Indian Islands Research Articles

The Dog Bay Line: a major Silurian tectonic boundary in northeast Newfoundland

The Dog Bay Line separates different Silurian rock groups in northeast Newfoundland. West of the line, terrestrial volcanic rocks and sandstones (Botwood Group) overlie marine greywackes and conglomerates (Badger Group). East of the line, red sandstones overlie shallow marine shales and limestones (Indian Islands Group). Throughout Dog Bay, the line is marked by a disrupted zone of dark grey to black shales, volcanic rocks, and gabbros. Pervasive dextral, transpressive ductile deformation followed by successively more brittle extension with renewed dextral movements mark the northwest side of the line on the coast.The Dog Bay Line is traceable for 100 km and it is open-ended. Dextral offset is deduced to be many tens of kilometres. The line trends northeast, parallel to outcrop belts, and both the line and outcrop belts are curved eastward at the coast. The Mount Peyton Batholith, dated at 420 ± 8 Ma, apparently cuts the line.The Dog Bay Line occurs within the Dunnage Zone whose Cambrian–Ordovician rocks represent vestiges of the Iapetus Ocean. Northwest of the line, the Silurian rocks were deposited on Ordovician rocks already accreted to Laurentia. Southeast of the line, the Silurian rocks were deposited on Ordovician rocks already amalgamated with the continental Gander Zone. Timing of major movement and a Silurian marine to terrestrial depositional change recorded on both sides of the line agree within error with isotopic ages for the onset of plutonism, regional deformation, and metamorphism in central Newfoundland. The Dog Bay Line may mark the terminal Iapetus Ocean.

Status of the West Indian snakeChironius vincenti

The snake Chironius vincenti (Colubridae) is endemic to the West Indian island of St Vincent, and for many years herpetologists considered the species to be extinct. Recent field work has indicated that it still survives but that it is restricted to primary and secondary rain forest (at elevations between 275 and 600 m) primarily on the leeward side of the island and that it probably occurs at low population densities. The range of C. vincenti appears to overlap widely with that of the endangered St Vincent parrot (Amazona guildingii) and the snake will gain significant, direct benefits front the protection afforded the parrot.

Foraging ecology in the lizard Anolis oculatus (Iguanidae) from Dominica, West Indies

In general, populations of Anolis lizards on West Indian islands face few predators, are at high density and are thought to be limited by food. This paper describes how the foraging ecology of Anolis oculatus, a solitary species confined to the island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles, varies with habitat and season in relation to the quantity and quality of available food.Availability of invertebrate food (determined using pitfall traps and sticky traps) was greater in a dry scrub woodland site, Cabrits National Park (CNP), compared with a montane rainforest site, Palmiste Ridge. In the former, there were general increases in abundance, volumes of softbodied prey and sizes of invertebrates from dry season to wet season. Concomitant dietary changes, as determined principally by stomach flushing, included an increase (by volume) in the proportion of soft‐bodied prey. Dietary analyses confirmed the importance of ants (Formicidae) in the diet of A. oculatus, although for large individuals (mainly adult males) at the rainforest site, soft‐bodied prey such as Oligochaeta and Orthoptera were, in volumetric terms, more important. Prey capture observations showed that large A. oculatus fed mainly above ground. Anolis oculatus at the montane rainforest site used higher perch heights than those in dry scrub woodland, although in both habitats, small individuals (mainly juveniles) fed mainly at ground level on ants. In the dry season in CNP, the diet (in volumetric terms) of smaller Anolis was dominated by hardbodied prey such as ants, springtails (Collembola), barklice (Psocoptera) and beetles (Coleoptera). large Anolis used springtails and barklice to a lesser extent, resulting in relatively low food niche overlap values between size classes and a reduced potential for intraspecific competition compared with the wet season.

Cholera and plague in India: the bacteriophage inquiry of 1927-1936.

!HE Bacteriophage Inquiry was the name given to a project, cooperatively organized by the government of British India, The Indian Research Fund Association, several hospitals in India, and several medical research institutes in India. The purpose of the project was to evaluate bacteriophage as treatment, and, to some extent, as prophylaxis, for cholera. The story of this project illuminates several interesting questions: How were medical and public health decisions made and implemented in colonial India? How was laboratory research translated into clinical application? And, how was a new therapy evaluated? This account follows these three themes in parallel and interrelated fashion. It starts with an account describing a convoluted trail of communications between scientists, diplomats, and public health authorities and shows how, in this case, a few committed individuals were able to carry out their plans in spite of bureaucratic misgivings and the rather unsettled political conditions in India. The application of phage therapy and prophylaxis both in the hospital setting and in the field trials seem to have been possible because of the confidence inspired by the main proponent of these trials rather than by much experimental support for his program. Yet, after nearly ten years of study, the role of bacteriophages in the treatment and prevention of cholera was still debated. The account of the trials of phage therapy and prophylaxis shows the difficulties faced in complex field trials, the shifting standards by which success was judged, and the part played by alternate and possibly competing approaches to prevention. It might be said that this story starts in 1921 on the fictional West Indian island of St. Hubert, when Dr. Martin Arrowsmith triumphantly pre

Biological Control of Insect Pests of Crucifers in Selected West Indian Islands

In the Caribbean, cole crops are attacked by many insects and other pests, most of which are controlled by insecticides. This paper provides data on the potentials for biological control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, Armyworms, Spodoptera spp., Cabbage white butterfly, Ascia monuste monuste, Cabbage budworm, Hellula phidilealis, and Cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae.

West Indian gender relations, family planning programs and fertility decline.

Nearly all West Indian islands initiated marked fertility declines sometime between 1960 and 1970. Family planning programs have not played an important role in these declines. Neither have other variables that conventional social theory tells us should promote reduced family sizes, like education and rising standards of living. The historical experience of Barbados and Antigua, which reached replacement-level fertility in the 1980s, suggests that West Indian fertility declines reflect structural changes in national economies that created job opportunities for women. Family planning programs need to be evaluated with reference to the distinctive health and human rights goals other than fertility transition that they can effectively reach.

The chemical composition and nutritional potential of the tribal pulse, Abrus precatorius L.

The boiled seeds of Abrus precatorius L. are eaten by the residents of the Andaman Islands in India. The seeds were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) protein, seed protein fractions, amino acid profile of seed proteins, minerals and certain antinutritional factors. The seed proteins are rich in most of the essential amino acids, and they are deficient only in cystine and threonine, when compared to the WHO/FAO requirement pattern. The antinutritional factors (total free phenols, tannins, trypsin inhibitor activity and haemagglutinating activity) were also investigated.

Microbial load in poultry feed and detection of aflatoxin B1using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Feed samples collected from different poultry farms and feed mills situated in Andaman and Nicobar islands in India were assessed for microflora and aflatoxin B 1 contamination. The bacterial counts ranged from 1.0 times 10 7 to 8.8 times 10 7 cfu/g of the feeds, while counts of fungi ranged from 1.0 times 10 3 to 8.7 times 10 3 cfu/g. The mycoflora comprised mainly of Aspergillus spp., A. flavus being most dominant. Aflatoxin B 1 was detected by monoclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique and the content in different feed samples ranged from 5.5 to 90 ng/g.

STDs: To Clap, Add Leak, Coolant, and Bore

To the Editor. —Fleisher et al 1 recently pointed out that a generic question inadequately assesses a prior history of STDs because people may not recognize that a specific disease is sexually transmitted. The communication issue they identify may be more complex in specific cultures or subcultures. People may apply alternative, ethnomedical labels to diseases they don't recognize as sexually transmitted but which biomedicine does. They also may apply ethnomedical labels to STDs without recognizing equivalence between ethnomedical and biomedical labels. For example, research undertaken during 1989 through 1991 revealed that people on the West Indian islands of Barbados and St Lucia use a variety of labels for illnesses that biomedical practice recognizes as STDs. Some are identical to biomedical labels, like syphilis, herpes, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. Other labels, like clap, leak, coolant, and bore, apply to symptoms commonly produced by STDs. Some people comment that labels like clap

The History of the Discovery of the New Indian Islands of the Canaries

The History of the Discovery of the New Indian Islands of the Canaries

Martinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island. By Clarissa Therese Kimber. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1988.) xx + 480 pp. Illustrations, tables, notes, bibliography, index. Cloth, $74.50

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsMartinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island. By Clarissa Therese Kimber. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1988.) xx + 480 pp. Illustrations, tables, notes, bibliography, index. Cloth, $74.50Richard P. TuckerRichard P. Tucker Oakland University and University of Michigan Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 15, Number 2Summer 1991Special Issue: The Moral Sense of Nature Published for the American Society for Environmental History and the Forest History Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/3984984 Journal History This article was published in the Environmental History Review (1990-1995), which is continued by Environmental History (1996-present). © 1991 American Society for Environmental History. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Reviews/Comptes Rendus

Book reviewed in this article:GOOD CRITICISM: GUEST EDITORIAL, Michael J. DearMartinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island, by CLARISSA KIMBEREssays on the Historical Geography of the Canadian West: Regional Perspectives on the Settlement Process edited by L.A. ROSENVALL and S.M. EVANSBrandon: Geographical Perspectives on the Wheat City edited by JOHN WELSTED, JOHN EVERITT and CHRISTOPH STADELElementary Statistics for Geographers by GERALD M. BARBERThe Global Economic System by IAIN WALLACE

Martinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island. By Clarissa Thérèse Kimber The West Indies: Patterns of Development, Culture, and Environmental Change Since 1492. By David Watts

<i>Martinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island.</i> By Clarissa Thérèse Kimber <i>The West Indies: Patterns of Development, Culture, and Environmental Change Since 1492.</i> By David Watts

Martinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island

Martinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island

A new family of harpacticoid copepods and an analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the Laophontoidea T. Scott

A new family Cristacoxidae is proposed to accommodate the monotypic genera Cristacoxa gen. nov., Noodtorthopsyllus Lang (ex Canthocamptidae) and Cubanocleta Petkovski (ex Laophontidae). Cristacoxa petkovskii gen. et spec. nov. is described on the basis of a single male collected from coralline sand of Bonaire, West Indies. N. psammophilus Noodt and C. noodti Petkovski are redescribed and refigured on the basis of new material from the Galápagos (Isla Santa Cruz), the West Indian Islands (Curaçao, Klein Curaçao, Bonaire) and the Canary Islands (El Hierro, Tenerife). The new family is characterised by the presence of an outer spinous process on the first antennular segment, the absence of the antennary exopod, the uniramous mandibular palp, the presence of conspicuous cristae on the precoxa and coxa of leg 1 and the elongation of the apical exopodal spines of P2 to P4. The Cristacoxidae are unique in having an equal number of setae/spines onthe P5 in both sexes. Examination of the ontogeny of this leg in males and females of Orthopsyllus spec. gives strong evidence that the cristacoxid P5 has undergone neotenous evolution. Males of Cristacoxidae are readily recognisable by their extremely long spermatophores. The new family is allocated to the superfamily Laophontoidea T. Scott, together with the Laophontidae T. Scott, the Laophontopsidae Huys &amp; Willems, the Orthopsyllidae Huys and the Adenopleurellidae Huys. A phylogenetic analysis of the relationships within the superfamily is presented, and as a result Por’s (1986) concept of the Laophontoidea is refuted. Instead, it is concluded that the superfamily can be defined on the basis of the following apomorphies: (1) antennules with outer spinous process on segment 2; (2) antenna with allobasis bearing 1 seta; (3) antennary exopod quadrisetose; (4) P1 exopod without inner seta on exp-2 and 4 setae/spines on exp-3; (5) P1 endopod 2-segmented with elongated enp-1 and 2 elements on enp-2; (6) P2—P4 with 2-segmented endopods; exp-1 without inner seta; (7) sexual dimorphism of P3 endopod; (8) P6 bisetose with one member fused to somite. There is no close relationship neither with the Normanellidae Lang, nor with the Ancorabolidae T. Scott. The Laophontidae are considered the first offshoot in the evolution of the Laophontoidea because of the retention of the 8-segmented antennule in both sexes and the ancestral seta formulae on P2–P4. The other families can be assigned to two clades: the Adenopleurellidaeand the Laophontopsidae-Cristacoxidae- Orthopsyllidae-grouping. The Laophontopsidae and the Cristacoxidae are sister groups because of the shared sexual dimorphism of the P3 endopod (advanced type), and the fusion of antennular segments distal to the geniculation in the male. Emphasis is placed on the postembryonic development in the Laophontoidea of the male P3 endopod and P6 and on their homologies in the female. A reconstruction of the hypothetical ancestor of the Laophontoideais presented.

Reviews: Review Essay: Ethics, Economics, and the Environment on Ethics and Economics, the Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law and the Environment, Urban and Regional Planning Series, Volume 37. Planning under Pressure: The Strategic Choice Approach, Ethos, Economics and the State, State of the World 1988: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress toward a Sustainable Society, Community Architecture: How People

Reviews: Review Essay: Ethics, Economics, and the Environment on Ethics and Economics, the Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law and the Environment, Urban and Regional Planning Series, Volume 37. Planning under Pressure: The Strategic Choice Approach, Ethos, Economics and the State, State of the World 1988: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress toward a Sustainable Society, Community Architecture: How People

Curved vein fibres: an alternative explanation

Veins occurring at the edge of the dextral Indian Islands Fault (Newfoundland) are folded in response to a fault-parallel, ductile shear. The veins, which locally constitute a penetrative fabric element at outcrop scale, are composed mainly of calcite and have a narrow rim of quartz and chlorite. Both the calcite and quartz are generally fibrous and lattice distortion in the calcite is not commensurate with the observed degree of fibre curvature. This observation supports the popular view that curved fibres grow curved as they track the vein opening vector. It is demonstrated, however, that the curvature in the material described here is due to deformation and that the lack of strong lattice distortion is due, in part, to polygonization and to recrystallization. All observations are consistent with both the calcite and the quartz fibres having grown perpendicular to the vein walls. The chlorite orientation is controlled by the orientation of mica grains in the country rock. In some veins, markers make it possible to define the net opening direction and, in all examples, it is demonstrated that the direction has not been tracked by the fibres. Since this conclusion may be more generally applicable, caution should be exercised in interpreting kinematics on the basis of fibre geometry. Where vein density is high, the veins and country rock screens separating them form a multilayer sequence that is folded into fairly harmonic folds. The folds appear to have a cleavage transected relationship to the regional cleavage, but the cleavage is shown to predate the folds.

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article: We The People: An Atlas of America's Ethnic Diversity. James Paul Allen and Eugene James Turner America's Northern Heartland: An Economic and Historical Geography of the Upper Midwest. John R. Borchert The Metropolis Era—Vol. 1: A World of Great Cities; Vol. 2: Mega-Cities. Mattei Dogan and John D. Kasarda, eds. Ethnomedical Systems in Africa: Patterns of Traditional Medicine in Rural and Urban Kenya. Charles M. Good Martinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island. Clarissa Thérèse Kimber Catastrophic Flooding. L. Mayer and D. Nash, eds. The Geomorphology of Rock Coasts. Alan S. Trenhaile Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns. Rodney Vaughan Planning for Drought: Toward a Reduction of Societal Vulnerability. Donald A. Wilhite and William Easterling, eds.

Cape Malay Hypospadias/Mental Retardation Syndrome-Reply

In Reply .—We are grateful for Dr Hecht's gracious comments concerning our description of a new syndrome of hypospadias with mental retardation. The Cape Malay community is a socioreligious isolate estimated to number approximately 4000 individuals. The term Malay is a misnomer, as their origin is not the Malayan Archipelago. Their ancestors arrived at the Cape approximately three centuries ago from the Dutch East Indian islands of Sri Lanka and India. They are currently a small and endogamous community, distinguished by their adherence to the Muslim faith. Owing to limited population size, only two exceptional genetic disorders have been reported from this community. 1,2 They are also known to have a high incidence of diabetes mellitus, and the common genetic disorders are represented in their expected frequencies. With regard to the genetic nature of this new disorder, no further light was shed by extensive family analysis. There were no other

Perkinsiella saccharicida . [Distribution map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy [Hemiptera: Delphacidae] Sugarcane leafhopper / planthopper. Attacks sugarcane and occasionally maize, sedges and Paspalum and is a vector of Fiji disease. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, ASIA, China, Hongkong, India, Indonesia, Java, Malaysia, Malaya, Sarawak, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AUSTRALASIA, and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida, SOUTH AMERICA, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.