Irrigation Performance Research Articles

Assessment of Irrigation Performance by Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Naryanpur Command Area, India

Assessment of irrigation performance for any irrigation scheme becomes necessary to know about effectiveness in terms of its operational management and socio-economic impacts. This study will focus on the performance assessment parameters computed using meteorological, optical datasets, and ground measurements for the Narayanpur Command Area. Net crop area is calculated for both Kharif and Rabi seasons using Optical Datasets for 2018-19. Atmospherically calibrated Sentinel 2 MSI images were used to identify major crop types by using supervised algorithms. Actual and Potential Evapotranspiration was also computed from meteorological datasets for the same duration. The surface Energy Balance algorithm was used for calculating potential Evapotranspiration. Crop water stress index and crop coefficient were computed and multiplied with potential evapotranspiration for getting actual evapotranspiration. It was observed that the actual evapotranspiration for both Kharif and Rabi crops varied from 700 mm to 1550 mm. The temporal scale for each growth stage was evaluated to analyse operational performance based on the growth phase of major crops grown in the Narayanpur command area. For performance assessment, depleted fraction, relative evapotranspiration, and relative water supply index were calculated. Most of the growth stages' depleted fractions varied from 0.6 to 0.9 and relative evapotranspiration varied from 0.7 to 0.92. The relative water supply for Kharif was estimated as 1.05 and for Rabi, it was 0.69.

A framework for irrigation performance assessment using WaPOR data: the case of a sugarcane estate in Mozambique

Abstract. The growing competition for finite land and water resources and the need to feed an ever-growing population require new techniques to monitor the performance of irrigation schemes and improve land and water productivity. Datasets from FAO's portal to monitor Water Productivity through Open access Remotely sensed derived data (WaPOR) are increasingly applied as a cost-effective means to support irrigation performance assessment and identify possible pathways for improvement. This study presents a framework that applies WaPOR data to assess irrigation performance indicators, including uniformity, equity, adequacy, and land and water productivity differentiated by irrigation method (furrow, sprinkler, and centre pivot) at the Xinavane sugarcane estate, Mozambique. The WaPOR data on water, land, and climate are in near-real time and spatially distributed, with the finest spatial resolution in the area of 100 m. The WaPOR data were first validated agronomically by examining the biomass response to water, and then the data were used to systematically analyse seasonal indicators for the period 2015 to 2018 on ∼8000 ha. The WaPOR-based yield estimates were found to be comparable to the estate-measured yields with ±20 % difference, a root mean square error of 19±2.5 t ha−1 and a mean absolute error of 15±1.6 t ha−1. A climate normalization factor that enables the spatial and temporal comparison of performance indicators are applied. The assessment highlights that in Xinavane no single irrigation method performs the best across all performance indicators. Centre pivot compared to sprinkler and furrow irrigation shows higher adequacy, equity, and land productivity but lower water productivity. The three irrigation methods have excellent uniformity (∼94 %) in the four seasons and acceptable adequacy for most periods of the season except in 2016, when a drought was observed. While this study is done for sugarcane in one irrigation scheme, the approach can be broadened to compare other crops across fields or irrigation schemes across Africa with diverse management units in the different agroclimatic zones within FAO WaPOR coverage. We conclude that the framework is useful for assessing irrigation performance using the WaPOR dataset.

Determining a reasonable distance of collecting irrigation data for real‐time management of furrow irrigation

AbstractOne basis for the real‐time management of furrow irrigation is to estimate the infiltration parameters and Manning roughness, which can represent the furrow condition as early as possible. Closed‐end furrow irrigation experiments were conducted on 45 fields on the Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi province, China. The infiltration parameters of the Kostiakov equation and Manning roughness were estimated according to multipoint advance trajectory and upstream end water depth at four advance distances (50%, 60%, 70%, and 100% of furrow length; i.e., 0.5 L, 0.6 L, 0.7 L, and 1.0 L, respectively). The estimated infiltration parameter and Manning roughness were then input into WinSRFR to evaluate their effects on furrow irrigation and determine a reasonable distance for collecting multipoint advance trajectory and upstream end water depth. The results indicated that the estimated infiltration parameters and Manning roughness by multipoint advance trajectory and upstream end water depth at 0.6 L or later were highly consistent with the measured values. Except for the upstream end water depth, the mean absolute percentage errors between the simulated advance trajectory, irrigation performance, and applied water volume with measured values were lower than 10% for all furrow irrigation experiments. Therefore, the reasonable distance for collecting irrigation data should not be less than 0.6 L.

Behind the efficiency of border irrigation: Lesson learned in Northern Italy

Border irrigation is one of the most ancient but, at the same time, still widely applied irrigation methods across the world. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of the method, the water volumes involved are often difficult to measure and this implies a large uncertainty in the estimation of water use efficiency. In this study, we analyze the results of an extensive monitoring campaign, which was carried out over the agricultural season 2021 and was aimed at detecting the actual performance of border irrigation in different experimental fields located in the Padana plain (i.e. the largest irrigated plain in the EU). In particular, three maize fields characterized by different soil textures, irrigation scheduling and rainfall conditions were considered. The number of irrigation events, their duration, and the water amounts applied were examined and compared with the actual crop water requirements assessed by using the AquaCrop-OS agro-hydrological model. The performance of border irrigation, evaluated through a water use efficiency indicator, was assessed for the monitored agricultural season, as well as simulated over the last 28 years (1993–2020) to detect potential effects of different weather conditions. The main results show that the flow rate applied during each irrigation event ranges from 11 to 18 l s−1 per unit width (m) of the irrigated strip, whereas the irrigation event duration varies between 80 and 130 min ha−1 and substantially reflects the irrigation flow rate and the plot slope, the latter being variable between 2‰ and 7‰. The water use efficiency is highly dependent on the irrigation management, namely the flowrate and the scheduling of the irrigation events, with a minimum value of 16% and a maximum of 56%. The same range of efficiency was obtained for the last 28 years, mainly as a consequence of the application of a rigid irrigation scheduling determined by the rotation period. These findings provide useful information for improving the management of border irrigation in practice, and, more specifically, to understand what margin of improvement can be obtained in terms of water use efficiency, both under current conditions and in view of future increasing freshwater scarcity.

Effects of Irrigation Water Sufficiency on Water Fee Collection Rate in Uganda’s Large-Scale Paddy Irrigation Schemes

Improving irrigation performance is crucial for increased agricultural productivity. As an indicator of performance, among other factors, improving the water Fees Collection Rate (FCR) is required, but FCR has remained low in most African and Asian countries. In this research, taking the Doho rice scheme in Uganda as a case study, we analyzed the relationship between water sufficiency and FCR. We hypothesized that FCR is influenced by the hydraulic position of the paddy field along the canal. We then used quantitative data for analysis through multiple regression. Later we used qualitative data obtained through interviews for additional explanations of water management activities. As a result, the FCR decreases from upstream to downstream at block, strip, and plot levels; the FCR decreases linearly with an increase in the delivery canal length; the FCR is higher in strips with fewer plots, and FCR is higher within the rotational irrigation blocks. We concluded that inadequate water supply due to high hydraulic positions resulted in low FCR downstream at all the canal levels. To improve FCR, we recommend blending water management activities that secure farmers’ agreement with onsite technical measures to counter the effect of hydraulic positions such as shorter strips and rotational irrigation.

Study of irrigation performance index in Saba irrigation area

Saba Irrigation Area is located in Gerokgak and Seririt District, Buleleng regency, Bali. The assessment of the irrigation performance index is required to maintain the value of irrigation asset function and condition. Some problems occur in the irrigation area from the standard area of 1548 ha, but the productive land is around 889 ha or about 57% of the standard area. The problems were found in the irrigation canal, which hampered the performance of irrigation downstream, where water cannot flow to rice fields. The wet cross-section of the channel is covered by sediment. Even at several locations, the sediment height has the same elevation as the surrounding surface. The purpose of this study is to obtain value in the form of an assessment index on the primary and secondary irrigation systems, which will be classified into their respective components. Furthermore, rehabilitation priority is determined using the decision-making method with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). The assessment of irrigation performance index scored 62.94% consisting of physical infrastructure 29.28%; crop productivity 7.24%; supporting facilities 4.95%; personnel organization 10.75%; documentation 3.40%; and water user associations 7.33%. Determining the rehabilitation priority using the AHP method and ANP method showed the same results, i.e. physical infrastructure in rank 1, personnel organization in rank 2, crop productivity in rank 3, water user associations in rank 4, supporting facilities in rank 5, and documentation in rank 6. Determination of the selected rehabilitation in the physical infrastructure aspect is the sub-aspect of irrigation channels. Irrigation channels get the highest score with the worst damage conditions from all sub-aspects.

Spatial variability assessment of irrigation performance in the Lower Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project (LUSIP) in Eswatini

Spatial variability assessment of irrigation performance in the Lower Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project (LUSIP) in Eswatini

Performance of Drip and Mist Irrigation to Supply Water for Vegetable

Irrigation or water use for agriculture is the biggest water consumer. Reducing water use for irrigation means significantly to water saving. Drip and mist irrigations are methods of water application which consume water more efficiently and more agriculture products produce from same amount of water. This research aimed to assess performance off drip irrigation and mist irrigation to supply irrigation water for vegetables. The vegetables cultivated were spinach, mustard, and water spinach. The indicators employed were discharge, uniformity, dan water productivity. The research results showed that average discharges of drip and mist irrigations were 0.0056 litre/second and 0.0012 litre/second, respectively. The uniformity was measured using distribution uniformity (DU) and Christiansen uniformity index (CU). The DU of drip and mist irrigations were 0.84 and 0.76, respectively. The CU of drip and mist irrigations were 0.76 and 0.82, respectively. The biomass water productivities of spinach, mustard, and water spinach irrigated with drip irrigation were 2.23, 9.51, and 7.92, respectively. The biomass water productivities of spinach, mustard, and water spinach irrigated with mist irrigation were 0.98, 8.70, and 9.10, respectively.

Analysis of Water User Associations in Asi Basin with Irrigation Performance Indicators and TOPSIS Method

Bu çalışma kapsamında Asi havzasında bulunan sulama birliklerinin performansları 2013-2017 yılları verileri ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizde performans göstergeleri ve TOPSİS yöntemi ile sulama birliklerinin başarıları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada sulama alanına dağıtılan yıllık sulama suyu miktarı 14681-2318 m3 ha-1 arasında değişmiş, sulanan alana dağıtılan yıllık sulama suyu miktarı 17715-2678 m3 ha-1, yıllık su temin oranı 0.29-1.61 arasında hesaplanmış, sulama oranı %48–111 aralığında değişmiştir. Mali yeterlilik oranı %18-86 arasında değişirken, bakım-onarım masraflarının gelire oranı %9–181, sulama alanına düşen işletme-bakım ve yönetim masrafları 49.17-343.75 $ ha-1, su ücreti toplama performansı değeri %24-83, sulama alanına düşen enerji masrafları 0-233.96 $ ha-1, sulanan alana düşen enerji masrafları 0–394.94 $ ha-1 ve sulama suyu miktarına karşılık enerji masrafları 0–0.03494 $ m-3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sulama alanı üretim değeri 1509–7398 $ ha-1, sulanan alan üretim değeri 1948–11262 $ ha-1, şebekeye alınan sulama suyuna karşılık üretim değeri 0.190–2.019 $ m-3 ve bitki su ihtiyacına karşılık üretim değeri 0.203–0.950 $ m-3 olarak saptanmıştır. TOPSİS yöntemi ile analizde su kullanım başarısı %6-100, finansal başarı %15-80 ve üretim başarısı %0-100 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak sulama birliklerinin başarısında üretim değeri ve işletme bakım giderleri önemli rol oynamaktadır.

Assessing the Performance of Irrigation Systems in Large Scale Urban Parks: Application to the Case of Valdebebas, Madrid (Spain)

This paper presents a novel approach to assess spatial and temporal irrigation performance in urban parks and can assist park manager/operator decisions in irrigation management. First, irrigation needs are estimated by traditional irrigation scheduling and the irrigation zones with similar water needs that share the same electric valve (hydrozones) are identified. Then, irrigation performance is calculated using the relative water supply (RWS) indicator and mapped (GIS software). This approach can be adapted to various spatial and temporal scales. In this study, it was applied to the Valdebebas urban development VBB (Madrid) between the 2017 and 2019 irrigation seasons. The results for the VBB parks showed high spatio-temporal variation in irrigation performance among plant typologies within an irrigation season, which can be explained by the landscape coefficient KL variation across the parks. Likewise, this variation was also observed among the three evaluated seasons; explained among other factors by differences in irrigation management. For each hydrozone, the estimation of the NDVI index by Sentinel-2A satellite images in 2019 showed a threshold on irrigation performance. Thus, the remote sensing data together with the proposed approach can be a valuable tool for helping park managers/technicians adopt better decisions on irrigation practices.

Performance evaluation of furrow irrigation water management practice under Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate condition, in Central Ethiopia

Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE) is one of the large-scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia which was established in 1951. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of current furrow irrigation water management practices of WSSE. Performance evaluation of the current furrow irrigation was evaluated based on field experiment and the WinSRFR model. For this purpose, ten fields were selected from commonly used furrow lengths (32, 48, and 64 m). Application efficiency, distribution uniformity, and deep percolation performance indicators were used for evaluation. The performance of furrow irrigation showed poor performance, and as an improvement option, inflow rate and cutoff time were altered keeping furrow geometry constant. Advance and recession times for all furrow lengths were recorded and simulated using the WinSRFR model to obtain an accurate cutoff time of irrigation. The result obtained showed that the time allocated for all furrow lengths was not accurately determined. As an improvement option, both inflow rate and cutoff time changed and the performance of furrow irrigation significantly improved. By changing those decision variables, application efficacy and deep percolation performance indicators were significantly improved but distribution uniformity was not changed. In almost all statistical indices used, predicted performances by model were better than computed values in the existing situation. From the current result, it can be concluded that the inflow rate and cutoff time should be changed to attain good performance and increase furrow irrigation efficiency.

Impact of a transformation from flood to drip irrigation on groundwater recharge and nitrogen leaching under variable climatic conditions

The sustainability of agriculture in the Mediterranean climate is challenged by high irrigation water demands and nitrogen fertilizer losses to the environment, causing significant pressure on groundwater resources and groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Advanced irrigation technologies and improved fertilizer management have been promoted as key solutions to reduce the agricultural impact on aquatic systems. However, it remains unclear how different irrigation-fertilizer practices perform on the long-term under a highly variable climate, such as the Mediterranean one. Here, we conduct hydrological simulations over a fifty-year period to quantify the magnitude and dynamics of groundwater recharge and nitrogen leaching under five real-case irrigation-fertilizer practices observed in Valencia (eastern Spain). The Valencian Region is the largest citrus-producing region of Europe and current irrigation-fertilizer practices reflect the ongoing transformation of irrigation systems from flood to drip irrigation. Our simulations highlight three major implications of the irrigation transformation for groundwater resources. First, the transformation from flood to drip irrigation reduces the recharge fraction (19% vs. 16%) and especially the nitrogen leaching fraction (33% vs. 18%) on the long term. Second, the long-term performance of the two irrigation practices is subject to substantial inter-annual differences controlled by precipitation variability. The sensitivity of recharge and nitrogen leaching to annual meteorological conditions is stronger in drip irrigation, which eventually leads to a similar performance of flood and drip irrigation in wet years if fertilizer inputs are similar. Third, we identify a pronounced year-to-year nitrogen memory in the soil, whereby an enhanced (decreased) nitrogen leaching is observed after anomalously dry (wet) years, affecting the performance of irrigation-fertilizer practices. Overall, the study demonstrates the highly variable nature of the performance of irrigation-fertilizer practices, and the major findings can guide future efforts in designing sustainable water management strategies for agricultural areas with a Mediterranean climate.

Study on Optimization of Irrigation and Drainage Systems in Jombatan Village

The development and management of irrigation infrastructure from a historical perspective is closely related to national food security. In infrastructure management, irrigation must meet the needs of farmers. Every plant needs sufficient water to increase agricultural productivity and farmer's welfare. Meeting water needs requires adequate irrigation and drainage channels in each area. One of them is Jombatan Village, which is a village located in Kesamben District, Jombang Regency. Optimising the performance of irrigation and drainage channels in Jombatan Village requires a concrete step. This irrigation and drainage literature review discuss optimising the performance of irrigation and drainage channels.
 All irrigation and drainage canal buildings have the same conditions; namely, the walls of the buildings are overgrown by plants and moss, some of the walls of the canal buildings are damaged due to the lack of strength of the building structure. The effectiveness of irrigation and drainage channels in Jombatan Village is still not optimal because infrastructure maintenance is still lacking, and community knowledge is still lacking.

A two-directional calculation model for the combination uniformity coefficient of an impact sprinkler

An impact sprinkler loaded on a remote control trailer can be used for motion to improve the efficiency of a single Hard Hose Traveler in small and medium-sized irregular fields. Herein, a model for calculating the combination uniformity coefficient (CU) was established in the square test area under two-directional motion. The accuracy of the irrigation uniformity model was verified using the test data of application depth ( hn). The results revealed that the nozzle diameter, speed of sprinkler motion ( v), and motion methods can significantly impact the average application depth ([Formula: see text]) and the CU value of sprinkler irrigation performance. The motion methods included uniform motion and a constant speed combination motion. The highest CU values were recorded when the primary and secondary nozzle diameters were 10.5 and 4.5 mm, respectively (overall value, about 81.7%). The CU value gradually decreased with the increasing v value of the sprinkler. The CU value was higher under the constant speed combination motion than the uniform motion. The [Formula: see text] value gradually decreased with increasing v value. The [Formula: see text] value was classified based on the water requirement of different crops. The optimal CU value corresponding to each grade of the [Formula: see text] value was obtained in different schemes of the combination of sprinkler speeds. This research guides the realization of variable spraying of a Hard Hose Traveler and the intelligent uniform motion of the sprinklers.

Performance Evaluation and Water Availability of Canal Irrigation Scheme in Punjab Pakistan

The supply of surface water by century-old infrastructure causes substantial water loss and triggers huge abstractions of groundwater, resulting in low irrigation efficiency. We evaluated the irrigation performance (application and conveyance efficiencies) and water availability (supply-demand) from the field to the Mungi Distributary canal level in Punjab, Pakistan. Between April–September 2019 and 2020, we monitored water delivery in the canal network, soil moisture content in cotton fields, and the canal and groundwater quality. The crops’ actual evapotranspiration was estimated using the AquaCrop model. We found conveyance efficiencies >90% for minor distributaries, 70–89% for watercourses, and ~75% for field ditches per kilometer. Field application efficiency was >90% for drip and ~35% for flood basin, whereas for raised-bed furrow, conventional furrow, and ridge-furrow irrigation methods, it varied between 44% and 83%. The deficits of canal water supply versus demand for cotton fields ranged from 45% to 73%, whereas the Mungi Distributary canal water showed a 68.6% and 19.8% shortfall in the April–September and October–March seasons of 2018/2019, respectively. The study suggests prioritizing improvements to field water application rather than canals with better water quality; additionally, surplus water from the Mungi canal in November and December could be stored for later use.

EVALUASI KINERJA JARINGAN UTAMA DAERAH IRIGASI JEURAM KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA

Irrigation infrastructure does not last long without being supported by continuous maintenance activities as the age of water building grows in irrigation networks. To maintain a sustainable irrigation system an irrigation management system is needed starting from the main building, the primary network to the secondary network. Irrigation Performance is an indicator in order to describe an irrigation system management, performance appraisal according to Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 12/PRT/M/2015 concerning Exploitation and Maintenance of Irrigation Networks is carried out on 6 (six) parameters, namely : Physical Infrastructure, Planting Productivity, Facilities Support, Personnel Organization, Documentation and Water User Farmers Association. The objective of this study was to conduct a performance assessment of D.I Jeuram through observing the condition of irrigation networks and analyzing the irrigation network condition data from the implementing agency D.I Jeuram and information from the P3A as a reference for the performance of D.I Jeuram. The results of this study show that the performance of the Jeuram Irrigation Area in terms of physical and non-physical aspects has a performance index of 69.36%, so that the performance of the Jeuram Irrigation Area falls into the less performance category and needs attention, so efforts to improve performance in Irrigation Areas are suggested. Jeuram, namely the aspect of physical infrastructure consists of routine maintenance activities from the main building to the final secondary canal (B.Jr.30), periodic maintenance includes replacement of the operating board and measuring ruler on the weir, replacement of missing door parts in weir drains, bag draining periodic mud, replacement of 16 door units at Jeuram Kanan and 6 door units at Jeuram Kiri, heavy rehabilitation in buildings tapping B.Jr.9, B.Jr.13, BU.1 and BU.2, and constructing drain inlets in sections carrier channel that functions as a waster. Efforts to improve the performance of aspects of non-physical infrastructure consist of providing adequate facilities for offices, housing and OM implementation warehouses, providing complete irrigation Area data at branch offices and conducting routine meetings related to OM implementation and cropping patterns. With this, the value of the performance of the irrigation system is obtained with a reliable, and which will later become a reference for the management of irrigation networks as a whole.

Pilot electrochemical prevention of reclaimed water irrigation clogging: Function interactions and microbial metabolism

Clogging is a critical issue for unconventional water irrigation. Here, we report an in situ pilot electrochemical device to efficient prevent and control clogging induced from a reclaimed water drip irrigation system. The low-voltage electrochemical up-flow reactor (905 L) was connected with a drip irrigation performance test platform setting up light and heavy clogging degrees for the continuous operation over 624 h. The fluctuation of water quality indicators (pH, alkalinity, hardness, Cl−) displayed positive treatment effect on chemical clogging, and the sterilization rate was as high as 98.42%. Treated water circulated the whole system that maintained a discharge ratio variation (Dra) of 84.7%, and Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) of 95.4% in light clogging meanwhile recovered 32.5% and 14.9% in heavy clogging, respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed interactions between water quality indices and microorganisms in reclaimed water. Especially, Cl− was closely related to microorganisms at the initial stage (<336 h) while pH and alkalinity occupied an obvious effect at the 672 h. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database systematically reflected the metabolic shift of planktonic cells under electrochemical treatment, further revealing antimicrobial and antifouling mechanisms of bio-clogging. Downregulation of biosynthesis of oxidative phosphorylation, ABC transporters and ribosomes indicated the gradually reduced cytoactive of microorganisms. The dramatic downregulation of cell motility evidenced the weakened ability of cells to translocate onto a solid substrate surface.

Performance of Groundwater Irrigation System as Perceived by Farmers in West Bengal

In spite of being the most fundamental stakeholder, farmers often receive least attention for assessment of irrigation performance. Present study assessed the performance of groundwater irrigation systems being managed by water user associations (WUAs) in Burdwan (East) district of West Bengal from the perspectives of farmers during the year 2019. A random sample of 120 famers under four groundwater irrigation systems perceived that most of the parameters of irrigation performance in term of irrigation service utility at a higher level with mean perception score &gt;4.0 except for the certainty of water delivery (2.67) leading to overall mean perception score 4.12 in kharif season. Farmers perceived similarly in rabi season with overall mean perception score 4.15; however, the overall perception of farmers regarding irrigation in summer season was relatively low (3.78). Overall irrigation performances under the jurisdiction of WUAs was perceived very good by all the farmers for all three seasons with index values more than 93 per cent. The farmers’ participation in irrigation management has helped in better water management that advocates for promoting participatory irrigation management through WUAs in all the minor irrigation systems to overcome low irrigation efficiency and other management constraints being faced in irrigated areas.

Use of Multi-Method Approach for a Gravity Irrigation Network Diagnosis: Case of Karfiguela Paddy Field in Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso is an agricultural and landlocked country whose agriculture is dependent on climatic hazards. Irrigated agriculture therefore appears as an alternative to secure, intensify and sustainably increase agricultural production. However, irrigation systems in Burkina Faso suffer from numerous technical, organizational, land and structural problems, which strongly undermine their performance. This is the case of the irrigated perimeter of Karfiguéla which since its development in 1977, has experienced insufficient water. This research has contributed to the reflection on the performance and operation of gravity irrigation networks on the irrigated perimeter in Burkina Faso and the contribution of satellite images in the mapping of irrigated perimeters. Then, an approach based on a mapping of hydraulic networks and on four main diagnostic methods were used: 1) mapping of hydraulic networks, 2) a detailed visual inspection of hydraulic infrastructure, 3) estimation of canals’ hydraulic efficiency, 4) surveys of the various actors involved in the management of the perimeter. These methods lead to the same results concerning the state of degradation and the functioning of irrigation networks in wet seasons. In terms of results, Karfiguéla perimeter has a net area of 360 ha and is supplied by a network made up of a supply canal, a primary canal, four (4) secondary canals, 37 tertiary ones, and quaternary ones for plots of water supply, all in ordinary concrete except the quaternary which are in rammed soil. The efficiency of the canals in the rainy season, greater than 100%, shows that the irrigation network during this period functions as a drainage network while the real drainage network is disorderly and non-functional. The damage to the irrigation network, siltation, grassing, erosion, overturning, large cracks and many others are all the more severe as we advance toward the Quaternary. The Strickler roughness coefficient values of the order of 68 for the feeder, 47 for the primary, between 32 and 52 for the secondaries and 31 for the tertiaries also reflect a high degradation of the channels. Upkeep and maintenance are rare and generally poorly executed. Improving the performance of irrigation on the perimeter requires a complete rehabilitation of the hydraulic network, the reinforcement of the management and maintenance capacity of the operators’ works and the search for a water resource complementary to the Comoé River to support irrigation, for example, the exploitation of the alluvial aquifer which unfolds under the perimeter and is easily accessible through rudimentary wells and sumps. All this is essential to ensure the sustainability of the rice-growing activity, which has a concentration of nearly 1200 farmers.

Evaluation and Optimization of Surge and Alternate Furrow Irrigation Performance in Maize Fields Using the Winsrfr Software

Evaluation and Optimization of Surge and Alternate Furrow Irrigation Performance in Maize Fields Using the Winsrfr Software