Climate Change Issues Research Articles

Do Teenagers Believe in Anthropogenic Climate Change and Take Action to Tackle It?

Regardless of their nationality, all children are unfortunately at risk since nations across the world are not doing enough to reduce the impacts of climate change. However, teenagers in developing countries face more severe challenges as a consequence of climate change. This research portrays teenagers living in a rural area in terms of their awareness, beliefs, attitudes, and actions relevant to climate change. Beliefs regarding climate change are reflected in the context of skepticism about the existence, causes, and impacts of climate change as well as belief in climate change mitigation. We also magnify ecocentrism and anthropocentrism, as a socio-psychological factor, and gender, a demographic variable, when exploring their power as the antecedents of climate change-related actions. The data were gathered from 650 students attending a middle school selected from a rural area located in the inner west region of Türkiye. The results indicated that less than half of the teenagers believed in the notion that something could be done to tackle climate change. According to discriminant analysis, female teenagers tend to believe in climate change more and have stronger ecocentric attitudes compared to males. Furthermore, female teenagers seemed to engage in climate change-related actions more than males. This study provided further evidence on the role of beliefs and attitudes in relation to this issue. To be more specific, teenagers believing that anthropogenic factors lead to climate change and that we, as humans, should therefore do our bit to reduce climate change, also tend to take the necessary actions to combat climate change. Furthermore, these individuals, valuing the natural environment for its own sake, engage in actions for climate change mitigation. By examining the awareness, beliefs, attitudes, and actions of teenagers in rural areas towards climate change, this research underscores the critical role of the quality of formal education in equipping teenagers to effectively engage with climate change issues.

The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NARR) using MOF-808 enhanced by the transition metal Fe (III) and H2PO4−/HPO42−

The combustion of fossil fuels has led to a surge in global CO2 emissions, causing environmental pollution and climate change issues that cannot be ignored. Ammonia, a green and carbon-free hydrogen energy, is emerging as a promising contender for new renewable fuels. Electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction reaction (NARR) is an emerging green synthesis method compared to the Haber-Bosch approach, and its performance is mainly controlled by selective hydrogenation. In this work, we report an efficient Fe@MOF-808-H2PO4−/HPO42− electrocatalyst (donated as Fe@MOF-808-P) for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate-to-ammonia. The results showed that the highest Faraday efficiency of NH3 (FENH3) is 90.8 ± 0.5 % at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) in a 0.5 M potassium sulfate (K2SO4) solution containing nitrite (NO3−), the corresponding NH3 yield and specific activity are 420.4 ± 18.1 μmol h−1 cm−2 and 1035.9 ± 20.1 mgNH3 h−1 mgFe, respectively.Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the catalytic performance of Fe@MOF-808-H2O, MOF-808, MOF-808-P, and carbon cloth (CC) revealed that introducing P could accelerate the hydrogenation process of NO3− in the NARR process, confirming that Fe is the primary active center. Additionally, the cyclic electrolysis experiment demonstrated that the catalyst showed excellent stability. The results highlighted the promising potential of ammonia for future applications in renewable energy systems.

SWINDU (Smart Farming dengan Wind Turbine) = Rancang Bangun Wind Turbine Sederhana berbasis ESP32 untuk Smart Farming Deteksi Kelembapan Tanah pada Sayuran Pokcoy

This research describes the design and implementation of a wind turbine system integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller to detect soil moisture in pakcoy vegetable plants. The main objective of this research is to create a sustainable solution that combines renewable energy with smart crop monitoring technology. The system uses a wind turbine as the main energy source that can generate electricity to operate the soil moisture sensor and DHT11 temperature sensor. The data obtained from these two sensors is used to measure and monitor the environmental conditions of pakcoy plants in real-time. The goal is to support the development of renewable energy, such as wind turbines, to address climate change and safeguard natural resources. Benefits include a reduction in the negative impacts of conventional energy and support for global efforts to address climate change. The methodology involves designing a wind turbine prototype, using temperature and humidity sensors, and integrating smart farming systems. The research also includes a research schedule. The results are expected to be an efficient prototype for generating electrical energy and a MitApp application for monitoring crop and wind energy data. This proposal is relevant to environmental and climate change issues and has the potential for a positive impact on sustainability and the environment.

Measuring climate change perception in China using mental images: A nationwide open-ended survey.

Current knowledge about public climate change perception mainly covers belief, concern, and attitudes. However, how this discourse is interpreted using individuals' own frame of reference remains largely unknown, particularly in many large emitters from non-Annex I countries such as China. This study, for the first time, performs a nationwide open-ended survey covering 4,037 respondents and collected 12,100 textual answers. Using a semiautomated coding method, we find seven mental images that exclusively represent the Chinese interpretation of the climate change issue, including global warming, distant icons, natural disasters, environmental degradation, cause, solution, and weather. Analysis of influencing factors shows that females, those with lower education levels, lower income, and older individuals tend to connect climate change with natural weather phenomena. Younger and well-educated residents in developed cities are more aware of various consequences and anthropogenic causes of climate change. People with stronger climate change beliefs, policy support, and personal experience of extreme weather are more likely to mention disastrous impacts, carbon emission as causes, and potential solutions. Employing the multilevel regression and post-stratification technique, we map the prevalence of mental images in China at the prefecture-city level. The results reveal significant geographical heterogeneity, with estimated national means ranging from a high of 55% (weather) to a low of 11% (solution). Our findings reveal diverse perspectives and a widespread misconception of climate change in China, suggesting the need for tailored clarification strategies to gain public consent.

Recent Advancements in Materials for Proton-Conducting Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

The escalating threats posed by climate change and environmental issues underscore the need for urgent exploration of clean energy technologies. In this context, proton-conducting reversible solid oxide cells (P-RSOCs) have emerged as promising contenders for large-scale energy storage and conversion. Their efficacy at intermediate temperatures (400 - 600 °C) is a distinctive advantage, attributed to the remarkable ionic conductivity of proton conductors within this temperature range. This feature positions P-RSOCs favorably for the efficient, cost-effective, and enduring conversion between clean electricity and green hydrogen.However, the successful commercialization of P-RSOCs hinges on the rational design of novel materials and meticulous surface/interface modifications to significantly enhance performance and durability. Achieving prolonged durability during cycling between fuel cell and electrolysis modes while maintaining high Faraday efficiency and roundtrip energy efficiency is of paramount importance. A central challenge involves the development of electrolyte materials exhibiting exceptional stability and a high ionic transference number under operating conditions. Additionally, bifunctional electrodes/catalysts, particularly for the oxygen electrode, must demonstrate elevated activity for efficient dual-mode operation.To effectively tackle these challenges, it is imperative to devise new protocols for controlling the structure, composition, and morphology of materials across multiple length scales. Equally crucial is gaining a fundamental understanding of degradation mechanisms and electrode processes. This presentation will illuminate the critical scientific challenges inherent in developing a new generation of P-RSOCs, providing insights into the latest advancements in electrolyte materials and bifunctional electrodes/catalysts. Furthermore, it will highlight strategies for enhancing durability and electrode activity through surface/interface modification, along with the latest developments in modeling, simulation, and in situ characterization techniques to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The presentation will conclude prospects for achieving low-cost, highly efficient, and durable P-RSOCs through innovative material-based solutions.

Policy implications for the nexus of climate change and gender-based issues in Thailand: case study of waste management

This perspective engages in the complex connections between environmental challenges and gender-based issues in Thailand, revealing a critical intersection that demands immediate attention. This perspective unveils persistent disparities within the environmental realm, particularly in waste management. The perspective advocates for a comprehensive, sustainable strategy to effectively address these challenges. By dissecting the nexus of environmental and gender concerns, the perspective highlights the urgency of dismantling gender-related disparities within waste management and broader environmental conservation efforts. The proposed policy reforms and recommendations underpin the necessity of a holistic approach, integrating cultural shifts and community empowerment initiatives. This perspective envisions a more equitable future, emphasising the imperative of safeguarding both men’s and women’s active participation and benefit in environmental conservation endeavours.

Japanese climate capitalism? Toward an understanding of industry’s changing attitudes toward climate change mitigation in Japan

Despite a history of progressive environmental policies in relation to pollution and energy efficiency, Japan stands out as a country with relatively few achievements on the issue of climate change. While research on Japanese climate change policy up until now has focused attention on the role played by government, to date insufficient attention has been paid to the role and impacts of various sectors of Japanese industry in both directly influencing climate change policy and in shaping the discourse surrounding climate change in Japan, as well as to the ways through which the accumulation strategies of different fractions of capital may be impacted by climate change policy. This article overcomes this gap by surveying business responses to climate change and climate change policy through a mixed methods approach that combines content analysis and critical discourse analysis of major firms’ annual corporate reports, comparing data from 2010, the last year prior to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake that had highly disruptive impacts on Japan’s power generation capacity as well as the discourse surrounding energy more widely, and 2022, the most recent year for which all firms had data available. The content analysis results indicate a substantial increase in attention to climate change related keywords between 2010 and 2022 across all sectors, but particularly for the oil and gas, electric power, and steel manufacturing sectors. Yet a closer look at some of the detailed comments from key firms indicated an ongoing commitment to continued expansion of output and consumption, with carbon neutrality to be achieved wholly through the application of advanced technologies, many of which are currently commercially or technically unviable, raising questions about many firms’ abilities to effectively achieve their emissions reductions targets without more significant changes to their overall business strategies.

Relationship Between Background of Youth and Their Awareness, Attitude and Perception Towards Climate Change

Nowadays, climate change has been a topic of discussion for many people at various levels all over the world. With the increase in world temperature year by year, there are many reports of extreme weather, melting of the polar ice cap, and rising of the sea level that are affecting people in their daily lives. Since it is disrupting human life, efforts are being carried out by international bodies, governments, and various NGOs in mitigation and adaptation efforts of climate change impact by raising awareness on climate change issues. In Malaysia, such efforts are being carried out too, and many studies are conducted to analyse various aspects of climate change, including social science. In this study, youth are targeted as the respondents as they can play an important role in climate change mitigation, which makes analysing their level of awareness, perception, and attitude towards climate change needed. Therefore, using purposive sampling techniques, undergraduates at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) currently taking the WSU 101: Sustainable Issues, Challenges, and Prospects course are chosen as respondents. Using an online questionnaire, 234 out of 498 students participated in this study. In order to understand the intention and motivation of youth towards climate change, the Theory of Planned Behaviour is used, and three types of variables, which consist of independent variables (gender, age, education background, and knowledge), intervening variables (personal experience, self-interest, and intention), and dependent variables (awareness, perception, and behaviour), are used to analyse the relationship and factors. Using all the data collected, it was found that respondents in this study are aware of and have a good understanding of climate change. Moreover, it is also found that they are aware that climate change is affecting their lives, and there is a relationship between their demographic background, experiences, and behaviour or attitudes towards climate change. Since climate change impacts are affecting our livelihoods and youth, which represent almost half of Malaysia's current population, it can be an effective and efficient tool to promote climate change awareness for mitigation and adaptation programs. Thus, the findings of this study can be used as a baseline for climate change programs among youth, and this can be done by collecting responses from a larger youth population so that more comprehensive initiatives can be planned and implemented.

Comparing Company Valuation Before and After IPO Study Case PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Tbk

Affordable energy resources of energy play a crucial role in economic and social development to support food production, availability of water supply and sustainable healty lifestyle. In order to avoid long-term scarcity resulting from the continuous use of non-renewable energy sources, we must explore all potential renewable energy source that align with concernes about climate change and other environmental issues. As a continuation of the Indonesian government’s efforts to generate clean and environmental friendly energy, PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) was established in 2006. It has contributed 82% of the installed geothermal energy capacity in Indonesia. By leveraging Indonesia’s location within the Ring of Fire as one of the world’s geothermal energy hubs, PGE has been supplying electricity to more than 2 million households in Indonesia with a potential emission reduction of 9.7 million tons of CO2 per year. To achieve sustainable business growth, PGEO is optimizing production in its operational areas by expanding installed capacity. In the company consideration, IPO is an appropriate step to financing the expansion. The author compares the company’s value before and after the IPO to determine the short-term impact of the IPO, helping investors gauge their confidence in making investment decisions in PGEO. This study utilizes secondary data from prospectuses, financial statements, annual reports, sustainability reports, company-published documents, as well as data from IDX.co.id and IDN Financials.com. The data was collected and analyzed to understand evaluate financial performance, and assess the company’s value before and after the IPO. The calculation of the company’s intrinsic value is conducted using the Discounted Cash Flow Valuation method for the pre-IPO period against the company’s financial projections for the years 2019 to 2022 and for the post-IPO period against the company’s financial projections for the years 2024 to 2028, using discount rates of 8.25% and 8.65% for each. In resulting the intrinsic value pre-IPO is IDR 1.141,28 and the intrinsic value post-IPO is IDR 1.300,86. The stock price of PGEO at its IPO on February 23, 2023, was IDR 875, while the adjusted closing price on December 29, 2023, was IDR 1,170. This study founds that the market price of PGEO’s stock, both before and after the IPO, are overvalued.

Unraveling the impact of financial stress and trade policy uncertainty on advancing renewable energy transition in the USA

Renewable energy consumption (REC) has become the most suitable option to tackle the issues of energy security and climate change because it is a sustainable, clean, and affordable energy source. Literature on the determinants of REC is growing rapidly, but most rely on linear analysis. This analysis is a nonlinear perspective on the impact of financial stress and trade policy uncertainty on REC in the USA over 1995Q1-2021Q4. The study uses autoregressive distributed lag and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag for empirical analysis. The linear estimates reveal that financial stress and trade policy uncertainty reduce long-run (LR) REC. On the other hand, the nonlinear estimates suggest that positive changes in financial stress and trade policy uncertainty reduce REC, whereas the negative changes in both these factors boost REC in the LR. While the GDP causes an improvement in REC, environmental technologies do not significantly impact the REC in the LR. In the short-run, only the linear and nonlinear estimates of financial stress and environmental technologies significantly impact REC. Due to the asymmetric nature of the findings, policymakers must take into account the positive and negative changes in the financial stress and trade policy uncertainty while devising policies to promote renewable energy transition.

Influence of multilevel governance on land use change in China's rapidly urbanizing metropolitan from low-carbon perspective

Low-carbon oriented land use change is crucial to tackling climate change issues in rapidly urbanizing metropolitans. Previous studies lacked to consider how the cross-level interaction within multilevel governance of metropolitan areas affect the land use change. In order to simulate multilevel governance interaction, this study proposes a land use simulation model, facilitating a comparative analysis of simulated results under different scenarios. Taking Hangzhou as the empirical study area, the results show that the predicted scale of construction land with high carbon emissions is smallest in interactive governance scenario. Its overall low-carbon performance of land use is the best among all scenarios, with a Polycentric Degree of 0.7856 (N = 4) and 0.9142 (N = 6), and Cohesion Degree and Land-Use Degree Index are 101.8320 and 101.7944 respectively. This study revealed that the interactive governance effectively curbs the growth of land with high-carbon emissions, promoting the spatial carbon efficiency and the low-carbon oriented spatial layout. Multi-level governance provides a framework for effective implantation of low-carbon oriented land use change objective and plays an important role in promoting its low-carbon performance. This study innovatively incorporates governance parameters into the land use prediction model, providing guidance for optimizing land use governance in metropolitan areas.

Towards promoting sustainability in the learning environment – a focus on green walls and green roofs

Environmental concerns have gained international attention as a result of rising urbanisation and population expansion. One of the main sectors responsible for the devastation of the environment is the construction industry. It is responsible for approximately 40% of global energy consumption and nearly 30% of greenhouse gasses. Aside from the energy crisis, climate change, global warming, declining biodiversity, and health issues are some of the challenges facing current society. Those have led to the amalgamation of natural vegetation into the built environment. Amongst several forms of natural vegetation such as rain gardens, street trees, urban drainage systems, green roofs, and green walls, etc., Due to the limited availability of land and the multiple advantages that it offers in terms of three sustainability pillars, green walls and roofs represent the most technologically sound solutions.

Sustainable finance disclosure in ASEAN’s banking industry: Do board independence and diversity matter?

This paper aims at investigating the relation between board independence and diversity (gender diversity and nationality diversity) on sustainable finance disclosure (SFD) in ASEAN’s banking industry. We collected the SFD data from the sustainable finance report. The board independence variable is measured using the percentage of independent board members, while the board diversity is measured using Blau's index. This paper uses data with a total of 276 observations from 2017 to 2019 using two panel data regressions: fixed effect and random effect. The result of the study indicates that the SFD in ASEAN is at a low level because there are only 34 banks that implement SFD. SFD has a positive association with the board’s independence. While the gender diversity on the board is not significantly affecting the SFD. The board’s nationality diversity is negatively associated with SFD. The results of this study can be useful in evaluating the implementation of SFD for each banking organization in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, we expect the results of this research to assist ASEAN financial regulators and banking associations in optimizing SFD as a means of addressing the issue of climate change.

Nurturing Scientific Literacy under Sustainable Development Goals in the Teaching of Science

To cope with the global challenges, United Nations came up with 17 sustainable development goals (SDG for short) to eradicate the extreme poverty, education inequality, climate change and other issues concerning to mankind living condition. SDG 4 aims to provide the access to quality education for everyone around the world. Since education plays a crucial role in realizing SDGs, science education is conducive to equip students with scientific literacy to explore the sustainability considering its nature of discipline. This research was conducted in a Chinese senior high school among science teachers, including biology, physics, chemistry, and management staff for a more comprehensive data needed. Based on findings, science education was poorly implemented on scientific literacy-oriented since all disciplines in class are for exam purpose not for overall development of students. Therefore, this research is trying to contribute for well-performed science education teaching mechanism in China in context of sustainability in a long run.

Role of land use, green energy, and water resources for food accessibility: Evidence from emerging economies in the lens of COP28

AbstractIn the era of COP28, where most of the developed and developing economies concentrate more on the development of environmentally friendly energy resources to tackle the issue of climate change. Nevertheless, the literature lacks appropriate evidence regarding the influences of green energy and other resources on food security. This study analyses the influences of land use, green energy, and water resources on food accessibility in emerging economies, while also considering the important roles of natural resources, research and development (R&D) expenditure, and economic growth during 1980–2020. Due to non‐linear data dispersion, the novel moments quantile regression is employed. Results assert that land use has a positive significant influence on food accessibility in the presence of water resources and a weaker negative impact in the presence of natural resources. Natural and water resources are detrimental to food accessibility in the Emerging Seven (E7) countries. Furthermore, R&D expenditure and green energy positively (negatively), while economic growth negatively (positively) impacted food accessibility in the presence of natural resources (water resources). The results are robust and validate causal inferences that help develop appropriate policies for emerging economies concerning food accessibility or security. In this rapidly evolving era, most empirical studies consider environmental quality. Conversely, this study contributes to the literature by examining the factors influencing food accessibility, as this issue is of considerable importance because of the rapidly growing global population.

Value creation of green banking technology sustainability: The role of initial trust

This study aims to identify the factors influencing GBT acceptance. Questionnaires were distributed online to users of green banking technology in Indonesia, with 456 respondents. Reducing emissions and utilizing environmentally friendly technologies have been and are still necessary to address the issue of climate change. Green banking technology (GBT) is a banking technology that supports green business. GBT can carry out online banking activities to reduce excessive paper use. The data was analyzed using Partial least squares (PLS). The results show that perceived usefulness (PU) is the strongest predictor for continuously supporting GBT. However, perceived ease of use (PEOU) cannot positively influence technology adoption. The rapid growth of digitalization allows users to become familiar with the technology, so convenience is not the determining factor. Meanwhile, on the aspect of trust and value, it has been proven to be a strong link. This research offers academics and practitioners a perspective on green business practices using GBT. Green banking practices, particularly those focusing on reducing environmental footprints, like transitioning to online banking, should be further explored and promoted. This study also recommends optimizing the functionality of green banking technology to suit user needs. In addition, the level of trust is also a serious concern because it can determine whether someone will continue or leave GBT.

Connecting audiences with climate change: Towards humanised and action-focused data interactions

This paper investigates the relationship between design research and humancomputer interaction (HCI) in the context of climate change communication and engagement. We discuss current practices in climate change communication and the decrease in concern and engagement caused by “crisis fatigue”. Through Research through Design (RtD), we set out to investigate data humanism and how users react to climate change data, testing approaches to improve engagement. With this purpose, we designed and evaluated Finding Arcadia, an interactive data story that uses data humanism to shift the dialogue from crisis-focused to action-focused. One study with the original IMF visualisations (N = 17) and two studies in public spaces (N = 12 and N = 64) point to the contextualization of the data and presenting actionable solutions helping in engaging users with climate change issues; help in creating solution-focused narratives and interpreting and relating with climate data. From these results, we derive insights for designing empowering interactive data visualizations for resilient climate change engagement.

Gender Disparities in Climate Resilience: Amplifying Voices of Women in Climate Change Issue in Indonesia’s Chairmanship of ASEAN 2023

Indonesia officially received the mandate as Chair of ASEAN from January 1 to December 31, 2023. During the post-COVID-19 pandemic, in the period 2022-2023 Indonesia received appreciation from the international community regarding the successful organization of international forums including the G-20. Indonesia's attitude is considered to remain neutral and maximize Indonesia's function as a middle-power at the level of multilateralism, amid geopolitical conflicts such as the Ukraine-Russia conflict and regional instability in the Middle East. But on the other hand, there are other issues in the realm of low politics, including the issue of climate change and women's vulnerability. As a region with a long coastline, it has a high potential risk as a chain effect of climate change. In addition, the gender disparity that is still quite high in this region is one of the factors that make women vulnerable to climate change issues, such as vulnerability in the labor, health and gender-based violence sectors. This paper focuses on seeing the extent to which Indonesia's role as chair of ASEAN in 2023 advocates the issue of climate change in a gender framework. The concept of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) which focuses on women's participation in the public sector and policy initiation is used as a framework. The expected results of this study can show the relationship between environmental issues and women's vulnerability and the imbalance between women's participation in the public sector and policy initiation. Keywords: GESI, women, climate change, ASEAN Chairmanship, Indonesia.

Design of Carbon Monitoring System Platform for Agricultural Energy Internet

As global climate change and carbon emission issues become increasingly severe, the agricultural energy internet plays a crucial role in achieving low-carbon development. The merging of new energy with modern agriculture is progressively being realized, making effective carbon monitoring and accounting especially critical. This paper presents a novel design for a carbon monitoring system platform for the agricultural energy internet, using aquaponics greenhouses as the research object. Addressing the difficulties presented by the diversity and magnitude of agricultural carbon sources, the paper proposes a carbon accounting model applicable to such greenhouse environments. This model aims to enhance energy utilization efficiency and reduce carbon emissions through precise accounting and monitoring. Subsequently, a carbon monitoring system applicable to the agricultural energy internet is designed. This system enables real-time and accurate monitoring and assessment of carbon emissions and absorption in agricultural parks. The platform, developed using a B/S architecture with a separation model between front-end and back-end employing Vue and Spring Boot frameworks, provides a comprehensive solution for monitoring and managing carbon emissions in agricultural energy.

Model Wakaf Energy (Solar Panel) terhadap Isu Perubahan Iklim

Reducing the amount of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane released into the atmosphere is one of the causes of climate change, which is from actions such as burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and agricultural practices using renewable energy, such as solar energy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the model in depth of energy waqf (solar panel) on the issue of climate change. The data of this study was obtained through a literature study and evaluated in three steps: data reduction, data distribution, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the waqf energy model (solar panel) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is because solar power plants built with waqf funds can produce safe electrical energy and do not emit greenhouse gases. Solar power plants built with waqf funds can be used to meet the needs of the community, such as households, SMEs, and industries. This can reduce people's dependence on fossil energy, which is an energy source that produces greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the energy waqf model (solar panels) can also generate economic and social benefits for the community.