Irrigation Purposes Research Articles

Membrane Treatment to Improve Water Recycling in an Italian Textile District

The textile district of Prato (Italy) has developed a wastewater recycling system of considerable scale. The reclaimed wastewater is characterized by high levels of hardness (32 °F on average), which precludes its direct reuse in numerous wet textile processes (e.g., textile dyeing). Consequently, these companies utilize ion exchange resins for water softening. However, the regeneration of the resins results in an increased concentration of chlorides in the reclaimed wastewater that exceeds the limit set by Italian regulations for the reuse of water for irrigation purposes. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of membrane filtration as an alternative method for removing hardness from water. Therefore, an industrial-scale ultrafiltration-nanofiltration (UF-NF) pilot plant was installed to test the rejection of hardness from the reclaimed wastewater. The experiment employed two types of NF membranes and three permeate fluxes (27, 35, and 38 L·m−2·h−1) for testing. The results demonstrated that the system could remove hardness with efficiencies exceeding 98% under all conditions tested. The experimental findings indicate that the UF-NF system has the potential to be employed as a post-treatment step to render the reclaimed wastewater suitable for all textile finishing processes and to expand the scope for reuse.

Assessing a Hybrid Wind-Solar Irrigation System for Kiwi Orchards in Northern Iran: Feasibility, Environmental Impact, and Economic Viability

In this research, the viability of hybrid wind and solar energy for irrigating kiwi orchards in Guilan province, located in the northern part of Iran is explored. Analysis of wind speed data reveals that wind energy can be utilized for irrigation purposes for more than six months annually. The wind power density, peaking at 467 W/m², supports the feasibility of wind energy for irrigation over ten months each year. Solar irradiance measurements estimate an energy generation of approximately 5.23 kWh/m² from January to July. The average daily temperature, peaking at 29.7°C, suggests optimal conditions for the efficient operation of solar panels. The net water requirement for the kiwi orchard during the irrigation period was calculated based on garden area and other relevant parameters, ensuring accurate irrigation planning. Using the calculated net water requirements and meteorological data, the necessary pumping power was determined, leading to the design of a hybrid wind-solar irrigation system. An environmental impact assessment estimated a significant reduction in CO2 emissions over a 25-year period. Additionally, a life-cycle cost analysis demonstrated that the hybrid irrigation system would incur only 60% of the total cost of a conventional system over the same period, highlighting its economic feasibility.

Groundwater availability for irrigation purposes: Case of Middle Cheliff aquifer Algeria

The Middle Cheliff Plain faces persistent difficulties in manag-ing its limited groundwater reserves. This region, covering 321 km² in a semi-arid climate, is subjected to a detailed study of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes. In this context, twelve samples were carefully collected and analyzed. Nine es-sential parameters were evaluated, including physicochemical parameters and irrigation indices It is noted that the waters have an average conductivity of 4231 μs.cm-1 and a significant chloride content of 23.33 meq/l which has an unacceptable cat-egory for irrigation also the majority of the indices present fair-ly acceptable and permissible values for irrigation SAR and RSC (100%) of the samples respectively, also the PI 75% of the pie-zometers are suitable for irrigation These criteria were used to assess the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. In most of the plain, the Groundwater Quality Index for Irrigation (GWQII) indicates both acceptable and poor quality. These results show that most of these chemical constituents are above the FAO standards. Therefore, irrigation water poses a danger to the region's vast fields and its fragile crops. The proposed ap-proach has demonstrated efficacy in the assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes, exhibiting versa-tility in application and adaptability across diverse geograph-ical regions, including humid, arid, and semi-arid settings worldwide.

Onsite ammonia synthesis from water vapor and nitrogen in the air.

An innovative method for onsite ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions has been developed using a catalyst mesh composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and Nafion polymer. We pass air through the catalyst, which condenses microdroplets from atmospheric water vapor and uses nitrogen from the air, resulting in ammonia concentrations ranging from 25 to 120 μM in 1 hour, depending on local relative humidity. Operated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, this technique eliminates the need for additional electricity or radiation, thereby substantially reducing carbon dioxide emissions compared to the traditional Haber-Bosch process. In laboratory experiments, we further optimized the reaction conditions and scaled up the process. After 2 hours of spraying, the ammonia concentration increased to 270.2 ± 25.1 μM. In addition, we present a portable device designed for onsite ammonia production which consistently produces an ammonia concentration that is adequate for some agricultural irrigation purposes.

Study the Possibility of Using the Treated Industrial Wastewater of North Refineries Company, Baiji-Iraq, for Irrigation Purposes

Study the Possibility of Using the Treated Industrial Wastewater of North Refineries Company, Baiji-Iraq, for Irrigation Purposes

Hydro-geochemistry of the Bindal River Catchment: water suitability for irrigation and drinking in the Doon Valley outer Himalaya

ABSTRACT The hydrogeochemical analysis of surface water and groundwater in the Bindal river catchment was conducted in the Doon Valley of Uttarakhand, situated in the Outer Himalayan region. The surface and ground water samples were collected from 13 sampling stations located at the Bindal river catchment. The pH ranged from 6.93 to 7.62, with an average value of 7.23, signifying a slightly alkaline nature. The electric conductivity concentration varied from 655 µs/cm to 1309 µs/cm, with a mean value of 865.54 µs/cm. The equivalent ratio of Ca2+ + Mg2+ (µEq/l vs total cation (TZ+) was varied from 1.05 to 10.7 with a mean value of 1 and the equivalent ratio of Ca2+/Mg2+ was 1.04 and the ratio of Ca2+ + Mg2+ (µEq/l) vs Na + K (µEq/l) was 10 indicating the dominance of carbonate weathering. As per Piper diagram, the dominance of weak acids (HCO3 −) over strong acids (SO4 2-, Cl−) was observed and majority of samples were alkaline earth and the alkaline earths (Ca2+ + Mg2+) were dominant over alkalis (Na+ + K+). The scatter plot Ca2+ + Mg2+ (µeq/l) and HCO3 − showed that few of the points fell along the 1:1 equiline, indicating that Ca2+ + Mg2+ in most of the sampling locations were almost balanced by HCO3 −. However, few points also fall away from 1:1 equiline indicating Ca2+ + Mg2+ are to balances by other ions, possibly sulphate ions, which were the second-largest ions in the study area. Two principal components were selected in this region and their eigenvalues were >1 and accounted 73% of cumulative variability in the data. The aptness of water for irrigation purposes was calculated via SAR value, Kelly’s Index, Wilcox, residual sodium carbonate, Na%, etc. The Piper plot indicated carbonate weathering is the dominant source of ions in the water, attributed to the prevalence of high-concentration dolomite and calcite rocks in the study area. Total order of ions follows HCO3 − > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > SO4 2- > Cl− > Na+ > NO3 − > K+ > PO4 3- > F− order. Apart from TDS, Ca2+, SO4 2- and K+, all the other parameters were within the acceptable limits as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking water quality.

Effect of ion exchange resin membranes and activated carbon electrodes in water desalination using capacitive deionization technique with saline streams

Abstract Water contamination is increasing drastically today, and the government consistently works to reduce water pollution. This paper focuses on desalinating saline water using a capacitive deionization technique using activated carbon electrodes and ion exchange resin membranes. The developed model of the capacitive deionization cell works within 1.2 V, and the potential difference between the electrodes is varied within the threshold voltage of water. The concentrations of magnesium, sodium, and chlorine are measured in this investigation. The performance of the system was analyzed with a varied concentration of resin ion exchange membrane and various potential differences. The behavior of the capacitance deionization cell and rate with the conductance of water-electrolyte was studied. After the removal of ions, the conductivity of the electrolyte was reduced. Ion exchange resins are utilized to increase the electrical conductivity, which leads to an increase in the deionization rate. The ion exchange is carried out through the activated porous carbon electrodes. The experiment was carried out with varied voltages in saline streams, and the concentration of ions was evaluated. Due to the migration of positive and negative ions to the respective electrodes. The portable desalination model of efficient desalination level is derived. The energy and performance efficiencies are taken into consideration to evaluate the developed model. The cost of deionization is reduced compared with the reverse osmosis process. The deionization rate is high, leading to the production of a vast quantity of conditioned water for irrigation purposes. The study demonstrated that capacitive deionization (CDI) with activated carbon electrodes and ion exchange resin membranes effectively removes ions like magnesium, sodium, and chlorine, reducing water conductivity. Operating efficiently within a low-voltage range, the CDI system showed a high deionization rate suitable for large-scale applications, with lower costs than traditional reverse osmosis.

Assessing the suitability of water for irrigation purposes using irrigation water quality indices in the Irob catchment, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Irrigation alleviates poverty in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Ethiopia, necessitating a water suitability assessment. This study evaluates irrigation water quality in the Irob catchment, Northern Ethiopia. It differs by using combined parameters of the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for comprehensive assessment beyond standard comparisons. Eighteen water samples were collected and analyzed using ultraviolet spectrometry, titration, and atomic absorption spectrometry. The evaluation included parameters such as salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, permeability index, magnesium ratio, Kelly's index, potential salinity, and the IWQI. The findings revealed that 22.2, 38.9, 88.8, 66.7, 83.3, 66.7, 100, 72.2, and 55.6% of samples exceeded recommended standards for electrical conductivity, TDS, TH, permeability index, manganese, cobalt, copper, cadmium, and nickel, respectively. Most water quality parameters meet standards, but improved irrigation management is crucial to reduce risks. The IWQI indicates that 22.2% of water samples have minor restrictions, while 77.8% have no restrictions. This method provides key insights for evaluating irrigation water quality in similar hydrogeological and environmental conditions, particularly in semi-arid and arid regions. The findings enhance the understanding of sustainable water quality, supporting local authorities in developing resilient irrigation strategies for regional agricultural sustainability.

Evaluation of boron toxicity in soil and influencing factors: A case study of sodic soils of Panipat, India.

Boron toxicity is an increasingly serious problem leading to soil degradation and vegetation loss in arid and semi-arid environments worldwide. The soils of solonetzic complexes often display this characteristic. This study aimed to investigate the vertical distribution of hot water soluble-boron (hws-B) in the sodic and agricultural soils of Israna block in Haryana, India. The study also examined the influence of various soil variables on hws-B. The samples were collected at six depths to assess the availability of B. Additionally, an assessment was conducted to ascertain the appropriateness of the water sources for irrigation. The findings of our study revealed a notable disparity in the hws-B content between sodic soils and control agricultural soils, with the former exceeding the toxic thresholds. The levels of B available to plants were highest in the upper layers of soil and reduced as the depth increased. A number of variables influenced the water-soluble B content in sodic soils, particularly pH, calcite content, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), and calcium-boron ratio (Ca/B). The results indicated that the boron levels in both surface and groundwater were within acceptable limits for irrigation purposes, suggesting that boron toxicity may not be directly attributed to these sources. Our study suggests that sodic soils contain high levels of boron, which can be toxic, and consequently, proper management of these soils is recommended. It is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of boron levels in surface and sub-surface soils, as well as in irrigation water, in order to effectively manage soil and improve crop productivity.

Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in Boumerdes Region, Algeria

Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in Boumerdes Region, Algeria

Beyond water stress: Exploring the wastewater-irrigation for sustainable Agriculture

Abstract Water management is one of the crucial factors that impact the globally. As droughts become more frequent due to global warming, of this limited resource becomes increasingly important. Lately, tion of wastewater for irrigation purposes is considered a game that in many cases, wastewater treatment is poorly studied. This the EU member states water management practices based on the FAO Kruskal-Wallis test of the clustered countries revealed that the the most attention to wastewater treatment within the EU. Even oped countries treat quite low amount of wastewater, and based on are more likely to face water scarcity, the applied methods did not between the water stress levels of the clustered member states. cal tests highlighted that the various water stress levels of the not be connected with the utilization of the existing irrigation results, increasing the application of the built-out system may cient to serve and even increase the operation of the agricultural putting additional strain on the resources in the short term. of wastewater-based irrigation systems could be useful in those lization of the existing irrigation system is already high, or face Since we are still learning how to deal with this new resource, the of less contaminated water sources like collected rainwater or the development of the new system. This promising approach could significantly to several Sustainable Development Goals but also hance and over time even supersede the current method. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: The research analyzes water management practices across the member states using FAO’s Aquastat database. The study found that developing EU regions pay more attention to ment compared to more developed regions, which treat a lower ater despite facing water scarcity risks. The EU countries’ diverse water stress levels could not be of the current irrigation system. In short term, the built-out the demand of the agricultural production without increasing sure on the limited resources. The wastewater-based innovations should utilize less contaminated like collected rainwater or greywater in more water-stressed the development of a new sustainable irrigation system.

Water quality classification using self-organizing maps and cluster analysis: Case of Meknes-El Hajeb Springs, Morocco.

The Ouislane sub-watershed is currently experiencing severe water shortages and is highly dependent on its water supply. The sub-watershed spans two communes: Meknes to the north and El Hajeb to the south. It serves as the primary water source for irrigation and drinking purposes for the local population. Consequently, it is crucial to assess the spatio-temporal variations of water quality to identify and address potential gaps; these focused on effective monitoring systems to detect contaminants, pollutants and health risks. This research project aims on the application of self-organizing map (SOM) techniques combined with cluster analysis to classify water quality in springs for drinking and irrigation purposes. The present study evaluates the water quality variations using physicochemical parameters of twelve water springs, collected during the wet and dry seasons of 2022. For this purpose, the water quality index (WQI), self-organizing map (SOM), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) are used as evaluation and classification methods. As a result, the SOM algorithm with a size of 5 × 5 units identified as the most suitable, based on the minimum quantization error (QE) and topographic error (TE), yielding a QE of 0.379 and a TE of 0.000. It grouped the water quality data into five distinct clusters, Cluster I represented 37.5% of the total samples, while cluster II represented 25%. Cluster III and IV each accounted for 8.33% of the samples, while 20.83% of the sampling water are classified in cluster V. Clusters I, II, and IV indicate good water suitable for drinking. However, cluster V had the highest WQI, suggesting very high contamination due to increased levels of the 10 studied physicochemical parameters. The water quality in this region (cluster V) is influenced by natural processes, such as precipitation intensity, weathering and vegetation cover, as well as anthropogenic factors like agriculture and urban concentration. PCA confirmed the clustering results obtained by SOM. However, SOM provides a more detailed classification and additional insights into the dominant variables influencing the classification processes. The results of this study suggest that SOM was an effective tool for gaining a better understanding of the patterns and processes driving water quality in the Ouislane sub-watershed and provides valuable avenues for further research to establish and monitor water quality for effective management of water resources.

An Appraisal Of The Impact Of Leachates From A Waste Dumpsite On Coastal Soils And Groundwater System Of The Metropolitan Area Of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria

Open dump being the common waste disposal practice in most of the urban centres has posed serious challenges to groundwater quality especially within its vicinity. This study assessed the impact of solid waste disposal on the quality of groundwater and soils in Oke-Odo area of Metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. Field physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperature were measured using PC Testre Model 35. A total of 36 water samples, two leachate samples and 15 soil samples were analyzed for their major ions and trace metal components using titration and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods. Results revealed a decrease in concentrations of trace and major elements with respect to their distance from the waste dumpsite. A decrease in concentrations of Fe was observed with distances from the dumpsite with values ranging from 12.6 to 0.03mg/l and 4.3 to 0.03mg/l for samples within 500 m and 500-1,500 m, respectively. With exception of a few locations having higher concentrations of Fe, Al, Br, Cu, Mn and Pb, the groundwater sources in the study area are chemically potable with respect to their chemical compositions and generally conform to the World Health Organization and the Nigerian Standard for drinking Water Quality standards for drinking water; and thus, fit for domestic purposes. Sodium adsorption ratio ranges between 0.82 and 5.80 %, indicating low sodium and medium to high salinity hazards. This implies suitability of the water for irrigation purpose. The leachate from the active part of the waste dumpsite showed high concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb (4 mg/l), Cd (0.7 mg/l), Zn (6.54 mg/l) and Cu (3.57 mg/l), which indicates a potential environmental risk. The absence of these metals in the groundwater can be attributed to the attenuating role of the soil above the water table as confirmed by higher concentration of the measured trace metals in comparison to the control sites, with values ranging from 280 to 636 mg/l for Pb, 2 to 9.9 mg/l for Cd, 1041 to 10,000 mg/l for Zn and 102 to 1,307 mg/l for Cu. A total of 66.6 % of soil samples havevery high degree of contamination while 33.3% is considerably contaminated. Hydrochemical characterization of the water revealed predominant Na-K-Cl end-member water type and Ca-Mg-Cl water type which could be attributed to the influence of leachate from the waste dumpsite and possible contribution of seawater from the adjoining lagoons and cation exchange process. This study has revealed that soils and groundwater quality within the vicinity of Oke-Odo dumpsite has been impacted minimally.

Water demand and supply under future water development and climate change scenarios in the upper Blue Nile basin

ABSTRACT Integrated methodological approaches to analyzing water demand and supply under changing scenarios in a river basin are crucial for managing water resources. To better understand the influence of socioeconomic and climate change on water supply, this study employed an integrated methodological approach that included the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) hydrology and the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) models. Water development scenarios were created for two time periods: near future (2021–2040) and full development (2041–2060). During the current account period, water for irrigation delivery was balanced, and existing hydropower facilities generated energy at full capacity (3,159 GWh). However, irrigation water supply in the near future and full development scenarios shows a shortfall (267 Mm3 and 594 Mm3 under RCP4.5, and 213 Mm3 and 611 Mm3 under RCP8.5, respectively). Despite the basin's energy production will increase during the scenario periods, under-construction and planned hydropower plants are predicted to operate at less than full capacity (44,921 GWh under RCP4.5 and 44,539 GWh under RCP8.5). The study concluded that climate change-induced water availability and irrigation expansion would contribute to the water supply-demand mismatch. As a result, water resource management is required to increase water availability, minimize water demand, and reduce unmet demand.

Geochemical assessment of groundwater quality for domestic, irrigation and industrial purposes: a tool for environmental monitoring and assessment in a semiarid region of eastern Maharashtra, India

The hydrochemistry of groundwater in the Mann River basin, situated in eastern Maharashtra, was investigated through laboratory analysis with the aim of determining its suitability for consumption, agriculture, and industry. A total of 43 groundwater samples were collected from bore wells and dug wells across the basin for evaluation. Parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), and various cations and anions were examined in comparison with established standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Piper diagram analysis revealed that a significant portion of the samples fell into the CaMgHCO3 hydrochemical facies, while the Gibbs diagram suggested rock dominance in most samples. The drinking water quality index was calculated based on 11 parameters, with 52% of the samples falling into the excellent water category. The irrigation suitability assessment was based on parameters like the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (%Na), and permeability index (PI), revealing that the majority of the samples were appropriate for irrigation. Moreover, assessments of industrial suitability rely on factors such as the Langelier saturation index (LSI) and Ryznar stability index (RSI) to estimate corrosion potential, with most samples showing a high propensity for corrosion and calcium carbonate deposition. Binary correlation effects were observed, suggesting that the presence of one physiochemical parameter could influence others. GIS-based maps were generated to precisely assess corrosion indices for effectively monitoring and managing water quality in the study area. This study is crucial as it evaluates the groundwater quality for its suitability for drinking, agriculture, and industry. It identifies groundwater’s chemical characteristics, irrigation potential, and corrosion risks, offering key insights for water management, ensuring safe consumption, and supporting agricultural and industrial applications.

Innovative Solar Water Pump with Automatic Water Level Regulator for Efficiency Rice Field Irrigation

Nowadays, most of human activities are related to the use of technology. The invention of various innovative ideas that simplify human life is essential. One of the uses advancement technologies can applied in agricultural field, especially for irrigation processes since it becomes the critical step in agricultural activity since it ensures that plants receive an adequate water. Due to the importance of irrigation, this community service activity aimed to provide information on how to build a solar pump for irrigation purposes and implement an innovative solar water pump with automatic water level control to improve the efficiency of irrigation of rice fields in Bekiung Village. The system is designed using solar panels as the main energy source, minimizing dependence on conventional electricity and fossil fuels. With the integration of water level sensor and automatic control system, the pump is able to adjust the water supply in real-time based on the actual needs of rice plants. Field tests show that the system is able to provide water consistently and efficiently, reducing water and energy wastage. The implementation of this technology not only improves irrigation efficiency, but also supports environmentally friendly sustainable agriculture. The results of this study are expected to serve as a model for other villages facing similar challenges in irrigation water management.

Geothermal aided advanced desalination of highly saline water: From technology development to seasonal impact optimization

Access to clean drinking water is a critical global imperative, particularly in regions facing water scarcity. The present study aims to explore a sustainable approach for enhancing water quality by desalinating geothermal water which is extracted from a geothermal hotspot at Dholera, Gujarat. Since there is a shortage of clean and potable water in the area, it is advisable to use this renewable resource for drinking and irrigation purpose after treatment through a suitable method powered by organic rankine cycle (ORC) which not only serves the aim of sustainable approach but also has minimum environmental impact. The investigation illustrates fabrication and demonstration of geothermal-aided desalination unit and its plant set up at the study area for qualitative desalination of highly saline water. The system's performance is evaluated for seasonal variations in geothermal water, both before and after desalination. Results shows a significant reduction in contaminants, with decrease in salinity by 95.30% and total dissolved solids (TDS) by 96.91%. The novelty of this approach lies in salt extraction from the by-product of rejected water, contributing to resource recovery. This approach demonstrates an environmentally friendly and sustainable solution to address water scarcity in the region which is aligned with sustainable development goals (SDGs). The process's effectiveness for implementation is suggested by the strong p-values (all <0.001). Additionally, the Cohen's d values, which are noticeably high across all parameters, indicate strong effect sizes ensuring desalination's viability for practical uses such as irrigation and safe drinking.

Assessment of physiochemical parameters of the Tawi River of Jammu and Kashmir, India for drinking and agricultural purposes

ABSTRACT Water is one of the essential components and nature's significant segment that provides substantial support to sustain life. The main aim of this study is to assess the ecological strategy of the Tawi River, Jammu &amp; Kashmir, India for drinking and irrigation purposes. The Tawi River is one of the central lifelines of Jammu city. In this study, physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, complete alkalinity, EC, sodium, hardness, potassium, and chlorides are considered to analyze the quality of the Tawi River water. These critical parameters affecting water quality were examined in conformity to IS 10500:2012 that had aligned with the international standards such as EU directives (80/778/EEC), Council directives (98/83/EC), USEPA standard (EPA 816-F-02-013), and WHO guidelines (3rd Edition Vol. 1, 2008). Besides WQI quantification and examination, the quality of water is also segregated through different quality classes for accurate information. It is observed that many significant parameters are beyond the prescribed permissible limits indicating the unsuitability of water for household consumption without proper treatment. On the other hand, examination of parameters such as SAR, MH, KR, PI, and %Na indicates that the quality of the Tawi River water is, however, reasonable for irrigation purposes.

Evaluation of Groundwater Resources and Their Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Al-Marj City, NE Libya

Evaluation of Groundwater Resources and Their Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Al-Marj City, NE Libya

Application of geospatial and machine learning algorithms to predict (under certain limitations) the quality of groundwater used for irrigation purposes

ABSTRACT The main objective of the present study is to evaluate groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in the central-western part of Haryana state (India). For this, 272 groundwater samples were collected during the pre- and post-monsoon periods in 2022. Several indices, including SAR, PI, Na%, KR, magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), and IWQI were derived. The results of SAR, Na%, and KR values indicate that the groundwater is generally suitable for irrigation. On the other hand, PI and MAR exceeded the established limits, primarily showing issues related to salinity and magnesium content in the groundwater. Furthermore, according to the IWQI classification, 47.06 and 25% of the total collected samples fell under the ‘severe restriction for irrigation’ category during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Spatial variation maps indicate that water quality in the western portion of the study area is unsuitable for irrigation during both periods. Three ML algorithms, namely RF, SVM, and XGBoost were integrated and validated to predict the IWQI. The results revealed that the XGBoost with random search achieves the best prediction performances. The approaches established in this study have been confirmed to be cost-effective and feasible for groundwater quality, using hydrochemical parameters as input variables, and highly beneficial for water resource planning and management.