Islamic Issues Research Articles

Representing the Lived Experience of Mothers in Preparing their Daughters to Perform their Religious Duties

Journal of Applied Issues in Islamic Education, Religious Education, Islamic Education, Traditional Education, Islamic Culture, Islam, Muslims, Religion, Peoples and Cultures, Islamic Humanities, Middle Eastern Studies, Iran ،مجله مسائل کاربردی تعلیم و تربیت اسلامی، اسلام، آموزش و پرورش اسلامی، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی، مجله علمی ایران

The Eclecticism of Proofs on the Road to Demonstrate The Existence of Allah: Examples of Dawwānī and Aḥmad Nūrī

İslâm inanç sisteminin en temel konusu ve gayesi şüphesiz marifetullah (Allah’ın bilinmesi) mevzuudur. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar literatürde daha çok isbât-ı vâcib olarak isimlendirilmekte, kelâm, felsefe ve tasavvuf ekollerinin her biri için en kıymetli mesai olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kelâm ekolleri daha çok İbn Sînâ’nın (ö. 428/1037) etkisiyle Fahreddin Râzî (ö. 606/1210) sonrası yoğun olarak bu kavramsallaştırmayı kullanmaya başlamıştır. Sûfiyye ise daha çok vahdet-i vücûd nazariyesi temelinde bu çalışmalara katılmıştır. Kelâm ilminde bütün inanç esasları en nihayetinde Allah’a imanı açıklamak ve güçlendirmek için temellendirilir. Bu sebeple Allah’a iman aslü’l-usûl (bütün ilkelerin aslı) olarak anılır. 
 Tarihî konjonktürde Kelâm ilmi içerde Müslümanların inanç meselelerini tartışırken dışarda da genişleyen İslâm coğrafyasının ortaya çıkardığı inanç meselelerine isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarıyla cevap vermeye gayret etmiştir. Bu çerçevede nübüvvet ve âhiret konuları kelâma dahil edilmiştir. Kelâm tarihi başlangıcı itibariyle özellikle materyalist çevrelere karşı Allah’ın varlığını savunurken büyük ölçüde atomculuk nazariyesini kullanmıştır. Zaman içinde İslâm felsefesi ve tasavvufun sistemleşmesiyle beraber kelâmın hudûs delili, felsefenin imkân delili ve sûfiyyenin keşf ve ilham delili üç ayrı koldan bu mesaiyi güçlendirirken hem bu ekollerin kendi içindeki etkileşimi, hem de isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarının muhataplarının çeşitlenmesi kullanılan delilleri birbirine yaklaştırmıştır. Özellikle Şehristânî (öl. 548/1153) ve Fahreddin Râzî (öl. 606/1210) sonrası terminoloji, konu ve metodoloji anlamında gerçekleşen yakınlaşma felsefî kelâm geleneğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu süreçte ontolojik, kozmolojik ve teleolojik delillerin kullanımında kelâmcılar hudûs ve imkân kavramlarını birlikte kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Osmanlının son dönemlerine kadar takip edilmesi mümkün olan bu çalışmaların önemli temsilcilerinden Celâleddin ed-Devvânî’nin (öl. 908/1502) çalışmamıza konu olmasının sebebi de isbât-ı vâcib delillerini birlikte kullanmadaki mahareti ve kendisinden sonraki süreci etkileme gücü olarak özetlenebilir. Onun bu toparlayıcı özelliği kendisinden önceki isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarının eksik taraflarını ikmal edip kendi eserlerinde meseleleri birleştirmesinde görülmektedir. Bu sebeple yazdığı risâlelere uzun yıllar şerh ve hâşiyeler yapılmış ve bu süreç XIX. yüzyıla kadar devam etmiştir.
 Özellikle bu yüz yılda materyalizmin yeniden Batıda güçlenmeye başlaması ve Osmanlıda bir kesim ilim ve fikir adamını etkilemesi benzer bir tarihî tecrübe anlamına gelmektedir. Bu sebeple Allah’ın varlık delillerinin yine birbirini destekleyerek kullanılmasının lüzumu hâsıl olmuştur. Çalışmamızda bu münasebetle sürecin geldiği noktayı görmek bakımından İslâm düşüncesinin üç temel ekolü olan kelâm, İslâm felsefesi ve tasavvufun isbât-ı vâcib konusunda ürettikleri ortak argümanları vukûfiyetle ele alan son dönem Osmanlı âlimlerinden Ahmed Nûri’nin (19. yüzyıl) görüşlerini de ele aldık.

Resepsi Tafsir Q.S. Al-Mujādilah di Tik-Tok sebagai Upaya Edukasi dan Pembelaan Hak-hak Perempuan

Tik-Tok is a medium that can educate various kinds of worldviews, such as social, political, legal, and religious issues. Through tik-tok content, people get the strengthening of Islamic values and gender in the QS interpretation video. Al-Mujādilah who fought a lot for women's rights, but not all videos circulating on tik-tok were not always true and valid, not even a few were patriarchal biased. This article aims to describe the reception of the interpretation of the Q.S. Al-Mujādilah on tik-tok as an effort to educate and defend women's rights. The research method was carried out with a qualitative approach where data collection was carried out by observing the tik-tok content and documenting the community's response. The results of this study indicate that tik-tok with the FYP algorithm has full power as social criticism to form a contextual religious understanding, conflict resolution, the study of Islamic issues and gender are packaged freshly as a new face that Islam is friendly to rights women.

Modernization of Islamic Education in North Sumatra: Thoughts and Contributions of Sheikh Ali Hasan Ahmad Ad-Dary

This research is a figure study research, the purpose is to produce a formulation of analysis of the biography, thoughts, and contributions of Sheikh Ali Hasan regarding the modernization of Islamic education in North Sumatra. The primary data source of this research is the intellectual works of Sheikh Ali Hasan Ahmad Ad-dary in the form of books, as well as the Islamic education institutions that were developed. The secondary sources of this research are the works of other people about him. The research stages include data collection, data verification, interpretation, and preparation of research reports on character studies. The data analysis used is content analysis. The research findings show that the educational modernization of Sheikh Sheikh Ali Hasan Ahmad Ad-dary's includes: developing a culture of literacy by producing forty-four written works covering the fields of Fiqh and Islamic Law, Hadith studies, Al-Quran studies, morals and theology, and even actual Islamic issues. In addition, he also pioneered the study of Hadith in North Sumatra and pioneered and developed higher education institutions in North Sumatra. The thought, role, and contribution of Sheikh Ali Hasan Ahmad Ad-dary in the modernization of Islamic education in North Sumatra is a historical fact that cannot be denied until now. Therefore, the study of "modernization of Islamic education carried out by Sheikh Ali Hasan Ahmad Ad-Dary in North Sumatra is very important to do, to find the relevance and contextualization of his thoughts in the present context

THE ISSUE OF CREDIT IN ISLAM

THE ISSUE OF CREDIT IN ISLAM

Wacana Radikalisme di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin Makassar; Kontestasi dan Pertarungan Gagasan di Ruang Publik Kampus

This article discusses of circulation processes and dissemination of radicalism ideas at the Alauddin State Islamic University (UIN) Makassar. Th is article uses a qualitative research method that seeks to interpret and describe patterns of radicalism infiltration strategies. In order to achieve that goals, the study used survey that has been followed by three hundred and fifty respondents from all faculty of Alauddin State Islamic University (UIN) which took place from January to May 2019. The survey used questioner with multiple choice questions pattern. T he results showed that there was a split view and contesting concept among students between accepting Pancasila and the idea of the Islamic state. The very sensitive political issues of political Islam circulated inadequately in UIN Alauddin Makassar. Therefore, the radical ideas will easily infiltrate the minds of students using lip service and manipulation of sensitive Islamic political teachings. The Campus mosque is the most vulnerable area to be used as a platform for spreading radical ideas. The radical forum is usually camouflaged in an ordinary-teaching form, which makes it difficult for students to identify. The case that occurred in UIN Alauddin Makassar could be occurred in other Islamic universities and colleges in Indonesia.

اسلام میں فلسفہ کی ابتداء و اسباب کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Man naturally wants to know the facts, objects and symbols of the world for which he has used rational method. This is where the science of philosophy begins. Muslims paid special attention to this knowledge and, realizing the need of the hour, Muslim thinkers devoted their lives to philosophy and metaphysics. Now the question is that Islam is a practical religion so it does not encourage us to dwell on the causes and symbols that is why on the issue of destiny Islam has made it necessary to believe in good and bad destiny and forbade discussion, however, how did the higher minds of the Ummah get involved in this debate? Therefore, in this article, we have first mentioned the source of these sciences, then the reason for the interest of Muslims in these sciences and then we have discussed the reasons for which these sciences were promoted and published by Muslim thinkers. Therefore, we can better understand why Muslim thinkers have devoted their lives to these sciences and adapted to this important requirement of the time and from this we can plan for the future development and dissemination of these sciences.

30 years of research in Islamic accounting: a literature review

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the Islamic accounting research. In particular, the paper extensively investigates the literature on Islamic accounting to understand the issues, contexts, methods and theoretical paradigms thereof.Design/methodology/approachThe study has adopted a literature review approach. It has examined the key journal publications for 30 years in accounting discipline and systematically identified the Islamic accounting papers during 1990–2020. In total, 95 papers were identified until June 2020, and they were thoroughly reviewed to identify the relevant issues, contexts, methods and theoretical paradigms.FindingsThe study has found that Islamic accounting papers covered issues of both Islamic organizations (e.g. Islamic financial institutions) and of Muslim countries. The key issues include the regulation and regulatory compliance, annual report disclosures, corporate and Islamic governance, accounting profession, gender, accountability matters, management accounting and control, waqf accounting and zakat management. The study has also observed various normative guidelines from the academics on how the teaching of Islam is enacted in accounting, accountability and governance matters to attain the maqasid al-shari'a, i.e. human welfare, social justice and equity.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is not empirical. Hence, the limitations of literature review papers are applicable in this case. Moreover, it is possible that this study could not identify some of the important literature on Islamic accounting (such as the papers published in Arabic by the academicians and professionals of Arab world).Practical implicationsThe study enables both Islamic accounting academics and practitioners to identify the main Islamic accounting issues and realize the importance of Islamic accounting.Social implicationsWhen the author considers Islamic accounting as a social construction and tries to understand the phenomenon through social theories, the author acknowledges the relevance of Islamic accounting in the society in which it operates. It can be noticed from the discussion that Islamic accounting emphasizes on social welfare, balance, equity and providing relevant information to follow the commandments of God.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to provide a synoptic view on the issues, context, methods and theoretical paradigms of Islamic accounting, while covering major accounting journals in 30 years.

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Heritage law issues in islam according to hadith sources

The article discusses the cities of Central Asia, which became centers of Science in the Middle Ages, and the scribes who grew up and contributed to the development of various fields of science. Due to the good reception of Islam by the local population and the stable political situation in Movarounnahr, Sciences developed here, especially since many famous scholars of jurisprudence grew up, and they carried out many itshs on the science of inheritance. Along with these, Hadith scholars have made a great contribution to the science of inheritance, and the article also mentions their work.

Islamic Approaches to Darwin's Theory of Evolution: Threats or Rationalization of the Doctrine of Human Origins?

Darwin's theory of evolution continues to be a source of contention for academics concerned with the main issues of Islam and science in the twentieth century. As such, this research seeks to elicit perspectives from Islamic scholarly figures such as Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Zaghloul Al-Najjar, and Nidhal Guessoum. The three figures have varying perspectives on Darwin's theory of evolution. This divergent interpretation of Darwin's theory of evolution demonstrates that the debate on Islam and science did not totally result in the merger of the two, as all Muslim scholars agreed. This research employs Michel Foucault's archaeology and genealogy theories to examine the growth of Darwin's theory of evolution in the Islamic world, as symbolized by the three thinking figures. The findings indicated that Nasr expressly rejected Darwin's theory of evolution, which had been subjected to scientific and philosophical scrutiny. Al-Najjar says that the attitude of rejection and general acceptance of evolution theory is incorrect. By contrast, Guessoum views Darwin's theory of evolution as a factual truth that must be understood through the lens of Islam in order to generate theistic conceptions of evolution.

Jihadi Audiovisuality and Its Entanglements: Meanings, Aesthetics, Appropriations

Jihadi Audiovisuality and Its Entanglements: Meanings, Aesthetics, Appropriations

Süslüman: on class and gender issues in contemporary Turkish political Islam

ABSTRACT This article argues that class divisions within Islamist community are an emerging aspect of contemporary Turkish politics. Nearly two decades of rule by an Islamist party enabled the Islamic capital to become a distinct capital fraction without improving the living conditions of the devout masses substantially. This fault line appears in the increasingly discernible criticism of the everyday lifestyles of rich Muslim women from within. Controversy over the extravagance of veiled women appears as a proxy class struggle between the new Islamic middle class and the devout poor, as well as the continued polarization between the Islamists and the secularists.

Research Subjects about the Comparison of British and Japanese Scholarship of Islam

All around the world, how we interpret the Islamic world objectively and accurately is an important topic for concerned scholars all over the world. Britain has a history of Islamic Studies for more than 400 years, and the current standard and research paradigm of Islamic Studies in the UK deserves our attention. It is of great practical significance for us to thoroughly and systematically understand the contemporary Islamic world in this special historical stage of great turbulence, great differentiation, and great change, and then comprehensively grasp the regional issues of Islam and build a discourse system of Islamic research with modern characteristics. In the past 30 years, Japanese academic circles have not been able to keep abreast of the development of Islamic Studies in the UK, let alone go deep into the frontier field of cultural communication. Based on this, through literature analysis and field visits, this Project intends to overview of the current situation of Islamic Studies in Britain and Japan, focusing on the two main paradigms of its cultural studies, and then to explore the how these academic efforts can benefit and impact the discourse construction of Islamic Studies in Japan and UK.

RETHINKING LIMITS OF ANTI-MUSLIM HATRED AND DISCRIMINATION IN CONTEMPORARY GREECE

There has been a growing academic literature about Islam in the West since 9/11 while Islam per se is actually an old phenomenon in the continent of Europe. Even if Muslims enjoy a variety of religious rights, Islamophobia is on rise all over Europe. Regardless of states’ respect and inclusiveness towards Muslims, their sacred places such as mosques or cemeteries cannot escape from getting targeted by hate-motivated physical-discursive attacks and harassments. Generally speaking, any kind of anti-Muslim action is usually vehemently condemned by governmental officials. Nevertheless, many of those perpetrators of Islamophobic actions remain unidentified and are seldom persecuted effectively, which will assist in discouraging anti-Muslim bigotry and behavior in societies of Europe. In this respect, this study takes Greece as a case study and analyzes to what extent Islam has been incorporated in Greece. While doing so, it dwells both on historical and new Muslim groups so as to find answers to two primary questions. First, to what extent does Greece respect rights of Muslims residing in different parts of the country? Second, what does Islamophobia mean in the context of Greece? Doing so, this study argues that Greece has never allowed enjoyment of Muslims’ freedoms in full terms since its establishment as of this day. Rather, it has chosen to penetrate in their internal affairs via different ways, limit their religious liberties and finally have the ultimate control over fundamental issues of Islam and Muslims living across the country. Moreover, Greece has never applied for an establishment of an effective mechanism aiming to fight against anti-Muslim behavior depicted overtly or covertly by those belonging to different segments of the Greek society. Henceforth, it is predicted that a variety of issues centering around Islam and anti-Muslim practices in Greece will continue to be one of the hottest topics of discussion throughout the third decade of the new millennium in respect to the integration of Muslims with the predominantly Orthodox-Christian majority.

Why Much of the Liberal Left Can Now be Termed ‘Regressive’: Discourses on Trump, Immigration, and Islam

Abstract We find much of the discourse from the soi disant progressive politicians, media and academy to be misinformed, hypocritical, and even regressive. This applies to discussions about politicians such as President Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, and especially concerns the issues of Islam and immigration. We argue that much of the contemporary liberal left appears to be more intolerant, more Orwellian, than its traditional rivals on the right [while recognising that there are differences between those who describe themselves as ‘liberals’ or ‘leftists’, including moderate left, centre left, far left etc., we have decided to use the portmanteau ‘liberal left’ as this equates to the more generally agreed upon signifier ‘progressive’].

Islamic Identity and Islamic Cultural Hegemony: A Critical Insight into Kamila Shamsie <em>Home Fire</em>

The study of this paper is related to Islamic studies and main concerns on Islamic identity and Islamic cultural hegemony in the Western country relevant to contemporary Pakistani Diaspora English writing. The paper attempts to throw some light on the aspects of Islamic issues and religious orthodoxy in Kamila Shamsie’s novel Home Fire. Kamila Shamsie is one of the greatest diasporic writers in Pakistani literature. Due to the hereditary writer, Kamila Shamsie has writing skills in her blood, so her novels represent stylistic aspects of South Asian novels. She highlights several issues like cultural identity, nationality, cultural conflict and other socio-political issues through immigrated Pakistani characters such as Isma, Parvaiz, Emmon, etc. By focussing on two British Muslim families in contemporary England, Home Fire has reimaged the verse of Sophocles’ Antigone, when she transported from ancient Greece to today’s London using the British-Pakistani characters to highlight several issues like immigration, racism, Muslim identity and discrimination. Through the concept of Antonio Gramsci’s Cultural Hegemony and the concept of Identity, this paper finds out the aspects of Islamic cultural hegemony and Islamic identity in Home Fire.

Knowledge on Marriage and Reproduction in Islam for Multicultural Healthcare and Social Work Needs: Results of the Survey at Five Public Universities in Slovakia

Objective: The aim of our research was to find out, if university students of humanities and social sciences at five Slovak public universities have theoretical prerequisites for intercultural competencies mainly needed in multicultural healthcare. These concrete theoretical prerequisites are dealing with knowledge regarding Islamic teachings on: family; female infanticide; reproduction; usage of assisted reproduction technologies; and induced abortion. Design: Research study. Participants: Overall 1000 students at 5 Slovak public universities (at each n=200). Methods: Empirical research was done using our own questionnaire. Verification of our three hypotheses has been done using the method of statistical testing for testing hypotheses on equality of parameters of two alternative divisions with large selection ranges. Results: Responses to questions concerning definition of marriage in Islam (Questions #1 - 3) have shown, that both male and female students have proved better knowledge of this issue than in the case of the area concerning possibilities of use of reproductive medicine achievements in Islam. Responses to question (Question #4) regarding Muhammad´s attitude to feminine infanticide have shown that men, in comparison to women, have manifested more radical (more numerous) inclination to the answer that Muhammad entrusted fathers with decision on its performance. Responses to questions dealing with possibilities to use reproductive medicine achievements in Islam (Questions #5-7) have shown that female, in comparison to male students, have manifested more radical (more numerous) rejective position. Conclusion: Knowledge of marriage and reproductive issues in Islam among students stays at historical level, what causes a problem not to be able to understand and respect contemporary needs of Muslim patients in the frame of an holistic approach in multicultural healthcare and social work in Slovakia. Improvements in current curriculum concerning students´ intercultural competencies mainly connected to an understanding of standpoints of Muslim believers concerning their social foundations, health and entire well-being are inevitable.

دور النبوءات في إرهاب داعش

Purpose: This study aims to reveal how ISIS exploits apocalyptic prophecies stated in the Qur’an and hadiths to find new recruits and legitimize its ideology. The study tries to identify how sensitive issues of Islam are misinterpreted to mislead and terrorize young Muslims. It also elucidates how the misuse of innocent verses and hadiths leads to terrorism in the hands of people with fundamentalist beliefs. Approach: All issues of two ISIS magazines, namely, Dabiq and Rumiyah, were reviewed, and the related articles were selected, examined and compared with traditional Sunni Islam’s eschatology. In addition to the content analysis of the two magazines entitled with the apocalyptic names, previously written literature was also examined for this study. Findings: ISIS used eschatology to persuade Muslim youth to immigrate to its so-called lands and fight for its lofty cause. The terrorist group tried to realize this goal mainly by reinterpreting prophetic promises of Islam for its ends in the media. The analysis shows that ISIS did not serve religion but benefited its radical ideology. However, time has shown that ISIS’s brutal cause was far from the Islamic faith, as none of ISIS’s apocalyptic prophecies came true. Originality: While there are many studies about ISIS, few or none of them analyzed how the movement deceived people with apocalyptic ideas, which need to be considered during an examination of the conflicts in the Middle East, where states (e.g., Israel) or regimes (e.g., Iran) are founded on the basis of apocalyptic prophecies. ISIS was another trial that failed. By not examining the core of ISIS ideology stemming from the distorted interpretation of Islamic prophecies, gray zones would be left in the literature. This study makes that zone clearer.

Challenging representations of Muslims and cultural métissage in the ethnic comedies L’Italien (2010) and Mohamed Dubois (2013)

In this article, I am looking at two popular ‘ethnic’ comedies, L’Italien (2010) and Mohamed Dubois (2013), that promote dialogue and conviviality between Franco-Maghrebi and Franco-French people in France while questioning the societal feasibility of legislative measures of inclusiveness, visibility and equality of chances promoted by the government in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Considering some challenges in the representations, the comedies offer, at times, a social critique of certain stereotypical views on Islam and the destiny of Muslims on French soil, but they conclude in an optimistic tone supporting the idea that there is cultural métissage in France and that Muslims and Christians do mix in today’s diverse France. The popularity of these comedies attests to the fact that there is a need to bring up the issues of Islam in France and of the cohabitation between Muslims and Christian French citizens in the public sphere. I suggest however that while the Franco-Maghrebi’s ‘essentialist identity’ is challenged in the films, there are still neo-colonialist tensions in the artistic productions that entail ambivalence towards the Muslim characters. In a Franco-French dominated film-consuming culture, the Franco-Maghrebi characters are still subject to mimicry, which consistently maintains their subordinate position in the French culture.