Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Research Articles

Performance and Results of the LBNE 35 Ton Membrane Cryostat Prototype

We report on the performance and commissioning of the first membrane cryostat to be used for scientific application. The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) has designed and fabricated a membrane cryostat prototype in collaboration with Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI). LBNE has designed and fabricated the supporting cryogenic system infrastructure and successfully commissioned and operated the first membrane cryostat. Original goals of the prototype are: to demonstrate the membrane cryostat technology in terms of thermal performance, feasibility for liquid argon and leak tightness; to demonstrate that we can remove all the impurities from the vessel and achieve the purity requirements in a membrane cryostat without evacuation; to demonstrate that we can achieve and maintain the purity requirements of the liquid argon using mol sieve and copper filters. The purity requirements of a large liquid argon detector such as LBNE are contaminants below 200 parts per trillion (ppt) oxygen equivalent. LBNE is planning the design and construction of a large liquid argon detector. This presentation will present requirements, design and construction of the LBNE 35 ton membrane cryostat prototype, and detail the commissioning and performance. The experience and results of this prototype are extremely important for the development of the LBNE detector.

Case Commentary: CIT v. PVAL Kulandagan Chettiar [(2004) 267 ITR 654 (SC)

What are double taxation avoidance agreements? What are the principles of interpretation that are followed to interpret the double taxation avoidance agreements? What is the legislative intent behind Section 90 and Section 91 of the Income Tax Act of 1961? How does the Tax Credit Method of double taxation avoidance differ from the Exemption Method? Apart from dealing with these principal questions, this research paper deals with a brief analytical analysis of case laws in the nature of,1. Turquoise Investments Case [300 ITR 1]2. Morgan Stanley and Co. Inc. Case [292 ITR 416]3. C.I.T v. Visakhapatnam Port Trust [(1983) 144 ITR 146 (A.P.)]4. Vodafone Case [341 ITR 1 (SC)] 5. C.I.T v. Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. [291 ITR 482]6. Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Ltd. v. Director of Income-tax, Mumbai [288 ITR 408]7. Azadi Bachao Andolan Case [263 ITR 706]8. Kulandagan Chettiar Case [267 ITR 654]9. A.H.M Allaudin v. Additional ITO [(1964) 52 ITR 900 (Mad.)]10. C.I.T v. Hindustan Paper Corporation Ltd. [(1994) 77 Taxman 450 (Cal.)]

Development of Liquid Nitrogen-Cooled Full Superconducting Motor

Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) released the world's first liquid nitrogen-cooled superconducting motor in January 2005. In April IHI released the world's first full superconducting motor. The process of the development of these and the technical breakthrough, and the features of each motor are discussed. The introduction of the large full superconducting motor that will be developed in the future are also described.

C110 マルチスロット冷却方式タービン翼の冷却空気流れ可視化に関する研究

A new model turbo-fan engine for small aircrafts is being developed as a national project. Multiple slot cooling configuration that is a new cooling structure of a turbine blade will be adopted to the engine. Cooling performance of the configuration stays equal to those of traditional methods, but this structure is much simpler than conventional ones. So the cost to make turbine blades will decrease. The representative company in this project, Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) performed numerical simulation of flow field CFD in a turbine blade and measured cooling effectiveness of this configuration. In this study, cooling airflow in a turbine blade was visualized and flow velocity was measured with the particle image velocimetry (PIV). The purpose of the present study is to confirm usefulness of CFD and to find out some relationship between the flow field and heat transfer. Thus we made a comparison among experimental results and numerical simulation.

Transformation of the Main Shopping Area in a Company Town by Rationalization of the local dominant Enterprise

In this research, the case of the company town Aioi was investigated to clarify the transformation of the main shopping area by rationalization of the local dominant enterprise, namely Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. In addition, the process and factors leading to changes in use such as vacant stores, parking lots, or residences were clarified along with the status of closed stores. The situation in Aioi remains difficult because the industrial structure has not been converted and the population has continuously decreased since the rationalization of the enterprise. Therefore, the commercial environment has declined markedly. The decrease in the population and the amount of pedestrian traffic has been significant, and the land use has changed greatly in the main shopping area. Changes to nonretail use are progressing in general, while changes in land use differ greatly in each shopping district. Changes to nonretail use did not occur before the collapse of the bubble economy because alterations in retail stores continued. However, store closures have been correlated with changes to nonretail use since the collapse of the bubble economy because few new businesses have opened. The reasons for and the forms and processes of store closures in the main shopping area differ greatly depending on store characteristics. Many stores closed due to personal circumstances or slumps in business in small-scale stores. Among closed stores, there are many vacant stores with little possibility of retail rental, since there are residents now. In addition, some were converted into residences and parking lots by their owners. These factors prevent alterations in previous stores to new retail use. However, the main factor preventing new retail use is the decrease in new entry demand. Although the main shopping area was declining because of rationalization of the enterprise in the 1980s, changes to nonretail use have continued because new entry demand has decreased due to the collapse of the bubble economy, population decrease, and the development of shopping areas in the suburbs after the 1990s. Therefore, the changes to nonretail use in the main shopping area in this company town reflect a reduction in commercial scale and area.

Recent progress on commercialization of castrip� direct strip casting technology at Nucor Crawfordsville

The world’s first commercial installation for direct casting of low-carbon steel sheet utilizing CASTRIP® technology is undergoing production ramp-up at Nucor Steel’s plant in Crawfordsville, Indiana. Construction of the plant was initiated in February 2001 and the first ladle was delivered to the caster in May 2002. Since that time, Nucor Steel has been working with technology partners BlueScope Steel (formerly BHP Steel) and IHI (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries) to fully commercialize this exciting new technology for the direct production of steel sheet less than 2 mm in thickness.

Development and practical applications of twin-screw shield method

As Japan's population becomes more concentrated in large cities, the demand for urban facilities and diverse urban functions is resulting in greater congestion underground. Meeting this demand requires the development of a low-cost technology for constructing large-scale facilities at great depths below the surface. The current dominant technology for constructing tunnels in urban areas is the shield method, which includes both the slurry and mud-pressure methods. The latter method is seldom used at depths of 30 m or more below the surface because at such depths, the face of the tunnel is subject to high water pressures, which cause the muck and groundwater to spurt out from the screw conveyor of the shield-tunneling machine. The soil pressures at the tunnel face then become uncontrollable, causing the ground around the tunnels to deform. To solve this problem, Taisei Corp. and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. began researching screw conveyors in 1996 and recently developed the twin-screw (TS) shield method. In the twin-screw shield method, the muck is continuously and stably discharged by automatically controlling the rotational speed of the twin-screw conveyor. This maintains the desired soil pressure at the tunnel face at all depths, no matter how fast or slow the machine is advanced. The two screws are engaged and rotated in opposite directions, creating a mechanical seal zone in the conveyor that prevents muck and groundwater from spurting out from the conveyor. The benefits of this method include the ability: (1) to control the soil pressures at the tunnel face so that the surrounding ground does not deform, (2) to control the muck discharge volume by controlling the rotational speed of the twin-screw conveyor, and (3) to transport the muck from the discharge nozzle to the back of the machine. This method has been applied in two shield-tunneling projects, first for a utility conduit with the overburden of 22 m in cohesive soil, and then for a subway tunnel with the overburden of 8 m in sand and gravel. The success of projects proved the excellence of the method. For both projects, soil pressures at the tunnel face could be kept at a set value by the automatic control of the win-screw conveyor's rotational speed even when the advance speed of the shield tunneling machine was changed. As a result, deformation of the ground around the tunnels could be controlled. Further studies are under way for the measures against the wear of flights and casing of the twin-screw conveyor that is expected in the ground containing much gravel. The authors aim to make the twin-screw shield method into a standard mud pressure shield method by providing the twin-screw conveyor with greater durability through the studies. (A) Reprinted with permission from Elsevier. For the covering abstract see ITRD E124500.

超小型ガスタービン用超小型超高速発電電動機の開発(FR1 マイクロエネルギー変換)

Micromachine gas turbine generator with centrifugal impeller of diameter 10mm is under development at Tohoku University, in conjunction with Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Tohoku-Gakuin University, and Sankyo Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. This paper is focus on a development of micro motor-generator with 100W output at 870,000 rev/min. An ultra high speed micro motor-generator is designed and a 400,000 rev/min operation prototype model is made. Basic characteristics are measured and the design performance is confirmed. The micro motor-generator can run up to 170,000 rev/min with 120° rectangular wave drive circuit.

Development of Micromachine Gas Turbine for Portable Power Generation

Micromachine gas turbine with centrifugal impellers of 10mm diameter fabricated by 5-axis micro-milling is under development at Tohoku University, in conjunction with Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI), Tohoku-Gakuin University, and Sankyo Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. The development is currently at the stage of proving the feasibility of the gas turbine cycle by component tests. Micro-combustors have been developed for both hydrogen and methane fuel. Over 99.9% of the combustion efficiency has been realized in both combustors and the baseline configuration of the combustor for the gas turbine is set. A compressor of 10mm diameter has been developed as a micromachined turbocharger. The performance test of the micromachined turbocharger has been started, and ran up to 566000rpm, which is approximately 65% of the design speed. Compressor performance has been successfully measured along a constant speed line at 55% of the design speed.

Improvements of Flux-Copper Backing Welding Quality

Flux-copper backing process welding is a high-speed, one-sided automatic welding process that is a type of submerged arc welding. Although it has been widely applied for the joining of flat skin plates in shipbuilding, a couple of problems with this process still exist: longitudinal cracks occur in the vicinity of the end point, and transverse cracks occur on the back surface. The data in this study were collected in the production site of Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Company Ltd, Kure Shipyard. The causes of failures were examined, and countermeasures were studied. Concerning the longitudinal cracks, the behavior of plate deformation during welding was investigated, and the end tab plates and the tack welding method were improved in order to reduce the rapidly increased transverse distortion of the joining plates. Concerning the transverse cracks, the dispersal figure of the reverse flux to form the backing bead was observed, the relation between the flux spraying height and the welding quality was investigated, and the height was standardized. In addition, welding heat input was also examined and regulated to avoid the transverse cracks.

Operational experience of USC steam condition plant and PFBC combined cycle system with material performance

In Japan, many conventional coal-fired power plants have been introduced, because coal fuel has many advantages in terms of price and availability, compared with oil and gas. In December 1997, the Kyoto Protocol that was adopted at the COP3 meeting (the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) committed Japan to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 6% below 1990 levels during the commitment period to 2012. To help meet such environmental requirements, coal-fired plants need to improve their thermal efficiency. Promising candidates of high efficiency coal-fired power plant are Ultra Super Critical (USC) steam condition pulverised coal plant and Pressurised Fluidised Bed Combustion (PFBC) combined cycle.Recently most of Japanese thermal power plants have adopted USC steam conditions, because in Japan there are a lot of fully developed materials whose costs are compatible with the excellent performance of these plants.In April 2002 EPDC (Electric Power Development Co., Ltd) 600MW Isogo New Unit 1 began commercial operation, with the highest steam condition in Japan. It replaced two former coal-fired 265MW plants. This boiler was designed and manufactured by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd (IHI). In this unit, 12Cr ferritic heat resistance materials (ASME P122 & T122) were applied to the main pressure parts in high-temperature regions, because of their excellent properties such as high creep rupture strength and high oxidation resistance up to 650°C. These properties play an important role to reduce tube and pipe wall thickness and hence costs.PFBC combined cycle system is a new coal utilization system capable of higher thermal efficiency with compact unit size and excellent environmental adaptability. IHI had intensive research and development efforts for commercialization of PFBC with 3MW test facility in IHI’s workshop and a license agreement concluded with ABB Carbon AB in Sweden (Alstom Power Sweden at present) for the PFBC technology in 1990. Then IHI designed and fabricated EPDC Wakamatsu 71MW pilot plant and Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. (KyEPCO) developed the Karita 360MW commercial plant. Karita, using a former pulverized coal-fired unit infrastructure, is the largest PFBC combined cycle system in the world. In this unit, many new materials have been applied in the boiler systems. SPV490, developed by IHI and Japanese steel manufacturers, was used for the pressure vessel and contributes to a weight and cost reduction of approximately 10%. A new austenitic steel, NAR-AH4 having excellent erosion/ corrosion resistance and high creep rupture strength, developed by IHI and SMI (Sumitomo Metal Industries Co., Ltd) was used for high-temperature components (cyclone and hot gas ducts, etc). This steel is expected to be used widely as a candidate material for high-temperature components.This paper presents operational experience from high efficiency coal-fired thermal power plants focussing on material performance, which play a key role of these plants.

溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池，および，起電部材のリサイクル化技術の開発

Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd (IHI) started R&D of MCFC since 1984 as a part of national project. In the project, 1, 000kW demonstration plant was already completed successfully. Moreover, IHI has been developing 300kW class plants for practical use, and the commercial plants are now demonstrating. Also, more stable LiAlO2 as electrolyte support material and new cathode, which coated with MgFe2O4 layer, were developed to improve reliability of MCFC for long-term operation. Recycling technology for MCFC was also studied to reduce cost and protect better environment in near future, and usefulness of the recycling technology for practical use of MCFC was made clear by Life Cycle Assessment technique.

Change in Locality and the Administrative Incorporation of Tanashi and Hoya Cities, Tokyo

In recent years, the government has fostered administrative incorporations along with neoliberalism in Japan. But there are few Japanese case studies of administrative incorporations in the field of political science and human geography. However, many local politico-geographical studies have been done especially in the UK since the 1980s. They are called locality studies, which study the relation between the global economy and places. Hence the purpose of this study is to examine the political and socioeconomic factors of the administrative incorporation of Tanashi and Hoya Cities, which merged in 2001, from the viewpoint of locality studies. Tanashi and Hoya Cities were suburban cities in the Tokyo metropolitan area because of the heavy increases in the population from 1950 to 1975. Tanashi City was paid significant local taxes by three major factories, Citizen Watch Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Co., Ltd.; Hoya City only had small factories and thus was poor in the public finances. Tanashi City redeveloped the Tanashi station area during the 1980 s. However, the redevelopment forced Tanashi City to assume the burden of public financing because of the depression in the 1990s. Moreover, the business of the three major factories in Tanashi was at a low ebb in the 1990 s because of globalization. One factory (Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.) is shifting domestic production abroad. The others slumped in the field of the shipbuilding. The tax income from the factories in Tanashi City has decreased so that the difference in public finances between Tanashi and Hoya Cities lessened. Hence the two cities were mergered to improve the base of public finance.

Operational experience of USC steam condition plant and PFBC combined cycle system with material performance

In Japan, many conventional coal-fired power plants have been introduced, because coal fuel has many advantages in terms of price and availability, compared with oil and gas. In December 1997, the Kyoto Protocol that was adopted at the COP3 meeting (the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) committed Japan to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 6% below 1990 levels during the commitment period to 2012. To help meet such environmental requirements, coal-fired plants need to improve their thermal efficiency. Promising candidates of high efficiency coal-fired power plant are Ultra Super Critical (USC) steam condition pulverised coal plant and Pressurised Fluidised Bed Combustion (PFBC) combined cycle.Recently most of Japanese thermal power plants have adopted USC steam conditions, because in Japan there are a lot of fully developed materials whose costs are compatible with the excellent performance of these plants.In April 2002 EPDC (Electric Power Development Co., Ltd) 600MW Isogo New Unit 1 began commercial operation, with the highest steam condition in Japan. It replaced two former coal-fired 265MW plants. This boiler was designed and manufactured by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd (IHI). In this unit, 12Cr ferritic heat resistance materials (ASME P122 & T122) were applied to the main pressure parts in high-temperature regions, because of their excellent properties such as high creep rupture strength and high oxidation resistance up to 650°C. These properties play an important role to reduce tube and pipe wall thickness and hence costs.PFBC combined cycle system is a new coal utilization system capable of higher thermal efficiency with compact unit size and excellent environmental adaptability. IHI had intensive research and development efforts for commercialization of PFBC with 3MW test facility in IHI’s workshop and a license agreement concluded with ABB Carbon AB in Sweden (Alstom Power Sweden at present) for the PFBC technology in 1990. Then IHI designed and fabricated EPDC Wakamatsu 71MW pilot plant and Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. (KyEPCO) developed the Karita 360MW commercial plant. Karita, using a former pulverized coal-fired unit infrastructure, is the largest PFBC combined cycle system in the world. In this unit, many new materials have been applied in the boiler systems. SPV490, developed by IHI and Japanese steel manufacturers, was used for the pressure vessel and contributes to a weight and cost reduction of approximately 10%. A new austenitic steel, NAR-AH4 having excellent erosion/ corrosion resistance and high creep rupture strength, developed by IHI and SMI (Sumitomo Metal Industries Co., Ltd) was used for high-temperature components (cyclone and hot gas ducts, etc). This steel is expected to be used widely as a candidate material for high-temperature components.This paper presents operational experience from high efficiency coal-fired thermal power plants focussing on material performance, which play a key role of these plants.

P32-02 3 次元形状マイクロマシン・ガスタービンの要素開発

Development of a micro-scale gas turbine is underway at Tohoku University and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI). The gas turbine has a centrifugal compressor and a centrifugal turbine of diameter 10mm. The impellers have fully 3-dimensional geometry machined by micro 5-axis end-mill. The objective of developing the gas turbine at micro scale is to confirm the maximum possible performance of gas turbines at micro-scale. The development of the gas turbine has been split into two, (1) development of a micro turbocharger to realize the design rotational speed of 870000 rpm, and (2) development of a micro combustor to achieve a stable self-sustaining combustion at micro scale, with an appropriate heat shielding method. The mechanical design of the micro-turbocharger has been completed, and the micro-turbocharger has been manufactured. A micro combustor has been developed and tested. Self-sustained combustion has been achieved, with both hydrogen and methane fuel. Hundred percent of combustion efficiency has been achieved with hydrogen fuel.

Degradation of gas turbine blade materials in integrated coal-gasification combined cycle plant

Interest in the integrated coal-gasification combined cycle plant (IGCC) has increased because of its high efficiency. However, degradation of gas turbine component materials has not been studied so far. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the corrosion behaviors of these materials in an actual coal gas combustion environment. Our test facility was constructed near the coal-gasification test facility (CGT) at the Aioi works of Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Several superalloy (René80H and FSX414) and coating systems (CoCrAlY, CoNiCrAlY and TBC) were exposed in the coal gas combustion environment at 1123, 1223 and 1323 K up to 350 h. After these tests, the weight change of each specimen was measured. Morphologies of products and element distributions at their surfaces were observed with SEM and EPMA. It is concluded that not only high- temperature oxidation and sulfidation but also ash deposition has a remarkable influence on the degradation of gas turbine blade materials.

Advanced Line-Heating Process for Hull-Steel Assembly

Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) has successfully employed the logic of the Finite Element Method on the principle of Thermal Forming or Line Heating, which facilitates use of computer aided, fully automated line heating machines for forming any curvature precisely and efficiently on a hull steel plate in the shipbuilding process. It is undesirable for the future in line heating that only an experienced technician is able to be skilled in the use of existing line heating f1 or steel plate forming. Accuracy of shape formed by existing line heating is not necessarily well controlled and work at succeeding stages is adversely affected by inaccurate interim products, though it is a very useful method informing steel plates and all apparatus required for line heating is just light tools. The IHI-Advanced Line-heating Process for Hull-steel Assembly (IHI-ALPHA) has succeeded in solving these problems.

Study on Commercialization of High Efficiency IGCC System.

The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is regarded as a prospective winner of thermal power system in the next decade. Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) has been developing gasification technology and dry gas desulfurization technology. These are key technologies for IGCC commercialization. IHI has constructed Texaco Type coal gasification test facility and has been carrying out various tests since 1987. Also at the Japanese national IGCC development project. IH I has been in charge of a dry gas desulfurization pilot plant development for 200 coal tons/day gasification plant. This worldly largest desulfurization unit has performed successfully and concluded in February 1996. With these test results, IHI has continued to improve IGCC system through yarious feasibility studies with Toshiba who designed the combined cycle. We also carried out parameter survey that focused on the influence of fuel properties. These results made clear some useful features for IGCC development.

Study of Heavy Oil Gasification for IGCC.

Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.(IHI) have been developing the Gasification and the Hot Gas Cleanup technology for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC). Gasification tests have been carried out in corporation of Tokyo Electric Power Company and Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., with a 6 ton(coal) / day Texaco process gasification pilot plant(CGT project), which is located at IHI's Aioi Works in Hyogo Prefecture. This project has started in 1986 gasifying various kind of coal, and by the end of November 1996, 15 kinds of coal are gasified and cumulative operation time of 7000 hours have been achieved. From 1994 in order to diversify availability of fuels for gasification, several kinds of heavy oil had been gasified in this plant. Through these tests the relationship between process variables and the performances of heavy oil gasification became clear. This paper describes the process of the heavy oil gasification and the results of the heavy oil gasification tests which were carried out at the CGT project.

9732054 Measurement of adhered liquid fuel film on a wall in case of gasoline injection Jiro Senda (Doshisha University), Michio Wakatabe (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.), Atsushi Utsunomiya (Doshisha University Graduate School), Hajime Fujimoto (Doshisha University)

9732054 Measurement of adhered liquid fuel film on a wall in case of gasoline injection Jiro Senda (Doshisha University), Michio Wakatabe (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.), Atsushi Utsunomiya (Doshisha University Graduate School), Hajime Fujimoto (Doshisha University)