Issue Of Gender Discrimination Research Articles

Analysis of Gender Discourse Bias and Gender Discrimination in Social Media: A Case Study of the TikTok Platform

In the contemporary landscape of new media, social media platforms, particularly exemplified by TikTok, offer female users accessible and cost-effective means for self-expression and communication. However, this study reveals that such platforms, despite their apparent openness and liberality, have not effectively challenged or changed the persistent and deep-rooted issue of gender discrimination that women face. This research adopts a qualitative content analysis and specifically focuses on the TikTok platform, where female users frequently encounter various forms of gender discourse bias and discrimination. The findings suggest that female users on TikTok often face stigmatization through the internet lexicon and the commodification of physical appearance, reflecting broader societal issues of gender inequality and objectification. Simultaneously, a segment of the female user base on TikTok is actively engaging in challenging and negotiating these entrenched stereotypes, striving to redefine their representation in the digital space. Furthermore, the research highlights how the anonymity of the internet, the media’s role in encoding and perpetuating gender stereotypes, and the consumerist traps set by capitalist market dynamics, collectively contribute to an illusory facade of gender equality. This facade obscures the underlying realities of discourse bias and gender discrimination that persist in the digital realm.

Research Article on Gender Discrimination in India

Female foeticide is a very common persisting practice to date in various parts of the country and if fortunately, the girl child is not killed she is subjected to discrimination and exploitation throughout her life specifically if from urban to rural parts of the country. In many religions like Hinduism, women are given the designation of a goddess but unfortunately, our society fails to even identify her as a human being in the very first place thus showing our double standards as far as our mindset and attitude towards women is concerned. Thus, to progress as a nation, we need to get rid of this social evil of gender discrimination and go forward in a united manner. This Article deals with the issue of gender discrimination and what are the steps taken by the government to tackle the same and also the role played by the judiciary to deal with it via landmark judgments.

Gender Labour Discrimination in the Higher Education System: A Case of Georgia

Introduction. Discrimination, especially gender discrimination, is one of the main challenges of the modern labour market. Even though different countries have appropriate policies as well as the desire and readiness of society, gender discrimination remains an unsolved problem in all spheres of activity. Although women's participation and educational opportunities have increased, and they are actively involved in academic activities, according to research, the level of discrimination in this field remains high. The management apparatus of organizations should take into account the fact that discrimination is not only a violation of the country's legislation but also has a negative impact on both the image of the organization and its final results.
 Aim and tasks. This research aims to identify gender discrimination in the higher education system and provide solutions using Georgia.
 Results. The study aims to outline gender discrimination issues in Georgia and its impact on people's personal lives and health. A total of 759 respondents employed at a higher educational institution were interviewed. Despite the fact that the government of Georgia has developed legislative reforms to eliminate discrimination, the results of the study revealed significant problems in the higher education system of Georgia in terms of gender discrimination. Part of them state that they were victims of discrimination most often at the workplace. The results revealed that gender discrimination affected people's health and personal lives.
 Conclusions. Managers must consider many factors to achieve the intended results for an organisation. However, one of the most essential challenges for enhancing employee labour productivity is the creation of a place to work, where the issue of discrimination plays a significant role. Attention was also focused on the factors causing discrimination, to which managers should pay attention to take appropriate measures. The study analysed how men and women perceive the conflicts caused by discrimination in the labour market. Also, it revealed the perception and vision of the ways of solving these conflicts among women and men.

Generating Changes Against Sexism in Adolescents Through a Citizenship Training Program

The issue of gender discrimination is a global challenge, and Ecuador is no exception. Within the Ecuadorian population, the importance of addressing gender as a means to achieve equal rights in historically discriminatory areas has been recognized. In this present study, the general objective was to develop a civic education program to improve high school students' attitudes towards sexist behaviors. To achieve this, research was conducted, which included a survey administered to 320 students aged between 15 and 18 years old. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between civic education and sexist attitudes among high school students. It was concluded that the majority of respondents exhibit a high level of active and engaged participation in civic activities. However, it was also identified that entrenched beliefs in certain gender stereotypes still persist.

Gender Equality Challenges in 'Wolfish' Workplaces: Examining Stereotypes and Biases

Despite significant progress in women's education and employment opportunities in contemporary China, gender discrimination and objectification continue subtly impacting women's workplace experiences. This study unveils the hidden facets of this inequality, encompassing wage disparities, stigmatization of female leaders, pregnancy-related recruitment biases, and the intricate and enduring "glass ceiling." Employing a framework of culture, workplace culture, and education, this research delves into the deep-rooted causes of gender discrimination. Subsequently, it seeks to provide relevant strategies and recommendations. Through our investigation, we discover that the roots of gender discrimination are entrenched in various aspects of Chinese society, stemming from multiple factors rather than a single cause (such as traditional Chinese culture). This study offers a comprehensive perspective on the multifaceted nature and origins of gender inequality in the Chinese workplace. It provides valuable insights for academic discourse, facilitating a better understanding of the complexity of gender discrimination issues. Additionally, it serves as a source of inspiration for future research and policy interventions.

'Human Relationships and Gender Identity: Looking into Mahesh Dattani’s Tara

Mahesh Dattani delves into diverse themes such as place of anomalous or so called freaks in society, patriarchal standpoint, male chauvinism, gender discrimination, child sexual abuse, homosexuality etc. In India women/girls have historically suffered both overt and covert discrimination which targets not just the female body, but also indulges in mental and psychological assaults. And the regrettable element is that the hurt is caused by a person, who is considered to be the protector. In ‘Tara’, Dattani portrays the web of human relationships, through the social issues of gender discrimination resulting from long-established social beliefs. ‘Tara’ mainly deals with the theme of gender bias, followed by patriarchal hegemony. Siamese twins Tara and Chandan must be separated to ensure their survival. The ill placed decision of their mother Bharati and grandfather to benefit the male child Chandan with the third leg which rightfully belonged to Tara brings to the fore the ills of patriarchy. The issues of caste system and social hierarchy are also voiced in the play. For Indian psyche mother is next to God, but in ‘Tara’ the mother becomes the instrument of partisanship and unfairness and forces Tara to lead a life of incompleteness, physically as well as psychologically. Bharati remains guilt ridden, and therefore, she tries to recompense to Tara, in every possible way she can. Tara loves her mother the most. She even considers her mother her idol, but she gets the shock of her life when she comes to know the truth of her incompleteness from her father. By this time Bharti’s guilt takes the better of her and before Tara could speak to her mother regarding this injustice, Bharati goes insane. The influence of patriarchy is evident in Bharti’s character too. Besides being a mother, she is also an educated lady. Thus, the decision of favouring the boy child with the leg doesn't agree with her character. She doesn't come across as a woman having a strong personality and it appears that she has been coerced into giving consent for the ill-fated surgery. She is also the victim of patriarchal dominance of her father. Bharati's personal preference and her father's patriarchal dominance, ruin not only the lives of the twins but also that of Bharati because, she also suffers whole life as a result of this action. Sociologically, ‘patriarchy’ may be interpreted as a metaphor for unquestioned authority over women by all those powers that have the conventional social sanctions to perpetrate. Such transgression is not a momentary exploitation; it is often a protracted ploy to marginalize women/girl children. Plays like Tara can foster an environment of awareness, resistance and proactive modalities to counteract prevalent negative gender bias.

1.M. Workshop: Health Services Research in Europe: time to dust off the field

Abstract Since the 90s, and in spite of major transformations in health systems and the new challenges they face (e.g. rising social inequities, labour shortages), the health Services Research (HSR) field has seen little evolution in the definition of the ground it covers. In 2021, researchers from the EHESP School of Public Health (France) launched a CNRS- and INSERM-funded research team devoted to Health Services and Management Research. To mark the event, a seminar was held to reflect on what HSR stands for today and the specific contributions of our team to the field. In this workshop, Eric Breton will first briefly present the summary of the conclusions of the seminar and the topic areas our research team addresses. He will point to the specificities of HSR in the context of strong European welfare regimen and the importance of recognising the impact upstream social determinants of health have on health systems. We will then move on to our panellists who will, through their own research, question the current perspectives on HSR and highlight new advances in methodological approaches and tools at hand. Here is the list of topic we will cover. For our first panellist, Nicolas Sirven, the HSR scene is witnessing the coming of age of public policy evaluations in Europe, which is reflected in enhanced capacities to inform health system governance. He will argue that European health systems are increasingly collecting and giving access to large datasets. These datasets stand out as they cover whole populations or at least large shares of them. They will stress the importance of making the best of new evaluation approaches and methods that not only inform on impacts and outcomes but also on contextual conditions for policies to deliver. Drawing lessons from his work on access to kidney transplantation waiting list, Latame Komla Adoli will raise the issue of gender discrimination in health services. After presenting the evidence of this gender gap, he will demonstrate the capacity of HSR to provide valuable insights on how to close the gender gap and the importance of combining bio-statistical analyses with qualitative investigations. Nolwenn Le Meur-Rouillard will share insights on how big data and new data collection tools are opening up a new landscape for HSR. E-health devices, social networks, and electronic medical records (EHR) are all sources that can feed HSR making possible ‘real-life’ longitudinal studies on the entire population of a territory. This is offering a renewed vision of the disparities in access to and use of healthcare services. Carla Perrota, from the University College Dublin will conclude the workshop by offering some general remarks on the French HSR agenda and provide an account of her vision on the future of HSR. This interactive workshop will be facilitated by a web-based survey tool to further engage members of the audience. Highlights of the workshops will be published in a short paper. Key messages • Most definitions of health services research limit investigation to health care services; a situation that does not reflect the scope of actions of the strong welfare systems of Europe. • From a social determinant of health perspective, health services research needs to address programmes and policies governments deliver beyond health care to promote population health and equity.

The Poetics of Affect Studies: Exploring Affective Turn to Gender, Culture and Society in Shashi Deshpande's The Intrusion and Other Stories

ffect Studies is an interdisciplinary cognitive science that incorporates and simultaneously discusses human psychology, medical humanities, science and technology, philosophy, history, politics, sociology, ecology, gender and queer studies, literary studies and critical theory. It also manifests various mental aspects of affective consciousness that introduce the academic cross-examination of emotional responses and experienced feelings to the social occurrences and structures of our familiar world. Affect Studies, thereby, shows the effect and reflection of social factors on the mind of people individually or collectively in diverse neural communication of human brain areas to focus on personal, social, cultural, religious, historical and political affairs. It raises affect theory as a dominant paradigm of twenty-first-century literary studies that attempts to bridge the gap between biological, psychological and social manifestations in contemporary textual criticism. Affect theory is a non-linguistic literary turn or approach to gender and sexuality, culture, society, media and communication, history, and politics and that measures mankind’s automatic feelings, emotions and reactions to the social and cultural predefined characteristics of the world. Shashi Deshpande has occupied the highly acclaimed position as a women writer in Indian English Literature and most of her writings minutely represent women’s traumatic memories and psychology, dilemma, day-to-day feelings over the poignant issue of gender discrimination, sexual harassment, rape and pregnancy, domestic violence and oppression, the traditional code and conduct of the marriage system, the melodrama of the man-woman relationship, and the crisis of women’s space and freedom in the androcentric society of India. This research paper aims to examine the theoretical discourses of affective turn to the integrated but controversial relationship between gender, culture and society in Shashi Deshpande’s ‘The Intrusion and Other Stories’ (1993). It also evaluates Deshpande’s textualization of the abstract emotion, sense of alienation and despair, sorrow and pain, inner conflicts and typical unhappy feelings of Indian women in the articulation of her female characters, their struggle for identity, and their negotiations and reactions to the matter of gender discrimination and alterity, sexual violation and marital rape, unwanted pregnancy, domestic violence and exploitation, the conventional marriage system and marital discordance, and the subjugation of women’s identity.

The Disparities in the Treatment of African American Women in the Southern Black Baptist Church

Although the backbone of the African American community, the Black Church still engages in discriminatory practices against women. The Black Church was born to help African Americans survive in a world that discriminated against them, and yet it discriminates against its own Black women. This study focuses on the disparities in the treatment of African American women and men in the Southern Black Baptist Church. Based on ethnographic interviews of women who actively hold leadership roles in prominent Southern Black Baptist Churches, I highlight the magnitude of the problem Black women face, and show that the continued discrimination is resulting in many women leaving the Black Church. The Black Church will continue to be the backbone of the African American community, but until the Black Church faces its own issues of gender discrimination, it will not advance.

WOMEN'S PERSPECTIVE ON ISLAMIC EDUCATION

Islam regards men and women as equals with equal rights. However, there are major differences between men and women. This research will look into gender concerns in Islamic education. The study's goal is to assess Islamic education from a gender perspective and learn more about how Islam is taught. This type of inquiry is known as library research. To assess all of the study's data, the researchers used descriptive analytic approaches. Before investigating gender perspectives, the researchers gathered information on Islamic education. The results of this study show that men and women have similar perspectives on the role of women in Islamic education. When a society is peaceful, the issue of gender discrimination can be handled. The study discovered no differences in men's and women's intelligence or ability for thought, and as a result, women had an equal place in Islamic education to men in terms of gender representation.

Gender Disparities in Land Rights a Myth or a Reality? Case studies of the situations in Kenya and Tanzania

<p><big>All things being equal, and in a truly democratic world, one will expect that the fact that women are the majority in almost every single community of the world should guarantee them at least equal control or ownership over resources and enjoy most of the rights and privileges in that particular community. But things seem not to be working that way as evidence from the literature shows that women are always relegated to the background when it comes to the issue of control or ownership over, and sometimes even access to property in most societies which include the right to own and use land. This undoubtedly has a consequence on the productive and overall development of such a community. In recent times, the issue of gender discrimination, disparities, and inequalities has attracted the attention of researchers over the past decade with enormous literature in this area. There are, however, few studies that provide a comparative analysis of the situation between two or more countries. This paper seeks to fill this void of knowledge based on a review of relevant literature on land rights with an emphasis on the situations in Kenya and Tanzania. The results have shown the prevalence of four types of land rights such as communal property rights, non or open-access property rights, state or crown property rights, and private property rights. The results have further indicated that the controversial land rights of Kenya have led to the reduction in the lands of certain groups of people, increasing land disputes, and also discriminating against women in their land rights. In the case of Tanzania, there were several cases of bias against women concerning the ownership of land, especially under the customary system of Tanzania. Issues of discrimination against women were also identified in the inheritance laws of the land which is a paramount feature within the norms and cultures of the people of Tanzania. The lack of equal access to land by women in both countries is found to harm productivity in several sectors of their economies, especially in agriculture. Policymakers are therefore admonished to ensure equal access by both genders to land as this will lead to efficiency in the management and usage of land which is certainly good for sustainability in the development of any economy.</big></p>

Gender Discrimination in Education Systems Around the World — Taking China & UK as Examples

This myth has not been abolished, nor has it been improved upon through the years, despite the fact that the outdated and deeply established modern belief that boys are superior to girls has been there for a very long time. Instead, the majority of its characteristics have not changed at all. The fundamental goal of this study is to investigate the various issues of gender discrimination in education in China and the UK, and to expose the inequities in education systems across the world by comparing and contrasting similarities and differences, so that more women can be respected and receive the resources and fair treatment that is rightfully theirs. According to the results of the research, gender bias is significantly more widespread in the educational system of China than it is in the educational system of the United Kingdom. This is mostly the result of notions that have been carried down from a patriarchal civilization that existed thousands of years ago. These ideas are extremely limited in scope and have a very restricted focus. In contrast, people in the United Kingdom have a more accepting mentality, and females are not subjected to antagonism or discrimination in the vast majority of households.

QUEENS OF HOPE AND DEVOTION

In modern societies, it is widespread to observe that women tend to be paid less than men. Academically, there are still authors like Emilie Durkheim who supported a conservative view of women's positions in society. According to them, the issue of gender discrimination could be justified by the less dedication of women to work. Their devotions would tend not to be integral like those of the men. Then, the issue of gender discrimination raises various discussions of either the cultural or values arguments. This research, however, proposes to demonstrate that any such justification for gender segregation would have no empirical evidence in the stories of queens' governments. Thus, we start from the primary studies on the theme of segregation and power to demonstrate that the authors might agree that discrimination would incorporate shared values, and which would then be reflected in further empirical cases. Consequently, through the five ethnographic and bibliographic studies, it is shown that in the short periods of history in which women have taken power, they not only have exercised it better than men but instead have exercised them greatly, which also put further segregation justifications of segregation of gender into questionable perspectives.

Gender discrimination, social networks and access to informal finance of Vietnamese small and medium enterprises

The issue of gender discrimination in the informal credit market is under-investigated given that existing studies largely consider formal bank loans. Using a rich dataset on access to informal loans and loan terms of Vietnamese privately-owned manufacturing small and medium enterprises over 2005-2015, this paper finds that female-run firms have a lower propensity to borrow and incur a higher cost of borrowing from informal sources than male-run counterparts. The empirical evidence on gender discrimination is robust to the control of different firm characteristics, firm-specific unobserved heterogeneity, and selection bias. With the potential to mitigate gender discrimination, extended social networks are found to work in favor of female-run firms.

양성평등문제에 관한 위헌심사기준

Concerning the issue of gender discrimination, the Constitutional Court is said to have made landmark rulings that can change our society.
 The judicial review standard for the unconstitutionality of gender discrimination under the current Constitution is generally divided into strict scrutiny and minimal scrutiny.
 It can be seen that strict scrutiny is conducted on the judgment of violation of Article 32 paragraph 4 of the Korean Constitution that prohibits discrimination in employment, wages and working conditions, and violation of Article 36 paragraph 1 of the Korean Constitution that specifically stipulates equal treatment of gender in marriage and family life. and that in all the other areas, minimal scrutiny is conducted.
 There is no instance of strict scrutiny just for the reason that a case applies to the last paragraph of Article 11 of the Constitution, even if it can be regarded as discrimination on the grounds of gender based on political, economic, social and cultural areas as prescribed by Article 11 paragraph 1 of the Korean Constitution.
 Therefore, it would be of great significance to add a definitive independent regulation on gender equality apart from Article 11 paragraph 1 of the Constitution for future constitutional amendment.

Female leadership in communication management in Spain: making a difference in a sexist culture

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the position of women in the communication management sector in Spain from their own experiences. The study examines female communication and leadership styles, emphasising the cost of leadership in which they are leaders or led.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews with 22 women actively working in top companies and agencies: female communication directors, female employees with a female leader and female employees with a male leader. Data were analysed through thematic analysis.FindingsResults show mixed communication and leadership styles. In addition, the high level of self-demand of female communication managers stands out, making it challenging to achieve a work-life balance and the implementation of successful role models.Social implicationsExploring the factors of female leadership remains necessary to understand and make their situation in various industries and positions visible. It also helps remove barriers to leadership, guide organisations in addressing gender discrimination issues and develop mechanisms for the internal promotion of female professionals.Originality/valueTo the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study exploring the leadership and communication styles of women in the Spanish Public Relations (PR) and communication management industries. It also highlights the aspects influencing the cost of leadership.

Ugruntowanie prawa do aborcji w konstytucyjnych zasadach prywatności, równości i wolności w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki a argumentacja Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 22 października 2020 r.

The U.S. Supreme Court’s Roe v. Wade ruling was pivotal in American women’s fight for the right to abortion. It was based on the constitutional principle of the right to privacy and was criticized that it would be more appropriate to base it on the principle of equality. The aim of the article is to compare the way in which the U.S. Supreme Court rulings legalizing abortion have been argued with the Polish Constitutional Tribunal’s 2020 ruling limiting the already restrictive right to abortion. The article analyzes the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal and presents its potential effects in terms of women’s rights, gender equality and freedom. In its conclusion, the article points to possible legal solutions to the abortion dilemma and addresses the issue of gender discrimination.

Sairat Zaala Ji…

In Maharashtra, a few numbers of films have been produced on Dalit marginal or subaltern narratives, mainly based on the intersectionality of caste and gender conflicts. Unfortunately, these films have not received good responses nor got a box office success like Sairat movie did in the twenty-first century. In India, caste conflict, Brahminical hegemony and gender discrimination issues have produced fewer cinematic narratives about subalterns and badly left them without a voice. This article significantly exemplifies the Sairat movie to understand how a young generation in Maharashtra (especially from the rural areas) is facing caste hierarchy, class conflict, discrimination, gender-related issues and challenges in their lives. A class conflict and the characters’ struggle can be seen through the protagonists Parshya (Akash Thosar) and Archi (Rinku Rajguru) when they get married and start living their lives as an average couple, but nothing happens as a happy ending. This story re/presents the struggle of inter-caste marriage couples, social unacceptability and exclusion. They fail to resist the social, political and caste conflicts and get killed. In short, they become a victim of honour killing. To conclude, Sairat represents social, gender and caste conflict and reflects the struggle of youngsters in inter-caste marriages.

EFL Female Teachers' and Students' Experiences of Gender Discrimination in Rural Nepali Schools

Gender discrimination in schools is a serious problem in developed and developing countries including Nepal. Literature shows that gender discrimination in educational institutions, like in other workplaces, is common. My experience as a teacher and the cross-road conversation with some EFL female teachers and students triggered me to study the issue of gender discrimination in schools critically. The purpose of the study reported here was to explore EFL female teachers' and students' experiences of gender discrimination in Nepali schools. Using qualitative phenomenology design, I collected information through semi-structured interviews with eight female teachers and eight students from four schools in a district. The result showed that many female teachers and girls experienced various forms of gender-based discrimination such as psychological and emotional torture, sexual harassment, inequality in assigning roles and responsibilities, discrimination in hiring, unequal wages, disrespect, gender-based bias in grading, and lack of gender-inclusive curriculum and textbooks in schools. Similarly, the paper suggests the teachers and the stakeholders develop gender-inclusive curricula and promote positive gender socialization for gender equality in schools.

Does Gender Inequality Matter in Employment? A Content- and Consistency-Based Analysis of Female Labour Participation in the Nigerian Civil Service

Abstract The impact of gender inequality on female employment cannot be overemphasised due to its detrimental effect on women’s well-being, empowerment, development and progress. This study investigated gender discrimination issues women face and classified the impact on female labour participation in the civil service. The study administered semi-structured interview questions to 27 civil servants in Nigeria that were conveniently selected, and used a content-and consistency-based analytical technique to analyse the civil servants' subjective experiences, opinions, and perceptions. The findings suggest that gender inequality impacts negatively on women’s employment with systemic gender disparity issues having a higher consistency rate and significantly known among the civil servants than individual-driven gender disparity issues. The study recommends that the government enact and effectively implement policies that will eliminate systemic gender inequalities, which will eliminate or marginally reduce individual-driven gender inequalities.