Issues Of Cooperation Research Articles

Calculation of livestock products cost in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The goal is to develop recommendations on the optimal system for the formation of cost of production, since calculation methods currently existing at the enterprises of meat and dairy industry do not allow for a sufficiently accurate determination of the actual cost of individual types of products of a large assortment, which makes it difficult to assess its economic feasibility. In this regard, the tasks are set improving production cost management system and development in practice of new non-traditional mechanisms for obtaining information about the costs and results of production activities. Results – it is shown that one of the backbone sectors of economy is agriculture. Regardless of soil and climatic conditions, even developed industrial countries are investing heavily in the development of domestic agricultural sector. It is noted that the important aspect of the activity of agricultural entity is income generation and business activities. In this context, the application of new approaches to the methods of accounting, analysis and cost control will make it possible to manage production cost and solve the problems of effective functioning of meat and dairy production enterprises. The article discusses methods of calculation in meat and fat industry, issues of anchor cooperation with the involvement of investors. Conclusions – in production of meat and dairy products, a reasonable calculation of products costs plays a special role, which is important when checking the costs associated directly with its sale and provides an opportunity to expand access for all segments of the population.

The Value of Collaboration between Psychiatrists and Exorcist Priests

The article presents the issues of cooperation between psychiatrists and exorcist priests, taking into account the psychiatrist, exorcist priest, patient, and the unusual disease of possession, paying particular attention to when and why the cooperation is essential. And it is necessary mainly in difficult cases of possession. Possession does not only exist as another mental illness; possession is a parapsychological disease, an unusual disease in which supernatural phenomena occur, and is therefore more than a patient’s conviction that he or she will be subjected to demons. Possession is the real seizure of the possessed body by an evil spirit. Possession needs a specific diagnosis and treatment, by a unique specialist, which is an exorcist priest. For the work of exorcist priests, it is very important the cooperation with psychiatrists, who recognize and treat cases of pseudo-possessions and mental illnesses that may coexist with possessions. The article also points out when psychiatrists should refer patients to an exorcist priest. The golden rule turns out to be to give the psychiatrist what belongs to psychiatrists, and to the exorcist priest what belongs to exorcists.

Experience Of Combating The Shadow Economy In Ensuring Economic Security In The Eu Countries

The scientific article is devoted to the experience of the EU member states in the fight against the shadow economy. The article presents a detailed analysis of the regulatory legal acts adopted by the EU member states in the field of combating the shadow economy, political decisions, cooperation issues, the shadow economy and anti-corruption practices. The article also provides a systematic analysis of scientific approaches, such as expert assessments on the experience of EU member states in the fight against the shadow economy, the role of countries in the global ranking of the shadow economy.

Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat Masa Pemerintahan Hassan Rouhani (Telaah Perjanjian JCPOA)

Relations between Iran and the United States show fluctuating dynamics. The historical relationship and cooperation between the two countries represents how the process works. In fact, during the reign of Shah Reza Pahlavi, Iran-US relations looked good and established important cooperation in several sectors. The political constellation of Iran that continues to intertwine makes the US also respond and issue various policies, including the issue of the nuclear development program. The program during the reign of Hassan Rouhani was also one of the priority policies. Until, the JCPOA agreement was formed between Iran and the P5+1 group countries (US, UK, France, Russia, China, and Germany). However, in 2015, the US tried to get out of the agreement because the contents of the agreement did not match the views of US domestic policy. Political constellations and the process of nuclear development are important discourses in viewing the relationship that is being built between Iran and the US. This article seeks to examine the dynamics of relations and cooperation between Iran and the US during the reign of Hassan Rouhani, the reasons for the US leaving the JCPOA agreement, and the background of Iran continuing its nuclear development. The data collection method that the researcher uses is by collecting various references, both from books, journals, newspapers, online media, and other literature related to the issue of relations and cooperation between Iran and the US during the Hassan Rouhani administration and topics surrounding the cause of the US leaving the JCPOA agreement.

Міжнародний ринок туристичних послуг: стан та тенденції інноваційного розвитку в умовах глобальних обмежень

The article analyzes the development trends of the tourism industry in the context of globalization, widely available information, political and economic instability. The characteristics of the international market of tourism services are considered. The significance and functions of international tourism are presented. The issues of international cooperation in the field of tourism are also analyzed. Factors of the international market development of tourism services are allocated. The factors that will determine the geography of tourist flows and destinations in the coming years are listed, and trends should be taken into account for creating and improving any strategy for tourist destinations development.

The issues of cooperation between Siberian regions within the Yenisey Siberia comprehensive investment project framework

Subject. This article explores uncertainties in economic development and regional differentiation in terms of development. Objectives. The article aims to study the issues of cooperation between the Siberian regions as part of a comprehensive project. Methods. For the study, I used a statistical analysis. Conclusions. Consolidating inter-regional cooperation strengthens systemic and economic ties, boosts investment and quality infrastructure development. Cooperation also plays a key role in the system and spatial placement of productive forces.

Ювенальная юстиция как гарантия предупреждения преступности несовершеннолетних

The article deals with the issues of international legal cooperation in the sphere of juvenile justice as a guarantee of juvenile delinquency prevention. It is stated that one of the most important rights of children in the sphere of juvenile crime prevention is the right of children for protection from crime and its harmful consequences. The world community and individual states need to prevent children’s contact with criminals, who have a particularly negative impact on children, given their special needs related to their age and development. Prevention of juvenile delinquency should be aimed at preventing the involvement of juveniles in criminal activities. Juvenile justice is the most effective way to prevent juvenile delinquency.

International cooperation in the investigation of sexual crimes against children

Family, childhood, motherhood, and fatherhood are protected by the state. Any violence against and exploitation of a child is punishable by law. Parents should take care of their child's health, physical, spiritual, and moral development. However, society is increasingly facing sexual violence against minors. Insufficient response to sexual violence against minors is due to the latency of this type of crime, lack of awareness of proper prevention entities with the peculiarities of sexual violence against children, improper functioning of the mechanism of interaction, and international cooperation. Given the above, it is urgent to pay attention to the study of international cooperation in the investigation of sexual crimes against minors. The work aims to conduct a study of international cooperation in the investigation of sexual crimes against children. The subject of the research is public relations that arise, change, and end in the process of international cooperation in the investigation of sexual crimes against minors. The methodology of the study are such methods as historical-legal and comparative-legal; formal-logical; empirical; cognitive; method of analogy; and program-target. The study analyzes the specifics of cooperation between different foreign countries in the investigation of sexual crimes against children and identifies issues of such cooperation. Theoretical principles of prevention of sexual violence against minors have also been developed and scientifically substantiated criminological recommendations have been formed, which are important for further improvement of international cooperation and implementation of effective tools of such cooperation. establishing cooperation between Ukraine and foreign countries on sexual crimes against children.

Some Aspects of International Cooperation in Environmental Issues in Nigeria

The paper discusses the issues of international cooperation on environmental issues in Nigeria: the role of international agreements in the field of environmental ecology; basic principles of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection; environmental education in Nigeria; principles of environmental project management; and a number of measures to reduce atmospheric pollution. The issues of coordination both between the state and between international organizations dealing with similar problems, as well as issues of mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of environmental ecology are considered in the research paper. The issues under consideration acquire particular relevance in connection with the discussion of the possibility of nuclear power plant building in Nigeria.

Omnichannel consignment supply chain cooperation: a comparative analysis of game-theoretical models

ABSTRACT This paper explores the cooperation issue in a consignment supply chain under an omnichannel business mode. Six game-theoretical decision models (including centralized, decentralized, and cooperative decision models) for a generic consignment supply chain are developed, analyzed, and compared under an omnichannel mode and pure online-/offline-channel modes. Using a representative electronic product case, the numerical and sensitivity analyses for all developed models are conducted and their results are compared and validated by current industry practices to derive managerial insights. It is found that the cooperation strategy always outperforms the equilibrium strategy regarding the operational performance under omnichannel, pure-online or pure-offline channel mode. The omnichannel mode with its powerful mutual fusion effects outperforms dramatically the pure channel modes regarding the operational performance. Furthermore, the best operational strategy for the consignment supply chain is identified as the cooperation strategy under omnichannel mode. The mutual fusion effect between online- and offline-channels can cultivate a tighter retailer–supplier partnership relationship, create faster inventory turns, reduce tied-up capitals, and deliver better financial outcomes for the consignment supply chain under omnichannel mode. This study has proposed a novel game-theoretical approach considering mutual fusion effects to explore the operational strategies and decisions in an omnichannel consignment supply chain and the findings derived from comparative analysis have provided an extended knowledge to the current omnichannel supply chain literature.

When the organization is a problem: an empirical study of social work with substance use problems in more or less NPM-influenced Swedish municipalities

ABSTRACT New Public Management (NPM) has added new aspects to the conflict between political-bureaucratic steering and professional autonomy in the search for a substance use treatment system (SUT) that is economic and characterized by high quality, accessibility, and professional discretion. This article analyses if and how organizational aspects of NPM imply additional challenges for professionals and SUT. The experiences of 29 social workers, in different positions in the services and administration of SUT, in six municipalities with different degrees of NPM and post-NPM, form the empirical data. Many quality problems were common across municipalities: frequent unevaluated reforms, lack of resources for SUT, and cooperation issues. Several problems were especially pronounced in statutory social work. NPM added challenges. Competition with private providers was viewed as initially (in the 1990s) having improved treatment, but the present market was regarded as creating quality problems without savings. Cooperation between providers was a special quality challenge in NPM municipalities, and NPM added to treatment continuity challenges. While accessibility for resourceful clients was linked to NPM models, treatment for less resourced users was obstructed by NPM. Workplace climate and trust issues were more problematic in the most NPM-permeated municipalities. Professional discretion was difficult to link to local NPM degree. Increased standardization and documentation were often accepted as improving quality. While a system based on competition ideology appeared destructive for treatment quality, post-NPM reforms with cooperation between needs-assessment, treatment, and economic support, conformed better with professionals’ perceptions of good treatment.

Преддоговорные основы «экспорта революции» в Восточной Азии и региональный политический порядок в зоне советского влияния: позитивный опыт и социалистическая идеология в Монголии. Год 1921. Часть 1

Introduction. In November of 1921 after the meeting between Mongolian officials and Vladimir Lenin, an Agreement on Friendly Relations between the two states was concluded. This significant act confirmed the mutual recognition of the only legitimate government by both counterparties, measures of prevention of unfriendly actions by third parties, exchange of plenipotentiary representatives and ambassadors, state border regulations and the most favorable nation treatment for citizens whilst visiting the counterparty and jurisdiction. It also provided the regulations for a number of trade matters, intercommunication issues, questions of personal property etc., however, in actuality this document touched upon a smaller realm of mutual relations that had already been established before the execution of the Agreement, having been formalized in other documents, such as letters and memorandums. These precontractual acts are of genuine interest not only due to their uncertain legal nature and consequences, but also because they cover a much wider range of collaboration and cooperation issues than the Agreement dated November 5, 1921. Goals. So, the paper attempts an interdisciplinary insight into the mentioned documents (addresses, diplomatic notes, letters, etc.) to have preceded the Agreement and formalized Soviet Russia’s foreign policy in the region and its presence in the territory of Outer Mongolia ― to determine the role and impact of the former. Materials and Methods. The study focuses on widely known materials contained in diverse published collections of documents from the Soviet era that were never viewed by most researchers as important tools to have guaranteed the national interests in the Far East. To facilitate a more comfortable perception of the investigated materials by different specialists, the paper was divided in two ― Part One to focus on research tools and its ideological essentials, and Part Two to emphasize certain instruments to have secured the ‘export of revolution’. Results. The article specifies four key lines of cooperation: 1) bilateral collaboration that includes ‘export of ideology’ and sufficient tools thereto, such as disassociation from former political regimes, support for anticolonial sentiments, securement of equal rights in foreign policy issues, cooperative struggle against the common ideological enemy ― world capitalism, ‘soft power’ in the form of educational projects; 2) security arrangements for Soviet territories and borders, including assistance to Mongolian comrades in their fight against the White Guard, allocation of the Red Army units within Mongolian territories until the complete eradication of the White threat, with the participation of military units from the Far Eastern Republic; 3) economic cooperation through mutual financial and economic support of industrial construction projects, resource development and social infrastructure initiatives, etc., 4) joint actions on the international stage pinnacled with the recognition of the Mongolian People’s Republic by China (1945) and the rest of the world community (1961). This shows that during the shaping of the political agenda towards Mongolia the then Soviet leaders did not view contractual aspects of the mechanism as fundamental, and attached no paramount importance to international agreements, which had been distinctive of the Russian Empire.

COVID-19 and International Security & Cooperation

It can be said that the emergence of the Covid 19 pandemic, and its rapid spread among all countries of the world, had greatly affected all aspects of the lives of countries within the framework of the international community, and among the aspects affected by the pandemic are aspects of international security and cooperation between the countries of the system Globalism. This is because the concept of security has changed to a very large degree under the influence of the repercussions of the Coronavirus, which has exposed international security and peace to new challenges and risks. Consistent with this, the images and levels of international cooperation to confront the Covid 19 pandemic have undergone a major change, which requires reviewing new formulations of international cooperation in terms of goals and means and crystallizing new forms of them. In general, this scientific research deals with, in addition to its scientific problem and hypothesis, the relationship between change on two levels, namely: the first, the Covid 19 pandemic, and the second, international security and cooperation, by relying on the descriptive-analytical approach, to stand on a comprehensive analytical vision that covers the contents of the research from Its many angles. And he has to deal with the research within its scientific structure, an introduction, and two main topics, the first of which discussed the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on international security, through two branches, the first of which dealt with the concept of international security in light of the repercussions of the Corona crisis, while the second focused on studying the Covid pandemic 19 as a source of threat to international security. As for the second topic, it was divided into three different branches, which included studying the issue of international cooperation to confront the Corona crisis by discussing the roles of the United Nations General Assembly and the UN Security Council, as well as the World Health Organization. While the research ended to a conclusion, a set of scientific conclusions and recommendations crystallized on it, to provide solutions to the existing research problem in logical and objective ways.

Международное сотрудничество «Группы двадцати» по предупреждению коррупции: диалектика развития

Objective: to study the issues of international cooperation of the Group of Twenty aimed at prevention of corruption under the global financial crisis, aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: in the course of the research, the author used general scientific techniques and methods of cognition based on the collection and processing of empirical data. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison. In addition, a number of English-language and Russian sources were processed with the content analysis method. Results: this paper shows the evolution, interrelationships, reference information, and overview of the past and present of the G20, as well as its relations with international organizations and other state and non-state actors. In the course of the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that today, in order to effectively counteract corruption manifestations, numerous international organizations are increasingly using their levers and mechanisms. A special role in activating many economic processes, and, accordingly, in combating corruption in the global economy, is assigned to the Group of Twenty - the G20. The author also convincingly proves that the reasonable and transparent use of preventive resources at the global level is extremely important at present. The implementation of the highest standards of integrity within the framework of the G20 activities will reduce the level of corruption.Scientific novelty: it is expressed in the modern analysis of the Group of Twenty role in counteracting corruption at the global level. It is also of methodological importance for the study of the role of international procedures necessary to assess the effectiveness of measures and compatible efforts to combat corruption.Practical significance: the possibility to use the study results in combating corruption. For the most part, they can be used in the preparation of various management decisions and policy documents aimed at combating corruption in the Russian Federation and the world.

SDG’s Quality Education Approach: Comparative Analysis of Natural Sciences Curriculum Guidelines between Taiwan and Colombia

In this comparative analysis, the cases of Taiwan and Colombia display two paths for designing a natural sciences curriculum related to quality education goals. Their differences are based on their central concepts, definitions of learning stages, delimitations of cross-subjects and cores of scientific knowledge, and alignment with international assessments. The core practices in Taiwanese curriculum guidelines are to develop inquiries, research, and experimentations to promote scientific literacy and citizenship. In contrast, the core Colombian practices construct explanations based on scientific ideas, gathering information, and using evidence. Between both countries, there is also a concordance over practices related to obtaining and communicating information. These results show the importance of curriculum policy factors such as epistemological definitions, diagnostics and representations of social expectations, alignment instruments, curriculum definitions, and design criteria of teaching processes. The differences between national curriculum policies are identified in a comparative strategy of contexts, medium-term processes to reform the national education systems or schooling features. Curriculum guidelines respond to their intellectual traditions, theoretical and pedagogical influences, and current requirements of policies. These criteria allow for the identification of cooperative issues in specific areas of science education between both countries, such as teacher education, technological and pedagogical knowledge, and curriculum alignment.

A deep reinforcement learning-based method applied for solving multi-agent defense and attack problems

Learning to cooperate among agents has always been an important research topic in artificial intelligence. Multi-agent defense and attack, one of the important issues in multi-agent cooperation, requires multiple agents in the environment to learn effective strategies to achieve their goals. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms have natural advantages dealing with continuous control problems especially under situations with dynamic interactions, and have provided new solutions for those long-studied multi-agent cooperation problems. In this paper, we start from deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm and then introduce multi-agent DDPG (MADDPG) to solve the multi-agent defense and attack problem under different situations. We reconstruct the considered environment, redefine the continuous state space, continuous action space, reward functions accordingly, and then apply deep reinforcement learning algorithms to obtain effective decision strategies. Several experiments considering different confrontation scenarios are conducted to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the DRL-based methods. Experimental results show that through learning the agents can make better decisions, and learning with MADDPG achieves superior performance than learning with other DRL-based models, which also explains the importance and necessity of mastering other agents’ information.

Vegetable growing of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of pandemic

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in most countries, after the adoption of emergency measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection, various economic measures have been implemented to support the population and stabilize the economy. Global changes are taking place in the world, which is associated with issues of cooperation, management activities using a wide range of methods, transformations in agro-industrial complex. To ensure food security of the country, the role of agricultural sector of the republic is increasing. The authors explored main directions of the effective development of vegetable growing in the southern region of the country. The issues of vegetable-growing subcomplex of agri-industrial complex have been identified. Based on the analysis, their assessment, as well as the potential of the industry's innovative activity are presented. There are great prospects for vegetable market, as the consumption of these products, which are rich in vitamins, minerals necessary for the organism, as well as a balanced diet, is increasing. The solution to the problems is in the transition to industrial technologies, the widespread dissemination of business ideas. The measures necessary to expand the scope of introduction of high-performance technologies in the vegetable sector are considered. The importance of public support for the growth of vegetable production is shown. The destabilizing factors of competitiveness of vegetable growing in Kazakhstan have been identified, proposals on improvement of the efficiency of this industry have been developed which are based on innovation. The authors state the need for innovative restructuring in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, public variety testing, and control over the use of pesticides. The level of provision of the population with vegetable products, and processing industry with raw materials are determined by the development and location of vegetable growing in the republic, as well as labor provision and transport accessibility of sales markets.

ПОНЯТИЕ И СУТЬ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА В БОРЬБЕ С ПРЕСТУПНОСТЬЮ

This scientific article provides a systematic analysis of the international legal foundations of cooperation in the fight against crime. In the article, the author tried to highlight the theoretical aspects of the issue of international cooperation of law enforcement agencies in the system of combating crime. It also analyzes the content and essence of the concepts of “international criminal group” and “international criminal community”, which are considered relevant today. The author’s comparative analysis on international conventions, declarations and legislation of foreign countries reflected the specifics of this article. Moreover, the relevance of the research topic is because the commission of such crimes is characterized by the use of modern technical means and high-tech facilities of air and land transport, a high transcontinental level of organization and real support of many, including illegal, financial sources. The predicted result of such activities was a significant increase in the number of serious crimes of a transnational nature. The lack of proper legal cooperation between states leads to the emergence and spread of dangerous practices when criminals, committing a crime in one state, illegally cross the borders of another in order to avoid the administration of justice and prosecution. The problem of disclosing, investigating and preventing such crimes within the framework of international cooperation in criminal matters is the most urgent today.

Portugal, the World Health Organisation and the Regional Office for Africa: From Founding Member to Outcast (1948–1966)

ABSTRACT This article discusses the emergence, organisation, interaction and evolution of regional bodies responsible for cooperation in health in sub-Saharan Africa from the late 1940s to the mid-1960s. Focusing on Portugal’s under-researched role in the CCTA and the WHO’s regional office (AFRO), it addresses the issue of health diplomacy and inter-regional cooperation during a period of significant political change on the African continent. Drawing from a great variety of published and archival sources, it provides an overview of the strategies pursued by Portugal and other colonial powers with regard to trans-national and regional cooperation in health, against the background of the complex interplay of regional interests and overlapping membership of CCTA and AFRO. It shows how the tensions between constructive international and regional engagement on the one hand and colonial sovereignty and legitimacy on the other played out and shifted over time in the African region. In addition, it discusses Portugal’s health diplomacy against the background of the membership of newly independent African countries of CCTA and AFRO, and its refusal to decolonise, eventually precipitated the country’s suspension from WHO-AFRO and all technical cooperation in 1966.

Tripartite game models in a dual-channel supply chain: competition and cooperation

This paper considers tripartite games in a dual-channel supply chain which involves a manufacturer, an offline retailer and an online retailer. Both competition and cooperation issues are analyzed. In the competition model, a Stackelberg game between the manufacturer and two retailers and a Bertrand game between two retailers occur simultaneously. It is shown that the channel which attracts more consumers’ purchase preference is charged a higher wholesale price and it meanwhile declares a higher sales price. In the presence of revenue sharing, cooperation issues between the three participants are studied and the change of the revenue of each participant is analyzed when partial cooperation exists. Further, the definition of the optimum two-player coalition is proposed. We demonstrate that the channel which attracts more preference of consumers is definitely in the optimum coalition. The structure of the two-player coalition is analyzed. Finally, under revenue sharing and cost apportionments, the change of each participant’s profit is examined.