Isolation Of Compounds Research Articles

Extraction, Isolation Of Chemical Compounds And Evaluation Of Wound Healing Activity Of Bombax Ceiba Plant

Herbal plants have a lot of benefits over conventional drugs, including the fact that they usually have less frequent side-effects and might be non-toxic if used for a long time. B. Ceiba is an enormous, stunning, and deciduous tree and native for Northern Australian origin. The present study was based on the extraction, isolation of chemical compounds and evaluation of wound healing activity of Bombax ceiba plant. The chemicals and instruments were obtained from the certified manufacturer and suppliers only. B. ceiba roots and flowers were collected and authenticated from a Botanist at MJPRU Bareilly. The extraction process was done by maceration process. Pharmacological (wound healing) potential was evaluated by wound contraction, re-epithelization, and histopathology. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetoacetate and methanol extracts of B. ceiba were examined for its phytoconstituents. Wistar rats weighing 130-210g were obtained from the Dept. of Pharmacy, MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly. The % yield was obtained as 59% for n-hexane, 62% for chloroform, 58% for ethyl acetoacetate and 65% for methanol. According to the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the methanolic B. ceiba extracts showed excellent phytoconstituents of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, etc. when compared with other solvents extracts. In results, all the groups of animals showed an excellent wound healing activity when compared with control group after 15th day of exposure with treatments. The B. ceiba N-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetoacetate, and methanol demonstrated rats showed the re-epithelization period of 11.20±0.62**, 12.17±1.30***, 9.3±1.23** and 10.4±1.12***, respectively. It is concluded that each of these has considerably exhibited wound healing potential. It suggests, to isolate the active constituent responsible for the activity.

Column Chromatography Fractionation and Antioxidant Activity of Passiflora foetida Leaves

Available synthetic antioxidants have been reported to have mutagenic and toxic effects. On the other hand, natural antioxidants show their superiority as they are not or less toxic. Passiflora foetida has the potential as an antioxidant, but the investigation of the antioxidant activity of the P. foetida chromatography column fraction has not been reported. This studied aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of the column chromatographic fractions of P. foetida leaves. An antioxidant assay using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The extraction was carried out by graded maceration, then fractionation using column chromatography. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH and FRAP methods. Thin Layer Chromatography analysis was performed to determine the chromatogram pattern. The EC50 using DPPH method from n-hexane extract: 129.035 µg/mL, ethyl acetate extract: 206.398 µg/mL, methanol extract: 97.453 µg/mL, while the EC50 using FRAP method from n-hexane extract: 67.851 µg/mL, ethyl acetate extract : 68.981 µg/mL, and methanol extract: 58.787 µg/mL. Column chromatography fractions have antioxidant activity, with FMetPF6 as the fraction with the best activity, with percent inhibition 41.85±1.96 at concentration 25 µg/mL (DPPH), and with percent antioxidant activity 26.03±0.84 at concentration 9 µg/mL (FRAP). Passiflora foetida leaves have great potential as an antioxidant; both the extract and its fractions have antioxidant activity. The FMetPF6 has the best activity compare to other extracts and fractions. Further analysis to determine the various compounds in FMetPF6 using LC-MS/MS will facilitate the active compound's isolation.

Phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Tridax procumbens (L.): A systematic and comprehensive review

BackgroundTridax procumbens L. (T. procumbens) belongs to the Asteraceae family, is an Ayurvedic herb of Asia with a history of traditional use. T. procumbens have been used from ancient times to treat wounds, skin diseases and to stop blood clotting in folk medicine. It possesses anticoagulant, antileishmanial, antioxidants, anticancer, immunomodulatory agent, insecticidal, anthelmintic cardiovascular, antiseptic, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties. PurposeThis review article aims to collate past and present updated information on traditional uses, morphology, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, miscellaneous activities, and relevant patents of this plant, thereby providing useful data for researchers and pharmaceutical, cosmetics-related industries. MethodsA review was collected from various platforms, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Google patents, PubMed, ACS, Tayler and Francis, Mendeley Desktop databases on traditional uses, morphology, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, and patents of T. procumbens. The literature search covers original research articles and reviews articles in peer review journals, published up to 2021 using relevant keywords. Chemical structures were drawn using Chem draw ultra 8.0. Total number of 101 references were used in the present review. ResultsThis review yielded 839 Papers. After the screening method, 101 papers were potentially discussed. Phytochemical investigation revealed more than 138 chemical compounds have been isolated or identified from T. procumbens plant, including 75 isolated and other identified compounds. This plant possesses a variety of chemical compounds including flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, and terpenoids as main secondary metabolites. Diverse pharmacological activities of T. procumbens have a wide range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. Toxicological knowledge is scarce at this time, and more research is needed on this plant. ConclusionsT. procumbens predominantly shows wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties traditionally. It is not further supported by the isolation of chemical compounds i.e. lack of bioassay-guided isolation strategies is observed. Several main active chemical compounds are present in the T. procumbens. The pharmacological effects of plant active secondary metabolites of this plant may help to defeat dangerous diseases such as diabetics, cancers, respiratory disorders like the current corona virus COVID -19 upsurge. The present treasury of traditional uses, chemical compounds, and pharmacological activities will be helpful in the future for researchers on T. procumbens in the search for new leads for drug discovery.

The Chemical Compounds of Flacourtia rukam Leaves and Their Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Activity

Flacourtia rukam is a plant popular among people to treat hypertension, especially the Musi Banyuasin of south Sumatera, Indonesia. Isolation and identification of chemical compounds from F. rukam leaves and evaluation of their effects on antihypertensive activity have been conducted. Isolation of chemical compounds using chromatographic methods and identification using spectroscopic methods were compared with the reported data. The drug’s effects on antihypertension were determined using the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory method. Two compounds were first reported and isolated from the leaves of F. rukam and identified as apigenin (1) and lupeol (2). These compounds were demonstrated to be effective in treating antihypertension with IC50 656.51 ± 1.55 µg/mL for apigenin and 15.12 ± 0.72 µg/mL for lupeol. It can be concluded that F. rukam leaves is a potential ACE inhibitor can be explored further as an effective antihypertensive agent.

Redox Behavior and Radical Scavenging Capacity of Hepatoprotective Nutraceutical Preparations

Background: Over-the-counter hepatoprotective nutraceuticals are highly commercialized preparations worldwide. However, their alleged antioxidant capacity and health benefits are still not fully understood. Objective: This work showcased the first investigation of the redox behavior of hepatoprotective nutraceuticals by spectrophotometric and electrochemical approaches. Methods: The samples were segregated into two groups, namely: A, B, and C based on isolated compounds (IC); and D, E and F based on standardized herbal extracts (SHE). Results: Results evidenced that IC showcase similar response and distinctions could be attributed to varying concentrations of choline. In SHE, the slopes showcased superimposition due to the presence of Peumus boldus. The electrochemical assays showcased that samples A and C exhibited a single anodic peak at Ep1a ≈ +0.7 V, which could be attributed to the oxidation of methionine; while samples D, E and F, showcased two anodic peaks at Ep1a ≈ +0.35V and Ep2a ≈ +0.7 V, suggesting the oxidation of phenolic and amine moieties respectively. Furthermore, the first two principal components explained 84.8% of all variance in the model, thereby suggesting statistical reproducibility. Conclusion: This work showcased the first investigation of the redox behavior of hepatoprotective nutraceuticals, thereby shedding light on their antioxidant capacity and physical-chemistry.

Lupanes and friedelanes, the first chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Maytenus erythroxylon Reissek

• First isolation of chemical compounds in Maytenus erythroxylon . • Five pentacyclic triterpenes were isolated, one of which is new to the Maytenus genus. • In computer screening, only one compound showed activity on Candida albicans . • One compound showed in vitro antimicrobial activity. The first phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Maytenus erythroxylon Reissek resulted in the isolation of five triterpenes, two with a lupane skeleton: 29-norlupan-3,20-dione (1) and 30-hydroxy-20 (29) -lupen-3-one (2) and three with friedelane skeleton: 3,4-secofriedelan-3-oic acid (3) , 3-oxo-30-hydroxyfriedelane (4) and 3β-Hydroxyfriedelane (5) , where the compound (1) is reported for the first time in the Maytenus genus. The structures were identified through the analysis of uni and two-dimensional NMR spectral data. The isolated phases and compounds were subjected to in silico and in vitro techniques to evaluate the microbiological potential against microorganisms that cause intestinal disorders, showing that only the compound (3) was able to inhibit Candida spp. strains.

Phytochemical screening and anthelmintic activity of leafand seed extract of Cassia occidentelis L.

In present study the ethanolic extracts of leaf and seed of Cassia occidentalis were investigated for their phytochemical properties and anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus controtus at different concentrations (100, 150, 200 mg/ml). Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, steroids and carbohydrates are present in both leaf and seeds crude extracts. The study is mainly concerned with the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. When there was a gradual increase in the dose, a gradual increase in the anthelmintic activity was observed. The least time for the death and paralysis was recorded at concentration of 50mg/mL and maximum time for death and paralysis was recorded at 10mg/mL concentration. The ethanolic extract of the leaf and seed showed a significant anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 50 mg/ml. So the C. occidentalis plant can be used as anthelmintic drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal helminthic infections after clinical trials, toxicological effects and isolation of chemical compounds.

Novel Anticancer and Treatment Sensitizing Compounds against Pancreatic Cancer.

Simple SummaryPancreatic cancer is a disease of unmet clinical needs. Considering the poor prognosis and high treatment resistance of this devastating disease, the search for the development, understanding and characterization of potential treatments and/or treatment sensitizers is of clinical importance. The synergy between natural remedies and state-of-the-art cancer treatments has been poorly considered despite evidence of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor capabilities. Moreover, natural chemical compounds have been the source of many approved drugs. This review collates novel and natural compounds explored for their preclinical anticancer, chemosensitizing and radiosensitizing effects for pancreatic cancer. Here, we highlight a number of natural sources in very early preclinical testing that may hold potential to enhance treatment sensitization, and in turn, reduce treatment resistance and toxicity via lowering treatment dose requirements.The isolation of chemical compounds from natural origins for medical application has played an important role in modern medicine with a range of novel treatments having emerged from various natural forms over the past decades. Natural compounds have been exploited for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor capabilities. Specifically, 60% of today’s anticancer drugs originate from natural sources. Moreover, the combination of synthetic and natural treatments has shown applications for (i) reduced side effects, (ii) treatment sensitization and (iii) reduction in treatment resistance. This review aims to collate novel and natural compounds that are being explored for their preclinical anticancer, chemosensitizing and radiosensitizing effects on Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is a lethal disease with current treatments being inefficient and causing serve side effects. Two key points are highlighted by this work: (i) the availability of a range of natural compounds for potentially new therapeutic approaches for PDAC, (ii) potential synergetic impact of natural compounds with advanced chemo- and radio-therapeutic modalities for PDAC.

Sedative and anesthetic potential of the essential oil and hydrolate from the fruit of Protium heptaphyllum and their isolated compounds in Colossoma macropomum juveniles

This study aimed to evaluate the sedative and anesthetic potential of the essential oil (PHEO) and hydrolate (PHH) from the fruit of Protium heptaphyllum and the isolated compounds (IC) of PHEO in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. Fish were placed in aquaria with different concentrations of PHEO, PHH or IC (sabinene, terpinen-04-ol, γ-terpinene and α-pinene) to evaluate sedative and anesthetic efficacy. In another experiment, fish were transported for 22 h with 10% anesthetic concentrations added to the water of transport. No similarities regarding the major compounds of PHEO and PHH were observed. No mortality was observed during the experiments, and PHH did not show any sedative or anesthetic effect. PHEO induced sedation at 250 mg L−1 and deep anesthesia at 500, 750 and 1000 mg L−1. The recovery time increased with increasing concentration of PHEO. There was a significant difference in the time to induce deep anesthesia between PHEO and IC. Water conductivity and mucous cell density were lower in the transport with 50 mg L−1 PHEO. Tambaqui transported with 50 mg L−1 PHEO and 11.6, 17.4, and 23.2 mg L−1 terpinen-04-ol presented lower net whole body K+ and Cl− effluxes. PHEO is an alternative as sedative and anesthetic for tambaqui juveniles, and the concentration of 500 mg L−1 was the best for deep anesthesia. The use of 50 mg L−1 PHEO was effective for the transport of this species because it reduced net K+ and Cl− effluxes and did not stimulate proliferation mucous cells.

Isolation of Chemical Compounds and Essential Oil from Agrimonia asiatica Juz. and Their Antimicrobial and Antiplasmodial Activities.

Agrimonia asiatica is a perennial plant with deep green color and covered with soft hairs and has a slightly aromatic odor. This genus Agrimonia has been used in traditional medicines of China, Greece, and European countries. It was mainly used as a haemostatic, a tonic for asthenia, and an astringent for diarrhea. Agrimony is part of the division Magnoliophyta; class is represented by order Rosales, family Rosaceae, of the genus Agrimonia. Family Rosaceae—or pink eels—is one of the largest families of flowering plants, including about 100 genera and 3000 species. Rosaceae is common in almost all areas of the globe where flowering plants can grow, but most of them are concentrated in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic extract of A. asiatica led to isolation of four flavonoid derivatives (kaempferol-3-glycoside, quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3-O-kaempherol 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucosopyranoside, and catechin) alongside of sucrose. All the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. We also studied the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial part of A. asiatica. The essential oil constituents from the aerial part of A. asiatica were obtained using a steam-distillation method in wild growing conditions in Kazakhstan. The essential oil extracted from the aerial part of the plant was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and its major components amounting to 100% were found to be β-selinene (36.370%), α-panasinsene (21.720%), hexadecanoic acid (7.839%), and 1,2-nonadiene (6.199%). Neither the extract nor the isolated compounds showed antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities.

DETERMINATION OF LUPEOL FROM MAKHAEN AT THAILAND AND TAIWAN BY HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the extraction and isolation of chemical compounds of Zanthoxylum limonella Alstonextracts which selected from Chiang Mai and Pa Yao province, Thailand and Taiwan.Method: There are 3 locations of medicinal plant, Z. limonella Alston was collected, two provinces of northern Thailand, Chiang Mai and Phayao,including the other country, Taiwan. All of extractions were carried out by methanol. In this experimental study, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) andhigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were measured.Results: The result was found that the best organic solvent for extraction is methanol. The suitable of extraction was methanol and toluene in the ratioof 9:1 when developed with TLC and gradient methanol and water when analyzed with HPLC. The potential bioactive compound from crude extractedwas lupeol. Crude extracted from leaf at Chiang Mai was highest lupeol as 5655.72 μg/mg extraction whereas crude extracted from leaf at Phayaoshowed this compound as 16, 98.81 μg/mg extraction. In addition, the crude extraction from root and bark of both areas showed the amount of lupeolless than leaf crude extracted. The further study will focus on antimicrobial activity and biological activity in the near future.Conclusion: The bioactive compound, lupeol was found in all part of Makhaen in Thailand but did not found in Taiwan seed.

Anti‑bacterial activity of the methanolic extract of leucas hyssopifolia (Benth.)

Context: Methanolic extract of Leucas hyssopifolia roots was investigated for its anti‑bacterial property. Aim: Evaluation of anti‑bacterial activity of Leucas hyssopifolia Benth. Settings and Design: Roots of the plant were collected, extracted and finally evaluated for their anti‑bacterial activity. Materials and Methods: Paper disc diffusion method and microdilution technique were employed for the determination of zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory concentration, respectively. Results: The extract showed anti‑bacterial activity against all the tested bacterial strains except Escherichia coli. Conclusions: Anti‑bacterial activity of extract of Leucas hyssopifolia roots may be due to the presence of secondary plant metabolites like terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids, which are present in the extract. The extract can be further studied for the isolation of chemical compounds and their biological activity. Key words: Anti‑bacterial activity, Leucas hyssopifolia, minimal inhibitory concentration, phytochemical screening

Evaluation of the copepod Tigriopus californicus as a bioassay organism for the detection of chemical feeding deterrents produced by marine phytoplankton

Marine phytoplankton have been shown to use chemical feeding deterrents to reduce or inhibit zooplankton grazing. In order to screen phytoplankton species for feeding deterrent production and to isolate and identify feeding deterrent compounds, a new, rapid, and reliable laboratory bioassay was developed. This bioassay used the laboratory-reared harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus and measured inhibition of feeding by measuring the fecal pellet production rate. The bioassay was capable of detecting deterrent compounds: (1) adsorbed onto ground fish food (a normally palatable food); (2) dissolved in a mixture of seawater and live Thalassiosira pseudonana cells (a species of diatom which had no feeding deterrent activity); and (3) present in live cell cultures. Method (2) was recommended for use in bioassay-guided fractionation (isolation of chemical compounds), as it was reliable, rapid, accurate, and easy to perform with large numbers of samples. The total bioassay time was < 48 h, and data collection required only a microscope. Methanolic cell extracts of several phytoplankton species were screened for feeding deterrent activity. Extracts from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax grindleyi gave feeding deterrent responses, while extracts from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana gave no feeding deterrent responses. Live P. tricornutum cells deterred feeding at densities of 6x105 cells ml-1. This bioassay should provide a valuable tool in screening phytoplankton for feeding deterrent compounds and determining the chemical nature of these compounds.

Octaisopropyloctasilsesquioxane, brominated octaisopropyloctasilsesquioxanes, and their reactions

Some reactions of octaisopropylpentacyclo(9,5,1,13,9,15,15,1 7,18)octasiloxane (octaisopropyl-T8) and its brominated derivatives have been investigated. The isolation of compounds (C8H6Br)n(C3H7)8-n(SiO1.5)8 (n = 1, 2, or 3) is reported. Dehydrobromination of α-brominated octaisopropyl-T8 compounds yields isopropenyl-T8 derivatives. Bromine addition to the latter occurs. The high resolution p.m.r. spectra of octaisopropyl-T8 derivatives are discussed.

α-PELTATIN, A NEW COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα-PELTATIN, A NEW COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUMJonathan L. HartwellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2918Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a515RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (151 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts