Isobutyl Ketone Solution Research Articles

Light stabilities of a near-infrared-absorbing phosphate ester copper complex and doped resins

The light stabilities of a near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing 2-ethylhexyl phosphate copper complex (EHPC) and resin plates of polymethacrylates containing EHPC were investigated. Light stability was assessed using the ISO 4892 weathering test and a xenon weather meter. EHPC showed high light stability in methyl isobutyl ketone solution. The plate of poly (2-ethylhexyl methacrylate) containing EHPC maintained almost constant transmittance even after irradiation for 1000 h. A resin plate containing poly (dicyclopentanyl methacrylate) as the polymer matrix had a glass transition temperature exceeding 100 °C, which further improved the light stability of the NIR absorption of the copper complex in a resin plate. We developed NIR-absorbing resins with excellent light resistance that are attractive for use as window materials.

Efficient Large-Scale Removal of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Layers by Using a Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Solution

In this study, we proposed a fast and effective technique to remove residual poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) after its use as a supporting layer for transferring graphene films on a large scale with high productivity. We utilized a methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) solution, which is commonly used to develop PMMA layers, for an e-beam lithography process. This was done because MIBK molecules tend to inflate the PMMA layer, weakening the link between PMMA and the graphene surface. Field-effect transistors were fabricated on the transferred graphene, with which we addressed the Dirac points and their carrier motilities. We observed that due to the reduced p-doping effects, the Dirac points were located closer to the zero-gate bias compared to those obtained using the acetone treatment. Finally, the average device mobility reached 5400 and 3900 cm2/Vs for holes and electrons, respectively. These values are more than five times the values obtained using the conventional acetone treatment.

Studies on the Preparation, Characterization and Corrosion Behaviour of Injection Molded 316L Steel Electrochemically Coated by Poly{trans[dichloro (4-vinylpyridine) ruthenium

The present work describes the studies on corrosion of powder injection molded 316L stainless steel potentiostatically coated by poly{trans[RuCl2(vpy)4]} where vpy (4- vinylpyridine) acts as ligand. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled to an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) characterized the coated electrodes. Anodic polarization tests were performed in 3% NaCl to estimate the anodic dissolution current density of the electrode coated by the polymeric material. In addition, the specimens were exposed to salt spray and acid rain simulated environment. The microestrutural analysis indicated that the films were approximately 58 μm thick. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were carried out in 0.1M HTBA/methyl isobutyl ketone solution. The results revealed a scan rate dependent wave corresponding to a Ru2+/Ru3+ redox reaction, thus confirming the presence of ruthenium as metallic center in the polymer backbone. Pitting corrosion was observed in coated specimens only after thirty days of exposure to salt spray and after two days of exposure to acid rain simulated environment.

Sorption studies of cesium on TiO 2–SiO 2 mixed gel spheres

TiO 2–SiO 2 mixed gel spheres used for the sorption studies of cesium were prepared via sol–gel method. The source solutions used for the process were prepared from different mixtures of 1 M TiCl 4 and 1 M Na 2SiO 3 solutions and converted into droplets in a gelation column. The suitable spheres for cesium adsorption were obtained using a methyl isobutyl ketone solution as the drop formation medium and ammonia as the gelling agent. The mixed oxide gels were identified and characterized by Analysis Adsorptive (N 2), DTA/TGA, FTIR and XRD analyses. The sorption behavior of Cs + cations on TiO 2–SiO 2 mixed gel spheres has been studied as a function of TiO 2 weight ratio, pH, time, cation concentration, temperature and competing ions. Sorption data have been interpreted in terms of Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich equations. Sorption of Cs + cations were found to be endothermic in nature with Δ H° (kJ/mol) of 5.06, and Δ S° (kJ/(mol K)) of 0.06. Negative Δ G° value obtained for Cs + cations indicates the spontaneity of its sorption on mixed oxide gel spheres.

Extraction and Flameless AAS Determination of Germanium in Lignite Fly Ash

Abstract The use of dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 methyl isobutyl ketone solution in extraction and flamelessatomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) determination of germanium in lignite fly ashes have been studied. Germanium is usually determined in lignites after the carbonaceous part of the sample has been burnt by a dry or wet ashing method. However, methods are described for direct determination of germanium. In the present paper a wet ashing method is reported for the determination of germanium in lignite fly ashes by flameless AAS after extraction into dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) solution. Solvent extraction is a known hydrometallurgical method that could be applied in germanium recovery.

Conformational transitions in polymethacrylates. Effect of the side chain

The temperature dependences of viscometric, refractometric and densitometric data have been studied for several polymethacrylates: poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(isobutyl methacrylate), poly(phenyl methacrylate) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) in methyl isobutyl ketone solution. It has been found that these polymers change their conformation over specific temperature ranges, as evidenced by sharp changes of the unperturbed dimensions (Kθ), refractive-index increment (dn/dc) and partial specific volume (v2). The influence of the side group, particularly its nature and size, on the phenomenon has also been studied.

Hygienic Chemical Studies on Environmental Pollution by Harmful Substances. VI. Determination of Chromium by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after Extraction with Trioctylamine-Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Solution

Chromium in water or soil was oxidized to a sexivalent state with potassium permanganate and extracted from the acidic aqueous solution with methyl isobutyl ketone containing trioctylamine, and then determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with air-acetylene flame. Extraction fficiency was about 100% by single extraction. This method was not interfered even in the presence of a large quantity of many other metals such as iron, nickel, copper, aluminium, zinc, lead, and manganese.

Determination of microamounts of lead in copper, nickel and aluminium metals and in copper-base alloys by solvent extraction and atomic absorption spectrometry

A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of microamounts of lead in copper, nickel and aluminium metals, and copper-base alloys. Optimal conditions have been established for the extraction and determination of lead. Lead is extracted with a methyl isobutyl ketone solution of methylbenzyllauryloctylammonium bromide and determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. As little as 0.5 p.p.m. of lead in copper, nickel and aluminium metals, and 5 p.p.m. of lead in copper-base alloys can be determined.

Determination of Waxes Contained in Asphalts Using Silica Gel Chromatography

A method for determination of waxes contained in asphalts using silica gel chromatography which had been developed by Schwartz has been studied. The chromatographic method utilized Davison grade 70 and grade 912 silica gel as the adsorbents, and cyclohexane as solvent, to separate saturates. The saturates were isolated from the asphalts which were mixed with known weight of paraffin wax or microcrystalline wax and from paving asphalts on the market, then the saturates were separated into wax and oil by conventional solvent dewaxing. The dewaxing operation was carried out by cooling to -20°C, a methyl isobutyl ketone solution containing the saturates. The procedure described showed good repeatability for determination and provided a comparatively rapid method of determining waxes contained in asphalts.

The Performance Characteristics of Pulsed Perforated Plate Columns

Liquid-liquid extractions of acetic acid from acetic acid-methyl isobutyl ketone solution by means of water were studied in a pulsed perforated-plate column. Holdup of dispersed ketone phase and transfer rate of acetic acid, from which (HTU) oe was calculated, were measured, and the performance characteristics of pulsed perforated-plate column based on the variation of holdup with the pulsed velocity was studied.Three operation regions are defined from plots of holdup versus pulsed velocity of various conditions. Holdupcurves are divided into three parts; the mixer-settler region where holdup decreases with increasing pulsed velocity; transition region where holdup increases slowly; emulsion region where holdup increases abrubtly.(HTU) oe decreases with increasing pulsed velocity in the mixer-settler and transition regions, and increases in the emulsion region. Therefore, the minimum value of (HTU) oe is obtained at the boundary point between the transition and emulsion regions.The amf value at the two boundary points, holdup in the three operation regions and (HTU) oe in the two operation regions were correlated as experimental equations.

New Silicone Alloy for Durable Water Repellency on Cotton

A new silicone alloy made by the simultaneous polymerization of tetravinyl silane and methyl hydrogen siloxane using benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst and methyl isobutyl ketone as a solvent is an excellent water repellent for cotton fabrics as measured by AATCC spray ratings. The treatment is very resistant to soap and detergent action. The alloy may be applied from organic solvents or aqueous emulsions. Greater permanence to laundering was obtained by the solvent method. Best results were obtained by first depositing ZrO2 in the fabric by double decomposition using a zirconium salt and sodium hydroxide, then padding with either a methyl isobutyl ketone solution or an aqueous emulsion of the alloy and curing for 5 min. at 145° C. A satisfactory one-step process was also developed by incorporating zirconyl acetate or zirconium butoxicle as catalysts in the treating solution or emulsion. Creaseproofing resins may also be incorporated in the formulation.