Tourism Development Issues Research Articles

Geographic analysis of the condition of tourism of Luhansk region (Ukraine) in the context of the conflict

The article is devoted to the geographic analysis and evaluation of the development of tourism in Luhansk region in the context of the current conflict. The aim of this report is to monitor the state of tourism in Luhansk region, which is especially relevant in this transformational period. We used research methodology which combines the philosophical and general scientific principles that form the methodological principles of scientific research and include a number of laws and categories. Analytical, statistical, comparative-geographical, historical methods of research were used. We considered in chronological order the formation of tourism in the region. The state of tourism in the region under the conditions of the conflict is analyzed. It is revealed that the current state of tourism is that of crisis, but there are positive prospects for development. The geographical possibilities of tourism development at the present stage are substantiated. It is proposed to develop the most promising types of tourism. The scientific novelty is due to choice of theme itself, because geographers devote insufficient attention to the study of tourism development issues in the context of the conflict. For the first time , a geographic analysis of the status of tourism of Luhansk region in the conditions of the conflict is presented. The methods of comprehensive assessment of tourism development at the regional level have been improved with the use of quantitative and qualitative indicators, which allows us to determine the directions of tourist development in the region. The existing information on the influence of the conflict period on tourism development is supplemented.For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the status of tourism in Luhansk region was carried out for different periods: at the beginning of the conflict and during the conflict, which showed that Ukraine’s image as a place of conflict led to the emergence of new social-geographical features of the development of tourism in the east of Ukraine. It is revealed that the conflict has led to instability in the development of tourism, tourists who are worried about their safety refuse to visit a conflicted country or region. This inevitably leads to a decrease in the number of international tourist arrivals and revenues from tourism, a decrease in the number of objects of tourism and of collective accommodation facilities. It is determined that the attractiveness for tourism and image of the eastern region is almost lost as a result of the conflict. It is proved that the conflict negatively impacted the development of the tourism industry in the region, namely, all types of tourism suffered, significantly reducing the total number of tourists.It is determined that tourism in the post-conflict period may become a promising direction of economic development of the eastern regions of Ukraine. The main provisions, factual material and conclusions of the article can be used for further research on the development of tourism in Luhansk region and the creation of a concept for overcoming the negative consequences of the conflict of 2014-2019 in Ukraine for the development of the national tourism industry.

Social sustainability of tourism in Iceland: A qualitative inquiry

ABSTRACTSustainability research in tourism increasingly focuses on social issues such as the relationship between resident quality of life and community resilience through adaptive capacity. This study of resident and tourism relations in Iceland contributes to this growing body of literature. The research was supported by the Icelandic Tourist Board to meet the need to monitor the social sustainability of tourism in Iceland. Observation in public spaces showed disruption in daily routines for residents as physical infrastructure filled with tourists and the activities of tourism enterprises. In-depth interviews revealed residents’ awareness of potential benefits and problems with tourism, but a positive experience of and attitude toward tourists. A concern for the well-being of tourists was a theme in the interviews. However, residents were critical of the tourism industry and tourism management in both the private and public sector and questioned the sustainability of tourism growth. This leads us to consider the concepts of quality of life and resilience and responsible tourism as aspects of how communities experience and cope with tourism. We conclude that social sustainability, understood as both procedural and substantive, is a useful concept in addressing issues in tourism development.

A town overshadoved by a museum: Problems of tourism development in Oświęcim

The article presents issues of tourism development in Oświęcim – a town that remains in the shadow of the former genocide site of Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp. The authors’ aim is to present the results of research on the image of the town, as well as activities leading to a change of the unfavourable image of Oświęcim: “a town overshadowed by a museum”. They are included in “The Strategy for Tourism Development in Oświęcim, 2018-2030”, developed with the support of the authors of this article. The paper also presents an analysis of tourism development and tourist assets with respect to using them to create a supplementary offer for tourists visiting the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum.

DESKRIPSI PERMASALAHAN UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA BERKELANJUTAN DI DANAU TOBA SUMATERA UTARA (PROBLEM DESCRIPTION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT EFFORT ON TOBA LAKE NORTH SUMATERA)

Penelitian ini adalah sebuah usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengurai masalah yang dihadapi para stakeholder dalam mewujudkan sebuah pengelolaan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan di kawasan Danau Toba. Indikator yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah indikator dasar dari 5 (lima) isu utama pengembangan periwisata berkelanjutan yang telah dikembangkan oleh United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan diperkuat dengan data-data yang bersifat kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran indikator-indikator dasar tersebut dan pendalaman yang dilakukan dengan diskusi-diskusi yang dilakukan dengan para informan penelitian, diketahui bahwa sebenarnya penyelesaian persoalan dasar pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan di sebuah destinasi wisata masih menjadi tugas besar bagi para stakeholder kepariwisataan di kawasan tersebut. Berdasarkan jenis permasalahan yang ada, maka terdapat kebutuhan kebijakan pengembangan terkait: 1) peningkatkan perekonomian dengan adanya kegiatan pariwisata; 2) penjaminan kesejahteraan daerah dan masyarakat lokal dengan adanya kegiatan pariwisata; 3) pemenuhan kepuasan pengunjung; 4) pelibatan masyarakat lokal di dalam pengelolaan kepariwisataan; dan 5) penjaminan kelestarian lingkungan hidup.
 
 Kata kunci: pengembangan, pariwisata berkelanjutan, Danau Toba

МІЖНАРОДНЕ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО В ГАЛУЗІ ТУРИЗМУ МІЖ УКРАЇНОЮ ТА НОВОЮ ЗЕЛАНДІЄЮ

Aim. A detailed study of the state of international cooperation between Ukraine and New Zealand, an analysis of the tourist offer of the represented and tourist market of the countries and the development of recommendations for the development of tourism between countries. Methodology. The study is to analyze and systematize information on the development of international tourism cooperation between Ukraine and New Zealand. The methodology is based on the use of modern methods for the search and processing of heterogeneous information, its analysis, synthesis and generalization. Results. Reviewed the problems of international cooperation in the field of tourism between Ukraine and New Zealand, the role and importance of cooperation between state (government) institutions, various public organizations and non-profit structures that promote the development of tourist exchanges between countries. The main forms, goals and means of international cooperation are explored, bilateral relations are revealed in the field, which facilitate prompt solution of many issues of tourism development between countries. The analysis of tourist offer in the tourism market of both countries is carried out. Scientific novelty. Based on the information gathered on the factors contributing to and hindering the development of tourism between Ukraine and New Zealand and the analysis of the tourism market, practical recommendations were given for improving the interaction of these countries in the field of tourism. The practical significance lies of the study is the possibility of implementing the results obtained in the development of regional strategies and programs for tourism development between the two countries.

Fostering tourism destination competitiveness in developing countries: The role of sustainability

This study aims to test if sustainability influences tourism destination competitiveness in developing countries. The case study for the analysis is Brazil, where the enormous and unexploited potential for tourism makes sustainability a central issue in tourism development. Empirical results show that sustainability factors are positively associated with competitiveness indicators used as dependent variables in the regression model, thereby supporting the hypothesis that sustainability plays a key role in fostering tourism destination competitiveness. Tourism growth in developing countries has led to a number of environmental and socioeconomic problems. These results indicate that a new model of cleaner tourism that favorably affects economy, environment, and society is required. Some recommendations are provided based on empirical evidence to enable the developing countries to attain sustainable tourism development.

Managing World Heritage Site stakeholders: a grounded theory paradigm model approach

ABSTRACTThe complex issues of conservation, politics, tourism development and governance have emerged as critical issues within sustainable tourism at World Heritage sites. This study analyzes divergent perspectives of multiple stakeholders toward sustainable tourism development in Masouleh, a tentatively listed UNESCO World Heritage location in northern Iran. The study uses a grounded theory approach for framing the case study and provides insights into understanding the obstacles of sustainable tourism in Masouleh in the context of the socioeconomic, political, and environmental dimensions of development. Drawing on in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, findings revealed that the village of Masouleh confronts numerous challenges that have implications for any listing as World Heritage. The study is significant because of the focus on a tentatively listed site, as well as acknowledging domestic opposition to heritage tourism despite the site’s potential international significance.

Virtual reality and situated experiential education: A conceptualization and exploratory trial

AbstractVirtual reality is widely recognized as offering the potential for fully immersive environments. This paper introduces a framework that guides the creation and analysis of immersive environments that are pedagogically structured to support situated and experiential education. The “situated experiential education environment” framework described in this paper is used to examine the impact that a virtual environment can have on the user experience of participants in a virtual space. The analysis of a virtual environment implemented to support learner exploration of issues of tourism development and the related impacts, suggest that this type of experience is capable of providing participants with a holistic experience of real‐world environments that are otherwise too expensive, impractical, or unethical for large groups of people to visit in person. The pedagogical value of such experiences is enabled through immersion in a reality‐based environment, engagement with complex and ambiguous situations and information, and interaction with the space, other students, and teachers. The results demonstrate that complex immersive learning environments are readily achievable but that high levels of interactivity remain a challenge.

Akselerasi Pengembangan Pariwisata Indonesia yang Berkelanjutan

The growth of world tourism industry was indicated by increasing 4,7% in 2014 compared to 2013, reach over 1.138 billion tourist. Tourism fundamentally generate economic activity in destination all around the world. Sustainability still become main issue in tourism development, pushed to balance between mass tourism and alternative tourism. This happens also in Indonesia, when "ocean axis" offered by President of Indonesian Republic has open the unbalance west and east Indonesia in development, including tourism which targeting 20 million tourist in 2019. We have to improve accesibility and facility to support tourist movement all over Indonesia. To protect Bali, we have to set Bali not only as an entry point but as exit point, make the journey more meaningful. Closed by happy ending in Bali. Five models is offered to spread out tourist surrounding Indonesia. Those models are possible to develop because it's suitable with national policy to accelerate tourism growing in Indonesia in a sustainable way. Cross province activity can give more benefit by creating alternative tourism and the tourists will get more choice to visit. Utilization of four technical unit assistant under Ministry of Tourism will bring more benefit to accelerate the program.

Tourist’s Perceived Risk and Image of the Destinations Prone to Natural Disasters: The Case of Bali and Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Tourism has emerged as one of the largest and most rapidly growing economic sectors in the world. Nevertheless, many tourist destinations have been periodically confronted by natural disasters that threaten their survival as an industry by negatively impacting their image and safety perception. This research assessed tourists’ perception of the risk and images of a destination that is considered prone to natural disasters, by surveying 537 tourists in Yogyakarta and Bali. This study contributes to the debate on tourism development issues related to negative perceptions and images that have discouraged prospective tourists from visiting affected destinations. The results of the survey indicated that the occurrence of past disasters did not strongly influence tourists’ decision to visit Indonesia. Instead, the creation of the destination image was informed more by its current situation, and it is these current factors that may encourage or discourage potential tourists. These findings should signal to tourism planners that while environmental disasters are unavoidable, post-disaster rehabilitation of a destination’s image would significantly increase its chances of rebounding quickly.

Tourist’s Perceived Risk and Image of the Destinations Prone to Natural Disasters: The Case of Bali and Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Tourism has emerged as one of the largest and most rapidly growing economic sectors in the world. Nevertheless, many tourist destinations have been periodically confronted by natural disasters that threaten their survival as an industry by negatively impacting their image and safety perception. This research assessed tourists’ perception of the risk and images of a destination that is considered prone to natural disasters, by surveying 537 tourists in Yogyakarta and Bali. This study contributes to the debate on tourism development issues related to negative perceptions and images that have discouraged prospective tourists from visiting affected destinations. The results of the survey indicated that the occurrence of past disasters did not strongly influence tourists’ decision to visit Indonesia. Instead, the creation of the destination image was informed more by its current situation, and it is these current factors that may encourage or discourage potential tourists. These findings should signal to tourism planners that while environmental disasters are unavoidable, post-disaster rehabilitation of a destination’s image would significantly increase its chances of rebounding quickly.

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF LITHUANIA

The authors of the paper discuss the tourism development conditions in the municipalities of Lithuania. The scientific problem - tourism development trends have not been studied at the local, municipality level in Lithuania and tourism in districts developed without a clear and long-term development strategy and consistent implementation of the programme. The aim of the research is to explore tourism development conditions in the municipalities of Lithuania. Objectives of the research are to characterize the factors influencing the development of tourism; to perform an analysis of the main factors of tourism development in Lithuania; to define the major factors of tourism management in the municipalities of Lithuania. Tourism development issues were discussed; the results of the research (an analysis of scientific literature and questionnaire survey, an analysis of strategic documents) were performed. The factors, which influence tourism the most are the human and financial resources, tourism infrastructure, the variety of tourism services, the virtual environment, the image of a tourism destination/ awareness, management of the tourism destination, the quality of tourism services and events. Tourism development in the municipalities of Lithuania is influenced by such factors, as the development of the tourism planning and management system, an adequate competence of human resources, cooperation between the public and private sectors, planning and organization, the legal framework for tourism, tourism projects development and implementation, a tourism development strategy and research in the tourism development area.

Sustainable tourism development efforts by local governments in Poland

Sustainable development is increasingly becoming a priority issue in tourism development in the modern world. The basic goal is to educate local communities in the principles of this new approach. The purpose of the study was to diagnose programs produced by local governments in the area of sustainable tourism development, identify problem areas, and propose solutions. The study was based on surveys in paper form. Most local governments in Poland (62%) state that sustainable development is considered in their planning and implementation of tourism-related programs. More than three out of four local government officials state that the opinions of local residents are also considered in the process. At the same time, more than 60% of survey participants state that their local municipality does not facilitate the exchange of knowledge and experiences in the area of sustainable development via the organization of relevant conferences, meetings, and workshops. In addition, local government officials note the existence of conflicts associated with collaboration in the tourism sector, mostly manifested by differences of opinion in terms of environmental protection versus tourism development. However, research has shown that the number of conflicts is smaller when the quality (i.e. higher mark) of the collaboration is higher.

Sustainability Analysis of Tourism in India

In the recent past, understanding and practice of sustainability in tourism are becoming increasingly important to both academicians and tourism planners. In the last two decades, the attainment of sustainable development and the protection of touristic assets have been at the forefront of central policy issues in global tourism development. In addition to social and economic impact of tourism, overuse of natural resources and climate change are leading to the importance of drive for sustainable tourism development. Consequently, there is a growing research interest in investigating the performance of countries, especially in terms of environmental efficiency. In this article, the authors have empirically explored socio-economic efficiency of the top ten performing countries and India. Their basic content is summarised, along with the major findings. In this way, both measurement of countries' performance and the nonparametric approach of DEA have been given deserved attention. Tourism benchmarking and the assessment of tourism management performances are a crucial and challenging task in the direction of evaluating tourism sustainability and reshaping tourism activities. The proposed efficiency assessment procedure is based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a methodology for evaluating the relative efficiency when facing multiple input and output. Although the methodology is extremely versatile, for the sake of exemplification, in this article it is applied to the evaluation and comparison of sustainable tourism management of India.

INOVATYVI KAIMO TURIZMO SVEIKATINGUMO PLĖTRA KLAIPĖDOS REGIONE

Stebint ir nagrinėjant pastarojo dešimtmečio ES ir Lietuvos kaimiškoje erdvėje vykstančius netradicine žemės ūkio veikla užsiimančių subjektų ekonominius procesus, žymiausi pokyčiai pas-tebimi kaimo turizmo versle. Todėl pastaruoju metu vis daugiau dėmesio kreipiama moksliniams tyrimams, skirtiems atskleisti kaimo turizmo plėtros kryptis ir valdymo priemones. Straipsnio tiks-las – išanalizuoti Lietuvos inovatyvaus kaimo turizmo plėtros regioninę politiką, sveikatingumo plėtros galimybes ir numatyti plėtros įdiegimo valdymo priemones. Straipsnyje pateikta mokslinės, statistinės literatūros kaimo turizmo plėtros klausimais analizė. Tyrimo metu buvo taikomas pusiau standartizuotas interviu su Klaipėdos raj. turizmo tarybos vadovais ir specialistais. Pokalbiai nebuvo griežtai formalizuojami, todėl pokalbio atmosfera buvo laisva ir produktyvi. Išanalizuoti pasiūlymai Klaipėdos regiono turizmo plėtrai ir valdymui, išnagrinėtos sveikatingumo plėtros galimybių prie-monės ir trukdžiai bei numatyta inovacinė kaimo turizmo plėtros koncepcija regioninio turizmo tva-riai gerovei užtikrinti.

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF LITHUANIA AND LATVIA REGIONS

: The authors of this article discuss the tourism development conditions in the municipalities of the Eastern Aukštaitija region, in Lithuania, and the Latgale region, in Latvia. The aim of the research is to explore tourism development conditions in the municipalities of the Eastern Aukštaitija region, in Lithuania and Latgale region, in Latvia. Objectives of the research are to characterize the factors influencing the development of tourism, to perform an analysis of the main factors of tourism development of the Eastern Aukštaitija region in Lithuania and the Latgale region in Latvia, and to define the major factors of tourism management in the municipalities of the Eastern Aukštaitija region, and the Latgale region. The scientific problem - the tourism development trends have not been studied in a local, municipality level in Lithuania and Latvia and tourism in districts is developed without a clear and long-term development strategy and consistent implementation of the program. The authors of the article apply the analysis of scientific literature, quantitative research – a survey and questionnaire data generalization. Six tourism specialists in the eastern Aukštaitija region, and 30 tourism specialists in the Latgale region, were interviewed. Tourism development issues are discussed and the results of the research (analysis of scientific literature and the questionnaire, analysis of strategic documents) are performed. The conclusions of article are: factors which influence tourism in the Lithuanian and Latvian regions most are the image of tourism destination/awareness, quality of tourism services, management of tourism destination, variety of tourism services and tourism infrastructure. Second conclusion: tourism specialists identified management of tourism destination, image of tourism destination/ awareness, quality of tourism services in Lithuania region; cultural, natural and human resources and tourism services (travel organization, tourism information services, nutrition in the Latvian region, as tourism development strengths in municipalities of the Lithuanian and Latvian region; tourism diversity and tourist infrastructure in the Lithuanian region and tourism infrastructure and entertainments in Latvia region were identified as weaknesses. Third conclusion: tourism development in both regions is threatened by such factors as unplanned changes of the state economic development priorities, population migration to other countries and other factors. While, tourism development in the region can benefit from EU funds, and the growing demand for active recreation and health tourism products in the hospitality industry and etc. Tourism development at the municipalities of both regions in Lithuania and Latvia is influenced by such factors, as the development of the tourism planning and management system, adequate competence of human resources, cooperation between public and private sectors, planning and organization, legal tourism base, tourism projects development and implementation, tourism development strategy and research in the tourism development area.

Presiding Ora Coastal Ecotourism in Maluku, Indonesia

Resolving issues of tourism development needed to be supporting and resolved with the help of local government. Currently, the problem of regional tourism development did not base on the development of environment and ecosystem. National economic development is neither regional nor local. Nevertheless, the role of community involvement in tourism activities is necessary. In addition, it needed to develop of transportation infrastructure related to regional activities. Coastal ecotourism has proven to be the largest foreign exchange contributor to a region or country. For that reason, applying this concept, it could improve coastal tourism performance. In the long term, this tourism sector can defeat the mining, oil and gas sectors. Furthermore, the Ministry of Tourism states that Indonesia's tourism potential is prospective. This one-year quantitative and qualitative study conducted on the coast of Ora, Maluku, Indonesia. Randomly data obtained and distributed over questionnaires among stakeholders. The data has tabulated by using content analysis. The results of this study indicate that three of the six sub-concept’s attributes are the main priorities. The rest of the attributes show that there are some culinary, fishery, cultural and marine ism potentials. They can contribute economically to local communities and local governments.

Participación ciudadana y ordenamiento ecológico local: el caso del municipio de Nogales, Sonora

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el proceso de participación ciudadana y su incidencia en el ordenamiento ecológico del territorio municipal de Nogales, Sonora. Para ello, se examinan particularmente dos temas dentro del proceso de formulación del poet (Programa de Ordenamiento Ecológico del Territorio), la conformación del coel (Comité de Ordenamiento Ecológico Local) y la interacción de actores en dos talleres participativos en grupos de trabajo para los temas agropecuario, de desarrollo económico, turismo, conservación y desarrollo urbano. Los resultados indican que entre los actores participantes hay posturas claras y determinantes en torno al ordenamiento ecológico del territorio municipal; en especial en temas como agua, infraestructura de conectividad, cambios en el uso de suelo, expansión urbana, saqueo de especies y alteración de ecosistemas, además de haber influencia del aspecto fronterizo para la gestión pública ambiental local. Los ejercicios de involucramiento ciudadano en materia ambiental son pertinentes, ya que se ha podido demostrar que la ciudadanía convocada puede seguir avanzando en la tarea de construir nuevas formas de participar en el campo ambiental y de aportar en el ámbito del ordenamiento ecológico del territorio.

Discourse and Power Relations in Community Tourism

Adopting a mixed method of ethnographic fieldwork approach and critical discourse analysis, we explored the implicit power relations between a private company and local residents in Chongdu Valley, China. Three themes—destination image, development outcomes, and institutions and regulations—were identified within the discourses of the two groups and then examined for their intertextuality and congruence/incongruence. The findings suggested that in spite of congruence on destination image and overall development outcomes, the two groups held conflicting values, theories, and attitudes, and thus divergent discourses toward a range of tourism development issues. We concluded with a series of suggestions on how the power structure of Chongdu Valley should be changed to mitigate the relationship between the community and the private company, and comments regarding the effectiveness of discourse analysis as a research tool in uncovering implicit power relations at the community level.

Reducing economic leakages from tourism: A value chain assessment of the tourism industry in Kasane, Botswana

ABSTRACTRetaining revenue generated by tourism within a local economy is an important issue in tourism development, especially in developing countries where tourism is used as a tool for development. This research aims to quantify the value and proportion of tourism expenditure retained in this destination in order to inform national-level decision-making. It applies a value chain analysis (VCA) approach through semi-structured questionnaires with 117 stakeholders in Kasane, Botswana. The VCA demonstrates that the total gross revenue generation of the tourism industry within Kasane was USD 39.5 million in 2014. Excursions and transport generated nearly half of this revenue (USD 19.2 million; 49%), followed by accommodation and food and beverages, at around USD 10 million each (26%). Of the gross revenue accrued, USD 14.5 million (37%) remained in the local economy (defined by the Botswana Tourism Organisation as a 50 km radius surrounding Kasane) in the form of local goods (production) and services (wages). Recommendations for interventions that could enhance the local retention of revenue from tourism in Kasane are presented.