing from CO2 (from ice core data) and pH change (from δ11B) exists over the late Pleistocene, confirming that pH change is a robust proxy of climate forcing over relatively short (<1 million year) intervals. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the boron isotope proxy is a reliable indicator of CO2 beyond the reach of the ice cores and can help improve determinations of climate sensitivity for ancient time intervals.

Fostering a democratic and socially just energy transition: How do Ombudspersons in Europe frame energy poverty?

This exploratory research examines how 20 Ombudspersons in Europe frame their understanding of energy poverty and energy justice, and explores the potential link between their framing and the prevalence of energy poverty in their respective countries. The countries exhibit varying levels of energy poverty and energy injustices influenced by factors such as income poverty, housing deprivation, electricity monopoly, social protection strength, and government effectiveness. The framing of energy poverty by Ombudspersons in Europe has a grading character. Apart from Ombudspersons that do not mention any energy injustice, the least ambitious framing category is ‘consumer right’, followed by the more ambitious category of ‘social vulnerability’, while the highest level of ambition is reached when Ombudspersons explicitly mention ‘right to energy’ or energy poverty. Ombudspersons framing energy poverty as a consumer right discuss policy cohesion and institutional lock-ins that impact energy poverty. Those who view energy poverty as a question of social vulnerability consider the vulnerable groups' needs. Ombudspersons who explicitly mention energy poverty or the ‘right to energy’ perceive access to basic services as a right, where violations of rights impact dignity. There is a partial correlation between how Ombudspersons frame energy poverty and the prevalence of energy poverty and energy injustices in their respective countries. In cases where energy poverty is a significant issue, the Ombudspersons usually analyze it, but it is absent from their work in countries where energy poverty is a minor issue. The Ombudsperson is an emerging actor to foster a democratic and socially just energy transition.

RIS-Assisted High-Speed Railway Integrated Sensing and Communication System

One technology that has the potential to improve wireless communications in years to come is integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). In this study, we take advantage of reconfigurable intelligent surface's (RIS) potential advantages to achieve ISAC while using the same frequency and resources. Specifically, by using the reflecting elements, the RIS dynamically modifies the radio waves' strength or phase in order to change the environment for radio transmission and increase the ISAC systems' transmission rate. We investigate a single cell downlink communication situation with RIS assistance. Combining the ISAC base station's (BS) beamforming with RIS's discrete phase shift optimization, while guaranteeing the sensing signal, The aim of optimizing the sum rate is specified. We take advantage of alternating maximization to find practical solutions with dividing the challenge into two minor issues. The first power allocation subproblem is non-convex that CVX solves by converting it to convex. A local search strategy is used to solve the second subproblem of phase shift optimization. According to the results of the simulation, using RIS with adjusted phase shifts can significantly enhance the ISAC system's performance.

Effectiveness of Infant Massage Using Aromatherapy Essentialoil of Ylang-ylang Flower on Sleep Quality Sleep Quality of Infants 6-12 Months at Posyandu Arjuna Neighborhood IV Sei Renggas Village

In Indonesia, 44.2% of children experience difficulties with sleep onset, yet 72% of parents perceive this to be a minor issue. Conversely, sleep disorders have been linked to adverse effects on infant growth, immune system function, and the regulation of the endocrine system. To enhance the quality of sleep and facilitate optimal child growth and development, infant massage may be a viable solution. The objective of this research is to investigate the potential benefits of infant massage using aromatherapy essential oils, specifically ylang-ylang flower, on the sleep quality of infants aged 6-12 months. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of infant massage using aromatherapy essential oil of ylang-ylang flower on the quality of sleep of infants aged 6-12 months at Posyandu Arjuna Lingkungan IV Sei Renggas Village. Methodology In this study, the researchers employed a quantitative research methodology. The results of the study are as follows: The results of the Wilcoxon test indicate a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), which rejects the null hypothesis (Ho). This suggests that there is a statistically significant difference in the quality of sleep of infants aged 6-12 months before and after receiving a massage using aromatherapy essential oil ylang ylang flowers. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that infant massage using aromatherapy essential oil of ylang-ylang flower is an effective method for improving the quality of sleep in infants aged 6-12 months. A significant difference was observed in the quality of sleep of infants aged 6-12 months before and after baby massage using ylang ylang essential oil aromatherapy, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The use of baby massage with ylang ylang essential oil aromatherapy effectively improves sleep quality in infants aged 6-12 months at Posyandu Arjuna.

Short-Term Outcomes and Quality of Life Following Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy in a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India.

With the advent of multimodality therapy and minimally invasive surgical approaches, patients suffering from carcinoma esophagus are showing promising outcomes. Hence, the frontier needs to be widened to assess the postoperative quality of life (QoL) of those surviving carcinoma esophagus. The objective of the study was to determine the short-term outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) /hybrid esophagectomies in carcinoma esophagus and the organ-specific QoL in survivors of MIE for carcinoma esophagus, and to compare health-related QoL in patients following MIE for carcinoma esophagus with the general population. A longitudinal study design was used to evaluate the short-term postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing MIE for carcinoma esophagus between July 1, 2021, to July 15, 2022, and analyze the QoL of those patients who survived at one year without tumor recurrence. QoL was assessed using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC QoL Questionnaire - Oesophageal Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-OES18). A total of 15 patients who underwent minimal invasive/hybrid esophagectomy for esophageal carcinomawere included. Of these, 13 patients underwent hybrid esophagectomy while two patients underwent thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy. Squamous cell carcinoma was observed as the most common histological variant (60%) while 33% were adenocarcinoma and 6.7% lymphoma. The most common site of the tumor was the lower one-third esophagus (60%). Nine out of 15 patients developed postoperative complications needing prolonged ICU stay. One major anastomotic leak as well as one conduit necrosis was observed among 15 cases operated. Median length of hospital stay was 16 (IQR 12-24). QoL was assessed among 12 patients at the one-year follow-up excluding mortality cases and patients with tumor recurrence. The patients following MIE for carcinoma esophagus were observed to have low scores in physical functioning, role functioning, and social functionwhen compared with the general population. Cognitive functioning and emotional function were not found to be significantly different. No statistically significant difference was observed in the global health status among the two groups. There was no significant difference found in the general symptoms score comparison of the MIE patients with the general population. When it comes to organ-specific symptom scales, reflux was observed as a major issue among the patients who survived carcinoma esophagus after undergoing MIE. Dysphagia and dry mouth received low scores suggestive of minor issues. Though analysis of global health QoL scores of those with postoperative complications and those who had uneventful recovery at one year revealed a higher score for the latter, it was not statistically significant. Postoperative complications can prolong hospital stay, delay resuming normal work, and affect the global QoL of patients compared with those who recovered uneventfully. Physical and role functions were observed to be deficient among survived patients when compared with the normal population. Nutritional prehabilitation, cutting-edge surgical practice including minimally invasive techniques, minimizing deviation from normal postoperative recovery by high-quality ICU care, and postoperative rehabilitation are the cornerstones to ensure better QoL.

Peran Sosial Engagement dalam Membantu Mengatasi Isu Minoritas di Indonesia

Social engagement is a necessity in encouraging positive participation to foster social relations and community welfare. However, this role has not yet been studied in more depth, especially regarding the problems of most marginalized community groups. Therefore, this qualitative research aims to analyze the impact of community-based social involvement and the contribution of role models in accordance with the concept of Sustainable Development Programs (SDGs) on minority issues in Indonesia, especially in the case of CdLS. CdLS, or Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, is a rare syndrome in children discovered in 1933 with distinctive physical characteristics and congenital abnormalities and growth and development disorders. Classified as a minority issue, the increasing number of CdLS cases is indeed worrying because there are no resources available to help the daily lives of children/sufferers of CdLS. This is exacerbated by the lack of attention from the government and other stakeholders. It is hoped that community-based social involvement can alleviate problems by using the SDG framework for good health and well-being, no hunger and no poverty, with the support of multidisciplinary stakeholder partnerships.

Tuberculosis in Spain: An opinion paper.

This document is the result of the deliberations of the Committee on Emerging Pathogens and COVID-19 of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) regarding the current situation of tuberculosis, particularly in Spain. We have reviewed aspects such as the evolution of its incidence, the populations currently most exposed and the health care circuits for the care of these patients in Spain. We have also discussed latent tuberculosis, the reality of extrapulmonary disease in the XXI century and the means available in daily practice for the diagnosis of both latent and active forms. The contribution of molecular biology, which has changed the perspective of this disease, was another topic of discussion. The paper tries to put into perspective both the classical drugs and their resistance figures and the availability and indications of the new ones. In addition, the reality of direct observation in the administration of antituberculosis drugs has been discussed. All this revolution is making it possible to shorten the treatment time for tuberculosis, a subject that has also been reviewed. If everything is done well, the risk of relapse of tuberculosis is small but it exists. On the other hand, many special situations have been discussed in this paper, such as tuberculosis in pediatric age and tuberculosis as a cause for concern in surgery and intensive care. The status of the BCG vaccine and its present indications as well as the future of new vaccines to achieve the old dream of eradicating this disease have been discussed. Finally, the ethical and medicolegal implications of this disease are not a minor issue and our situation in this regard has been reviewed.

Understanding Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemia Patients' Treatment Preferences: Insights from Qualitative Research

Introduction Evidence on patient preferences is increasingly being used to inform regulatory and reimbursement decisions. In acute leukemia, the number of treatment options is expanding but there is limited quantitative evidence on patients' treatment preferences, especially in the event of relapse. The Acute Leukemia Advocates Network (ALAN) in collaboration with The Office of Health Economics are running a quantitative patient preference study using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to 1/ Elicit adult acute leukemia patients' preferences for treatment outcomes and characteristics in the event of a future relapse 2/ Explore the tradeoffs that patients are willing to make between different hypothetical treatments 3/ Describe preference heterogeneity in the patient population and 4/ Provide useful insights that could demonstrate patient value for a range of upcoming health technology assessments of relapsed/refractory treatments and guide innovation and development throughout the medical product lifecycle. Here we report on two stages of qualitative research: 1/ Online bulletin boards (OBBs) to identify potential attributes for the DCE and 2/ Cognitive ‘think aloud’ pilot interviews to test participant understanding of the draft DCE survey. Methods Two structured OBBs were conducted - one each for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Each day, participants were asked up to four open questions on the following topics: “your diagnosis and expectation of treatment”, “your first experience of treatment”, “treatment following a relapse”, and “your treatment priorities”. Participants could see and respond to each other's answers. Three researchers acted as moderators and engaged in discussions where appropriate. Following the design of the DCE survey, a series of online one-on-one think-aloud interviews with AML and ALL participants was subsequently conducted to pilot the DCE survey. Interviewees were asked to verbally reflect on their responses, with occasional interviewer prompts. The pilots were conducted in two separate weeks, with a week in between to allow for changes to be made. All participants were recruited via ALAN and its members. Results A total of 12 AML and nine ALL patients took part in the OBBs, of which 15 were female. Age (range: 26-71; average: 51.1) and years of living with the disease (range: <3 to > 10 years) were varied. Both the AML and ALL groups agreed that the effectiveness of the treatment in achieving long-term stable remission would be most important. Severe long-term side effects would also be an important concern but many participants said they could put up with potentially severe short-term side effects for a good chance of long-term survival. Additional concerns were the length of hospital stays, availability of psychological/mental/emotional support, catheter-related pain and infections, and mode of administration (MoA). Several participants argued that an individualized approach to treatment is preferred. Thematic analysis of the OBB data led to the identification of five attributes for the DCE: chance of response (20-95%), duration of response (6-18 months), quality of life (QoL) during treatment (0-50%), QoL during response (25-75%), and MoA (tablets taken at home, injections requiring a hospital stay, injections as outpatient appointments). The DCE was designed using an efficient experimental design and coded as part of an online survey, and subsequently piloted (see Figure 1). In week 1 of the pilots (n=5 interviews), ‘duration of response’, was often misinterpreted as ‘duration of treatment’. Interviewees also interpreted treatment and response as potentially overlapping, and therefore struggled to separate the two QoL attributes. Therefore, we made several changes including explicitly structuring the choice tasks to distinguish treatment and response phases. The changes improved understanding in week 2 (n=5 interviews) and raised some additional minor issues for consideration. Conclusion People with acute leukemia have a range of concerns about treatments in the context of a relapse. However, the primary issues identified in the qualitative research relate to the chance and duration of treatment success, QoL during and after treatment, and the MoA. The pilot interviews were valuable in improving the wording and overall quality of the final survey, which has since been fully launched.

Main Mechanisms of Remote Monitoring Programs for Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

The objective of this report was to identify the main mechanisms of home-based remote monitoring programs for cardiac rehabilitation (RM CR) and examine how these mechanisms vary by context. This was a systematic review using realist synthesis. To be included, articles had to be published in English between 2010 and November 2020 and contain specific data related to mechanisms of effect of programs. MEDLINE All (1946-) via Ovid, Embase (1974-) via Ovid, APA PsycINFO (1806-), CINAHL via EBSCO, Scopus databases, and gray literature were searched. From 13 747 citations, 91 focused on cardiac conditions, with 23 reports including patients in CR. Effective RM CR programs more successfully adapted to different patient home settings and broader lives, incorporated individualized patient health data, and had content designed specifically for patients in cardiac rehabilitation. Relatively minor but common technical issues could significantly reduce perceived benefits. Patients and families were highly receptive to the programs and viewed themselves as fortunate to receive such services. The RM CR programs could be improved via incorporating more connectivity to other patients. No clear negative effects on perceived utility or outcomes occurred by patient age, ethnicity, or sex. Overall, the programs were seen to best suit highly motivated patients and consolidated rather than harmed existing relationships with health care professionals and teams. Remote monitoring CR programs are perceived by patients to be beneficial and attractive. Future RM CR programs should consider adaptability to different home settings, incorporate individualized health data, and contain content specific to patient needs.

Personal Backgrounds, Constituency Demands and Policy Issues Raised by Deputies of China's National People's Congress

Abstract: Research on China's legislators has seldom explained the types of policy issues raised by legislators and has rarely demonstrated the influence of constituencies. This article reveals that National People's Congress deputies whose personal backgrounds are closely associated with specific types of policy issues or whose constituencies have stronger demands regarding these issues usually submit more proposals pertaining to the issues. Furthermore, negative interactive effects exist between deputies' personal backgrounds as farmers or members of ethnic minorities and constituency demands corresponding to rural or ethnic minority issues on the relevant proposals that they raise. These findings further indicate how information is transmitted by China's legislators without a strong electoral connection.

탈경계 주체와 혼종화 가능성

In this study, I will examine the process of hybridization along the path of the North Korean diaspora defection through the journey of “Roh,” a defector in the novel “I Met Roh Kiwan” by Hae Jin Jo. In the novel, Roh's face with several minority identities, such as defectors, stateless, refugees, strangers, and illegal immigrants, is also the face of me who wanders with its own wounds or Park who cannot settle in his hometown. Through the journey of exploring the spaces where Roh Kiwan stayed, I, as a speaker, realizes that Roh Kiwan's life, a stranger, has come into her life, and shares his diaspora situation and otherness. After all, the problems of the characters are not solved in detail, but the solidarity formed between them provides a clue to the solution as a hybrid transmodern liberation. Regarding the pains and human rights issues of minorities around the world that are constantly being raised, the author shows the pattern in which the solidarity and connection of trans-boundary subjects yields the possibility of various hybridization through the novel “I Met Roh Kiwan” and provides an answer It can be said that it is presenting.