Islamic Environment Research Articles

Teacher’s Pedagogical Moves That Support Religion Children with Special Needs in Inclusion Classes

Religion is part of human rights. The books of ushul fiqh describe five basic principles in religion that must always be guarded, including maintaining religion. Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the national education system provides full guarantee for children with special needs to get quality education services. The purpose of this study was to describe teacher learning actions that support the religious development of students with special needs in the inclusive class.
 The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The data sources in this study were the principal, teachers, and the person in charge of the inclusive class. Data collection was carried out in the inclusion class. In general, this data collection is carried out in two stages, namely simultaneous observation and interviews, as well as sudden observation and interviews. Simultaneous observation and interviews were carried out in order to collect data until it really met the completeness of the description and which was the focus of the research, while sudden observation and interviews were carried out in order to complete the missing data and in the framework of triangulation. Furthermore, recording and documentation were also carried out to complement the research data. Data analysis activities in this study were carried out inductively. Inductive data analysis was performed to find inferences / final conclusions on the data collected little by little from the research location. In analyzing the research data, the researcher used a data analysis framework adapted from the interactive model developed by Miles and Huberman (1992), which consists of four stages, namely: (1) data collection stage, (2) data reduction, (3) ) data presentation, and (4) data verification and drawing final conclusions.
 The results showed that teacher learning actions that support the diversity of students with special needs at SD Al Iesyad 02 Cilacap are translated through the integration of religious development through thematic learning and Islamic Education subjects supported by an inclusive team incorporated in the Butterfly Learning Center. To support this program, the community academics creates situations that support the achievement of instructional learning objectives and the impact that accompanies them. Creation of bi'ah islamiyah (Islamic environment) in schools. A comfortable and attractive classroom arrangement, installation of evocative and religious posters.

Իսլամական աշխարհի աջակցությունն Ադրբեջանին 2020թ․ Արցախյան պատերազմի ընթացքում․ իսլամական համերաշխությունից մինչև ջիհադականություն

The purpose of the article is to study the degree of support of Azerbaijan by the Islamic world during the 2020 war in Nagorno-Karabakh, to identify the supporting parties, as well as religious and geopolitical motives, mechanisms of this support. The objectives of the article are to study issues related to the Islamic direction of Azerbaijan's foreign policy and the religious component of the Artsakh problem in the context of the Turkish-Azerbaijani policy, to identify the role of Turkey on the basis of the ideas of Islamic-Turkish solidarity, in order to create anti-Armenian sentiments in the international arena. The article was written on the basis of monitoring of the international press and materials on this topic, an extensive study of professional literature on various sides of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In the course of the study, the authors concluded that during the Artsakh war of 2020, the Turkish-Azerbaijani tandem used religious instruments to enlist the full support of the Islamic world. The ideas of Islamic, common Turkic solidarity, jihadism, as well as the potential of hired jihadists, Sunni-Shiite layers of the Islamic world were used. From the time between September-November 2020, in parallel with the large-scale hostilities in Artsakh, anti-Armenian agendas and moods based on the religious factor and obvious ideas of Islamic solidarity were advanced and strengthened in the Middle East, beyond its borders, and primarily in the Islamic environment, which were manifested in both political and public discourse of Turkey and Ankara, also in international media and social networks, as well as Muslim clergy and government officials. They were directed by Ankara, Baku and their allies using a wide range of information tools. Besides that, on Erdogan’s initiative and direct control, large number of mercenaries were thrust into the line of contact. The President of Turkey invested military, political, diplomatic, human, economic and propaganda resources in support/in favor of Azerbaijan. The Turkish-Azerbaijani tandem was not repulsive to inciting religious hatred by generating anti-Armenian sentiments, which became a security threat to Armenians living around the world. During the war, the Turkish-speaking Shiite Azeri elites of the Iranian Azerbaijan (Atropatene) province of Iran, broad public spectrum, high-ranking Muslim theologians around the world and some Muslim countries, such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, etc. became allies in the formation of anti-Armenian sentiments. The victory in the war strengthened Azerbaijan's position in the Islamic environment, where Baku had spent considerable resources to gain legitimacy and involvement. It can be stated that Azerbaijan, which has a predominantly Shiite identity, was mostly supported by the Sunni world, which has a direct connection with Ankara’s unconditional support to Baku.

Muslims and climate change: How Islam, Muslim organizations, and religious leaders influence climate change perceptions and mitigation activities

AbstractA growing body of research stresses the importance of religion in understanding and addressing climate change. However, so far, little is known about the relationship between Muslim communities and climate change. Globally, Muslims constitute the second largest faith group, and there is a strong concentration of Muslims in regions that are particularly affected by global warming. This review synthesizes existing research about climate change and Muslim communities. It addresses (a) Islamic environmentalism, (b) Muslim perceptions of climate change, and (c) mitigation strategies of Muslim communities. The analysis shows that there is no uniform interpretation of climate change among Muslims. Based on their interpretations of Islam, Muslims have generated different approaches to climate change. A small section of Muslim environmentalists engages in public campaigning to raise greater concern about climate change, seeks to reduce carbon emissions through sociotechnological transition efforts, and disseminates proenvironmental interpretations of Islam. However, it remains unclear to what extent these activities generate broader changes in the daily activities of Muslim communities and organizations. Contributions to this research field are often theoretical and stress theological and normative aspects of Islam. Empirical studies have particularly addressed Indonesia and the United Kingdom, whereas knowledge about Muslim climate activism in other world regions is fragmented. Against this backdrop, there is a need for comparative studies that consider regional and religious differences among Muslims and address the role of Muslim environmentalism in climate change mitigation and adaptation at the international, national, and local scales.This article is categorized under: Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge

The Book Revealing the Future in a Religion without Books: the Apocalyptic Visions of Yezidi Seers

Abstract This article studies the “book,” or defter, of Yezidi seers in Northern Iraq. Following an oral religion in an Islamic environment where only “people of the Book” enjoyed legitimate status and social acceptance, Yezidis have developed various strategies to compensate for the absence of a written sacred book. The most unique among these is the phenomenon of “falling into book,” which refers to the altered state of consciousness experienced by some Yezidi seers. “Falling into book” provides the seer with a glimpse into both the past and the future, thus serving as a source of divination and prognostication, which ranges from addressing personal problems to foretelling the (usually apocalyptic) fate of the Yezidi community and the world. Thus the “book” of the seers is perceived to be a kind of “heavenly knowledge,” equal or even superior to the revealed texts of bookish religions.

Impact of Taqwa (Islamic Piety) on Organizational Commitment in Pakistan: The Role of Happiness

The concept of “employee happiness” has received much research attention within the framework of Western values, but the equivalent concept has not been explored in the context of other cultures. The research aims to explore the concept of employee happiness with regard to the commitment to the organization and the dimensions of the Islamic practice of Taqwa (“God’s consciousness”) comprising Islamic spirituality (IS) and Islamic social responsibility (ISR). Previous researches (Maham et al., 2020; Maham & Bhatti, 2019), and (Zandi, Sulaiman, Naysary, et al., 2013) explored the effect of Islamic piety on happiness and commitment respectively, we merged both the individual and organizational effect into a mediation framework. We argue that Islamic spirituality brings Islamic social responsibility jointly called taqwa. This social responsibility brings happiness at an individual level that would ultimately increase organizational commitment. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data were collected among respondents and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. Results suggested that IS has a significant positive effect on both ISR and happiness. ISR also seems to be affecting happiness positively. However, both IS, and ISR doesn’t seem to affect organizational commitment except for happiness. Hence the results support a positive mediation of ISR, and happiness in IS and organizational commitment relationship. The study is useful for organizations, institutions, and sectors that are under the worst circumstances due to HRM and turnover issues of employees. In the Islamic environment or Muslim countries, the strategic and long-term plans and goals can easily be achieved by adopting the practices and rulings of Islam.

Muslims and Christians in the Levant: A Shared Culture, An Evolving Concept of Citizenship

Muslims and Christians in the Levant:A Shared Culture, An Evolving Concept of Citizenship Kail C. Ellis (bio) Introduction Recent scholarship has endeavored to counter a widespread impression that the Middle East is a homogenous Arab and Muslim ethnic entity. Although Christians once constituted large and important communities in today's Arab world, later scholars tended to regard them as tools of Western interests or as victims of Muslim rulers whose histories are irrelevant to understanding the contemporary Middle East. An additional impediment to studying Christian Arab history was the reluctance of some scholars to approach questions dealing with sectarianism and communal politics. Yet, as this essay will explain, the record shows that Christians have been an integral part of Middle East society and culture throughout history and can and must be enabled and encouraged to do so now and in the future, not only in the interest of social peace and justice but also for the benefit of local society and culture as a whole. [End Page 1] The rise of political Islam in the 1970s and the resulting Islamization of Middle Eastern politics marked a reevaluation of the approach of overlooking Arab Christian history. Paul Rowe, Laura Robson, and Sidney Griffith, among others, have challenged the image of the Middle East as a homogenous Muslim region that is in opposition to the predominately Christian West.1 Sidney Griffith, for example, traced the spread of Christianity from the Holy Land westward throughout the Roman Empire as taking place simultaneously with the spread of the Gospel eastward to the Persian Empire, into China and southward into Arabia and India. This history was recorded in the widely spoken dialect of Aramaic, called Syriac and attests to the presence of Christians in the region some 600 years before the rise of Islam. The Qur'an also provides strong evidence of the Christian presence in the region, as Arabic-speaking Christians were the audience to whom much of the Qur'an was addressed.2 When Christians assimilated into Arab and Islamic society and embraced the Arabic language by the end of the eighth century, modern scholars tended to interpret this development as evidence of their marginalization and therefore as a topic unworthy of study. As a consequence, this superficial interpretation robbed Middle Eastern Christians of agency and of the positive view that by adopting the Arabic language, Christians could better express their identities in the Arabic idiom of the Arab Islamic culture of which they had become an integral part. By the tenth century, this interpretation seemed vindicated when Christians, still the majority of the population in the Islamic polity, were actively engaged in the development of Arab culture, literature, and the sciences. To support this view, Griffith cites the work of Christian scholars who, along with Jewish and Muslim scholars in the Islamic environment of Baghdad during the Abbasid caliphate in the ninth century, translated the works of Greek philosophy, science, and medicine into Arabic and Latin. Their contributions lasted from the ninth-century in Iraq into the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in Egypt.3 Although relations between Christians, Jews, and Muslim during this period were often intellectually and culturally complementary, they were [End Page 2] also "confrontational and cooperative at the same time."4 Griffith maintains that from the thirteenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century, "numerous disabling factors" intervened to disrupt the complementarity of their relationship such as the evolution in Islamic religious thinking, the numerical decline of Christians and, finally, the demographic insignificance of Christians in some areas of the Middle East.5 Griffith and other prominent scholars maintain that the intellectual and cultural influence of Arab Christians in the Middle East has seldom been told. Even more damaging is the impact of this neglect today, as it has led Western scholarship to regard Christendom as coterminous with the Latin Middle Ages and to regard Eastern Christians as schismatic and even as a heretical people who left the Church centuries ago.6 Dhimmitude: Christians as "Minorities" The concept of "minority" as it pertained to Christians and other non-Muslim communities developed gradually in the Middle East. Its basis was laid by the Ottomans, who, after their victories...

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI DAKWAH PENYULUH AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PEMBINAAN KELUARGA SAKINAH

The extension agents of islamic religious have an important role in implementing Islamic guidance in the midst of the dynamics of development of Indonesian society. An Islamic Religious Instructor is someone who is given the full duties and responsibilities, authority and rights under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion to carry out religious guidance and development to the community through the language of Religion. This study was qualitative with the type of case study, and data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation methods, all of which were to answer problems regarding the communication model of Islamic religious extension agents in Sakinah village, Jember Regency. The informants of this study were the Head of KUA Tanggul District, Functional Islamic Religious Instructors, Honorary Islamic Religious Instructors, stakeholders, and the people of Sakinah Tanggul Kulon Village, Tanggul District, Jember Regency. The result of this study was analyzing the needs of Kampung Kamaran, Determining the Priority Scale for Sakinah Village coaching, Gradual and comprehensive coordination of all parties, Assistance for residents who do not have a marriage certificate, Creating an Islamic environment and Implementing Islamic Religious Education in Sakinah Village. Meanwhile, the response of the society in Sakinah Village to the da'wah of Islamic Religious Instructors in coaching the Sakinah family can be divided into negative responses and positive responses.

An Exploration of the Christian-Muslim Landscape in Modern Syria and the Contribution of Eastern Christian Thought to Interreligious Dynamics

This paper considers Christian-Muslim relations in modern Syria and the importance that eastern Christian thought can make to the interreligious context within the Middle East. It briefly describes the diverse historical and contemporary Christian and Muslim religious landscapes that have cohabited and interacted within the country and the cultural, religious, and political issues that have impacted the interreligious dynamic. Based on fieldwork undertaken in government-held areas during the Syrian conflict, combined with critical historical and Christian theological reflection, the article contributes to understanding Syria’s diverse religious landscape and the multi-layered expressions of Christian-Muslim relations, in a way that has not been previously attempted. Providing insights into interreligious praxis prior to the conflict and in its midst, the article contributes to an understanding of the effect of conflict on interreligious relationships. The article considers the unique contribution of eastern Christianity to the Christian-Muslim dynamic and concludes that the significance of the theology and spirituality of the ‘Antiochene’ paradigm has been under-recognised in western discourse and that, having coexisted within the cultural environment of Islam, it is uniquely placed to play a major role in Christian-Muslim dialogue and the reframing of Islam’s engagement with modern society.This article contributes therefore to knowledge and understanding of the changing Christian-Muslim dynamic in Syria and the neighbouring region; a new understanding of the religious landscape; and a door to exploring how eastern Christian approaches to Christian-Muslim relations may be sustained and strengthened in the face of the considerable religious and political challenges faced by both communities today.

Re-Negotiating Interconfessional Boundaries through Intertextuality: The Unborn in the Kṯāḇā ḏ-Huddāyē of Barhebraeus (d. 1286)

Abstract The article analyzes the Kṯāḇā ḏ-Huddāyē, a legal work of the Syriac polymath and ecclesiastic leader Barhebraeus. The intertextual strategies are assessed, such as compilation, redaction and adaption of the Huddāyē’s source material, i.e. legal compendia by al-Ghazālī, by the Ḥanafī al-Qudūrī and texts from Christian tradition. It is argued that the different normative boundaries established by these source texts and then intertextually reworked by Barhebraeus in the Huddāyē can be read as (re-)negotiation of communal identity for a Christian community in an Islamic environment. Two treatments of unborn life and pregnancy are taken as an example: the funeral prayer for the miscarried child and financial compensation in case of induced miscarriage.

QUALITY PERCEPTION OF ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION SERVICES: Experience of International Students

This study aims to formulate a special dimension of service quality in Islamic higher education institutions in shaping Islamic culture according to the perceptions of international Muslim students. Using a quantitative approach with exploratory factor analysis, it involved 100 international Muslim students taken from multi-stage proportionated stratified random sampling (probability sampling). The results showed that based on the experience of international Muslim students, the service quality of Islamic higher education institutions included the dimensions of teaching staff competencies, administrative staff competencies, Islamic environment, physical facilities and information technology-based services, all of which can work together in shaping Islamic culture. To support the vision of the internationalization of Islamic higher education institutions, managers must pay attention to these dimensions as a representation of the quality of service felt by international Muslim students to meet their expectations during their studies at Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia.

Profiling information-seeking behavior of mosque speechmakers in Upper Egypt

Purpose The purpose of this paper is attracting attention to the use of information by mosque speechmakers (MSs) in the Islamic and Arabic world, specifically in Upper Egypt. Design/methodology/approach This study used a survey, which was conducted from September to November 2019. A structured questionnaire was designed in Arabic and distributed to the mosques that were chosen as a sample to represent all the mosques of Upper Egypt. The researcher sampled 5% (n = 421) of the total of 8,421 mosques in Upper Egypt. Findings The findings showed the majority of the MSs in Upper Egypt are to be older (from 36 to 60 years, educated [mostly with BA degrees]), married and with an average monthly income over LE 3,500. Almost all MSs were strongly looking for information to make specific/general research, to make a religious lecture and be aware of contemporary events. The most frequently used sources of information by MSs were biographies, books, mass media, references and the Web. Most of the MSs had been using information heavily. The highest percentage of them spent from 7 to 12 h a week searching for information. MSs preferred the use of printed sources of information to those non-print sources. Mobile apps, followed by the Web and information databases were the most significant technological tools used by MSs. MSs’ efficiency level of using English was good and a reasonable number of them indicated that they were not good at speaking other languages, such as French. The home/personal library and the special library were the most important types of libraries used by MSs. The unaffected role of the library to access information, followed by the use of foreign languages to access some sources of information, as well as the use of technology, were the most significant problems faced by MSs when searching for information. Research limitations/implications This paper investigates the topic of MSs’ use of and access to information. This topic, unfortunately, has limited previous research, particularly in the Arabic and Islamic environment. Practical implications This paper provides valuable insight into the information behavior of a very significant client group, namely, MSs. Originality/value Being one of the very few studies conducted on these beneficiaries of information in the Arab and Islamic environment, this study is considered a unique one among several studies conducted in the area of the information-seeking behavior, especially with such a significant group of information users/seekers in such influencing environment in the world. The findings of this study may help in a better understanding of the information-seeking behavior of the MSs.

The Green Colour of Paradisal Garden and Metaphoric Water in the Islamic Religion and Environment

The Green Colour of Paradisal Garden and Metaphoric Water in the Islamic Religion and Environment

Mapping the Field, A Bibliometric Analysis of Environment in Islam

The environmental crisis is happening today requires the attention of the global community. One approach that can be done is to apply the teachings of Islam as a whole. Belief in religion can influence people to maintain the environment. This study was conducted to determine how the environment in Islam. Scientific publications in accordance with Islamic friends in the neighborhood of indexed Dimensions analyzed by a systematic literature review (SLR). The parameters analyzed were the number of publications per year, the origin and the origin of the author's state institutions. Furthermore, the results were analyzed with the VOS Viewer software. A total of 30 relevant scientific articles selected and analyzed. Publications related to the environment in Islam increased since 2006 with some of the topics of discussion. A popular topic of research is on the management of natural resources and environment, water conservation, and climate change.

Islamic banks’ equity financing, Shariah supervisory board, and banking environments

Although equity financing is a core value in Islamic finance, it is rarely used by Islamic banks which prefer other instruments such as markup or leasing contracts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential determinants of equity financing. Shariah supervisory board (SSB) is regarded as crucial in promoting equity financing. We use hand-collected data on equity financing and governance structure of 88 Islamic banks in 16 countries between 2009 and 2014. Our findings reveal that Islamic banks’ equity financing is influenced by the characteristics of SSB. Specifically, the duality of SSB members positively affects equity financing whereas the existence of a Shariah department within banks has a negative impact. We also find that the role of SSB in Islamic banks is influenced by the characteristics of the board of directors (BOD) and the banking environments. The impact of SSB on equity financing is reduced in the better banking environment, possibly suggesting substitution role between SSB and institutional and Islamic environment.

The influence of religion on the determinants of capital structure: the case of Saudi Arabia

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether a religious environment affects a firm capital structure.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data from Saudi Arabia with a highly Islamic religious environment. The authors use an extreme bounds analysis (EBA), which provides a reliable analysis of the determinants of capital structure and aids the process of selecting explanatory variables when there is model uncertainty.FindingsThe authors find that firms in such an Islamic environment are relatively less leveraged compared to firms in a non-Islamic environment. The authors also find that firms located in an Islamic environment have different determinants of capital structure than firms located in a non-Islamic environment. Specifically, the Islamic society creates decision makers who are more risk averse, thus leading to a preference for corporate financing using internal funds.Practical implicationsThe results imply a potential challenge for growth-seeking firms located in religious Islamic societies.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to examine the determinants of corporate capital structure in Saudi Arabia using EBA.

Strategi Pengelolaan Pariwisata Halal Kota Surabaya

Professional management of management by Coordinating with the tourism office, promoting scientific activities as the cultivation of religious values, and fostering human resources (HR) to all Nadzirs. Management strategies in the traditional tourism sector by offering alternatives such as religious tourism, culinary delights, and traditional markets. 2) Inhibiting factors: Human resource awareness from both tourists and Nadzirs, inadequate facilities related to visitors' quantity. 3) Supporting factors: Islamic environment such as separation of places for male and female tourists, preparation of facilities such as electricity, water, lodging, places for ablution, toilets, and mosques. Suggestion: Conduct training related to the development of halal tourist attractions, provide directions to all tourists both online and offline, expand tourist areas by acquiring surrounding land, rejuvenating and repairing areas, and reforestation.

WHY ISLAMIC EDUCATION NEEDS TO BE INTERNALIZED IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIAN PARENTS’ PERSPECTIVES

Abstract: The emergence of Islamic education schools has become a trend nowadays in Indonesia. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Islamic Junior High School and Senior High School, Madrasah Aliyah even Integrated Islamic Kindergarten and Raudhatul Athfal and Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) Kindergarten are widely known among the community. Many parents choose Islamic early childhood education to be their main choice. This study aims to explore why Islamic education needs to be internalized in early childhood. This study was conducted from 19 July 2019 to 20 August 2019 in some cities in Indonesia. A purposeful sampling method was used to select ten eligible participants. Data were collected through face-to-face, semistructured interviews and were analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach. Two categories emerged from the qualitative data including “creating Islamic environment,” and “the program offered is interesting”. According to the results, although the participants decided to choose the Islamic education for their children by selecting the Islamic school, they should consider that they must internalize the Islamic education in family by being role model for their children.

النسویة والقرآن رؤیة نقدیة لکتابات آمنة ودود

ملخص البحث بسم الله، والحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله، أما بعد. فرغم أن بداية الحرکة النسوية کانت خارج المحيط الإسلامي، إلا أنها ما لبثت أن انتقلت إلى العالم الإسلامي في صور متعددة منها ما هو علماني قح لا يرى نفسه معنيا بعلاقة خطابه النسوي بالمنظومة المعرفية الإسلامية، ومنه ما هو إسلامي – على اختلاف شاسع في تعريف الإسلامي هنا – يسعى لأن يجد له قدما في تلک المنظومة من خلال آليات متباينة من المواءمة والنقد. ولعل أشهر من قدم مقاربة نسوية لتفسير الکريم هي الأمريکية ماري تيزلي أوآمنة بعد اسلامها، التي حصلت على الماجستير في دراسات الشرق الأدنى، والدکتوراه في الدراسات العربية والإسلامية من جامعة ميتشغان في عام 1988م، وذاعت شهرتها بعد أن أقدمت على إمامة عدد من المسلمين والمسلمات في صلاة جمعة مختلطة بإحدى الکنائس الإنجليکانية، وهو ما قوبل باستهجان کبير في معظم أنحاء العالم الإسلامي. ألفت آمنة ودود کتابها القرآن والمرأة: إعادة قراءة للنص المقدس من وجهة نظر نسوية ناعية فيه على فقهاء المسلين جملة احتکارهم لتفسير ذکوري جامد بائد – بحسب تعبيرها- يهضم حقوق المرأة التي أقرها لها الکريم، داعية فيه إلى ما أسمته بـ الجهاد الجندري لتحقيق المساواة بين المرأة والرجل. والمقصود في هذا البحث هو محاولة التوصل إلى تفکيک المقاربة القرآنية لآمنة ودود، والوقوف على مفهومها للتأويل ، واختبار مدى جدوى فهم بمعزل عن التراث التفسيري جملة أو صوابية ذلک، والسعي نحو التعرف على أدواتها اللغوية والمقاصدية والتاريخية في قراءتها للنص القرآني، وعرض رؤية تحليلة نقدية لنتائج هذه القراءة التي ظهرت في مواقفها من قضايا نسوية شائکة کالميراث والقوامة والشهادة وغيرها. الکلمات المفتاحية: - النسوية - المقاصد Feminism and the Qur'an Critical view of Amina Wadud's works Dr.Osama Abdul Rahman Al-Marakby osamaalmarakeby.27@azhar.edu.eg Abstract In the name of Allah the Merciful, And prayers and peace be upon the Prophet Muhammad. Although the beginning of the feminist movement was outside the Islamic environment, it soon moved to the Islamic world in various forms, including what is pure secular which does not see himself interested with the relationship of his feminist discourse and the Islamic cognitive system, and some of it is Islamic - with a vast controversy related to the definition of Islam here - which seeks to find a way into that system through various mechanisms of harmonization and criticism. Among the most famous feminists who presented approach for the interpretation of the Noble Qur’an is the American “Mary Teasley” or “Amina Wadud” after her conversion to Islam. She obtained a master’s degree in Near Eastern studies, and a PhD in Arab and Islamic studies from the University of Michigan in 1988 AD, and her fame spread after leading a number of Muslims and Muslims in a mixed Friday prayer in an Anglican church, which was widely condemned in most regions of the Islamic world. Amina Wadud wrote her book “Quran and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from A Woman's Perspective, to express her objection to scholars of Islam as a whole because of their monopoly on a rigid male defunct interpretation - according to her expression – which ignore the rights of women recognized by the Holy Qur’an, calling for what she called “Gender jihad” to achieve equality between women and men. The purpose of this research is to attempt to reach the dismantling of the Qur’an approach to Amna Wadud, and to study its concept of interpretation, In addition to testing the extent of the feasibility of understanding the Qur’an in isolation from the interpretative heritage as a whole or the correctness of that. It also try to identify its linguistic, Maqāṣidī and historical tools in its reading of the Qur’an text. Moreover, offering a critical analytical view for the results of this reading which appeared in its opinions about difficult feminist issues, such as inheritance, the concept of Qawama, testify, and others. key words: Qur'an - Feminism - Maqāṣid

Relevansi Antara Kafa’ah dalam Pernikahan dengan Tujuan Pendidikan Islam

Kafa'ah (balance / equality) in choosing a mate aims to realize the goals of the family are sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah and blessed with children who are salih and salihah. The only reason hat is considered is religion, because parents are educators who will later be responsible for implementing family education towards the realization of the marriage goal. This research examines the concept of marriage kafa'ah and its relevance to the concept of Islamic education. This study uses a type of literature with an analytical descriptive approach that will be analyzed with content analysis. This study resulted in a conclusion that Kafa'ah religion (aqeedah,worship, morality) was the only kufu that became a consideration to realize the purpose of marriage. The relevance of kafa'ah in Islamic education is very important, because parents are the primary educators who should have strong Islamic religious competencies, the material comes from Allah, with the correct method and is supported by an Islamic environment, the educational goals will be easily realized, so that born children who are salih and salihah.

Arguing Religion in Environmental Judicial Review Before the Indonesian Constitutional Court: Exploring an Alternative Approach

Indonesia, an archipelagic nation-state, faces multiple environmental challenges, including climate change. In the search for solutions, the significance of religion in Indonesian constitutional jurisprudence and politics led to the realization that constitutional arguments can be made based on religious doctrine and values to enforce environmental rights and duties – an alternative approach to environmental judicial review already observed in other Muslim-majority countries. This paper argues that the same can be achieved with constitutional arguments on the right to religious freedom before the Indonesian Constitutional Court, and with Islamic NGOs leading the charge. Arguments and outcomes of past religious freedom cases before the Court, how NGOs shape constitutional review, as well as Islamic environmentalism will inform the evaluation of the plausibility and strategy of the alternative approach in Indonesia.