Irregular Cavity Research Articles

Influence of Heat Generation/Absorption on Natural Convection of Nanofluids in an Inclined Irregular Cavity Filled with Porous Medium

Influence of Heat Generation/Absorption on Natural Convection of Nanofluids in an Inclined Irregular Cavity Filled with Porous Medium

Hysteroscopy findings and its correlation with latent endometrial tuberculosis in infertility

In India, 5 to 18 % of females attending infertility clinics are diagnosed to be suffering from genital tuberculosis. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of endometrial tuberculosis in infertility and its correlation with hysteroscopic changes. Patients attending infertility clinic with history of more than 2 years of unexplained infertility, failure to conceive in spite of successful ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility, and secondary infertility with a history of unexplained abortion or ectopic pregnancy were included in the study. In all the 105 cases, hysteroscopy was done, and the endometrium was subjected to DNA-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Hysteroscopy features were compared in tuberculosis positive (39 %) and negative (61 %) cases for correlation. Tuberculosis was detected in 43.75 % of ostial and periostial fibrosis, 48.48 % of intrauterine fibrosis, and 66.67 % of the irregular cavity surface. A complete 6-month course of antitubercular treatment was given to the tuberculosis positive cases among which 39 % conceived without any additional treatment. The pregnancy rate of 64.7 % in secondary infertility and 20.8 % in primary infertility was very much promising. Tuberculosis is one of the major etiological factors in female infertility in developing countries. Preliminary assessment by hysteroscopy followed by PCR testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis will detect it early. Subsequent antitubercular treatment may reverse the reproductive capability and prevent permanent damage to the female reproductive organs.

Unusual Presentation of Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of Lung as a Thin-Walled Cavity

Most thin-walled cavities in the lung are benign lesions, but a few cases of lung cancer can have this unusual pattern. All previously reported cases were adenocarcinomas. Here we report a case of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the lung presenting as a thin-walled cavity with a smooth inner surface. LELC is more commonly seen in Southeast Asia, including Taiwan, and its gross picture is usually a solid mass with a round, circumscribed border, which is indistinguishable from other non-small cell lung cancers. Asymmetric thickness of the cystic wall and lymphadenopathy are important features in the diagnosis and the selection of treatment.

Management of Pure Medial Orbital Wall Fracture With Autogenous Bone Graft

The orbit is an irregular conical cavity formed from 7 bones including the frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxillary, ethmoid, lacrimal, and palatine bones. Fractures of the internal orbit can cause a number of problems, including diplopia, ocular muscle entrapment, and enophthalmos. Although muscle entrapment is relatively rare, diplopia and enophthalmos are relatively common sequelae of internal orbital fractures. Medial orbital wall fracture is relatively uncommon and represents a challenge for its anatomical reconstruction. In this context, autogenous bone graft has been the criterion standard to provide framework for facial skeleton and orbital walls. Therefore, it is possible to harvest grafts of varying size and contour, and the operation is performed through the bicoronal incision, which is the usual approach to major orbital reconstruction. Thus, this article aimed to describe a patient with a pure medial orbital wall fracture, and it was causing diplopia and enophthalmos. The orbital fracture was treated using autogenous bone graft from calvarial bone. The authors show a follow-up of 12 months, with facial symmetry and without diplopia and enophthalmos. In addition, a computed tomography scan shows excellent bone healing at the anterior and posterior parts of the medial orbital wall reconstruction.

Strip‐fed tapered slot antenna with enhanced impedance bandwidth from 0.57 to 35 GHz

A wideband strip-fed tapered slot antenna (TSA) for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)/antenna measurements is presented. The proposed TSA consists of a full-shielded feeding transition from a SSMA-connector to a bilateral slotline and a pair of logarithmically tapered arms. An irregular slotline cavity is used for wideband impedance matching. The whole feeding structure is an all 50 Ω design without any multi-section impedance transformers that deteriorates the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna. Also, the SSMA-to-strip transition is fully shielded to avoid undesired radiation loss. Experiments show that the antenna has an extremely wide operating bandwidth and can be applied to EMC/antenna measurements.

A comparison study on the removal of suspended solids from irrigation water with pumice and sand–gravel media filters in the laboratory scale

In this study, different bed materials in media filter systems were examined. For this purpose a laboratory experiment was established to determine the solids removal efficiency, total outlet flow volume and outlet flow velocity of pumice that has numerous open spaces, vesicles and irregular cavity, sand–gravel and combination of pumice and sand–gravel. In the experiment, two different filter column diameters (150 and 200 mm) and two different inlet flow pressures (100 and 150 kPa) were used. The results show that the total outlet flow volumes increased logarithmically as the filtration test period progressed, while the outlet flow velocities and the outlet concentrations of suspended solids decreased logarithmically for all filter types. Pumice media filters provided higher total outlet flow volumes and lower solid removal efficiency in comparison with sand–gravel media filters. However, the highest average solid removal efficiency was determined by pumice plus a sand–gravel media filter at 90.5%. The average outlet flow velocity value for this filter type was 34.2 m3 h-1 m-2, which was higher than the other filter types at the same experimental conditions. Pumice plus sand–gravel media filters increased the filtration period according to the sand–gravel media filters as well.

Ultrastructure of female accessory glands in the scorpionfly Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)

The histology and ultrastructure of the female accessory glands in the scorpionfly Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng was studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. The glands consist of a pair of distal elongate gland tubes and a basal common duct, which opens in the genital cavity at the dorsal side of the genital plate. The whole gland tubes and common duct are similar histologically and ultrastructurally. The epithelium of female accessory glands consists of two cell types: the outer secretory cells and the inner duct-forming cells. These two cells that join with a cuticular duct connecting to the inner intima constitute a functional glandular unit belonging to Class 3 glandular cells of epidermal glands. The secretory cells are rich in organelles, such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex, indicating that they are active in secretion. The duct-forming cells are flattened with sparse-distributed organelles. These two kinds of cells are connected by septate junctions. The cuticular duct consists of a receiving and a conducting canal and is responsible for transferring the secretions of the secretory cell to the lumen. The receiving canal is formed of interrupted multilayered inner epicuticle and located in the irregular extracellular cavity of the secretory cell, bounded by microvilli. The conducting canal connects the inner intima and opens into the central lumen. The tentative functions of the secretions are briefly discussed.

Study on the Cavity Defects of Low-Pressure Lost Foam Casting for Magnesium Alloy

Cavity defects of low-pressure lost foam casting (LP-LFC) for magnesium alloy were investigated by using ladder samples and claviform samples.The physical feature of typical cavity defects of LP-LFC for magnesium castings had been tested by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. And the chemical constitution of cavity surface was also tseted by energy spectrometer. The result indicated that the cluster cavity defects were formed with the application of higher vacuum at the metal-mold interface, which caused the liquid-EPS residue in the castings. Some irregular shape cavity defects were caused by slag entrapment or coating slough. These cavity defects could be avoided through reducing pouring temperature, filling velocity and vacuum level, improving the permeability of coating.

THE DYNAMICALLY DISRUPTED GAP IN HD 142527

The vestiges of planet formation have been observed in debris disks harboring young and massive gaseous giants. The process of giant planet formation is terminated by the dissipation of gas in the protoplanetary disk. The gas-rich disk around HD142527 features a small inner disk, a large gap from \sim10 to \sim140AU, and a massive outer disk extending out to \sim300AU. The gap could have been carved-out by a giant planet. We have imaged the outer regions of this gap using the adaptive-optics camera NICI on Gemini South. Our images reveal that the disk is dynamically perturbed. The outer boundary of the roughly elliptical gap appears to be composed of several segments of spiral arms. The stellar position is offset by 0.17+-0.02" from the centroid of the cavity, consistent with earlier imaging at coarser resolutions. These transient morphological features are expected in the context of disk evolution in the presence of a perturbing body located inside the cavity. We perform hydro-dynamical simulations of the dynamical clearing of a gap in a disk. A 10Mjup body in a circular orbit at r = 90AU, perturbs the whole disks, even after thousands of orbits. By then the model disk has an eccentric and irregular cavity, flanked by tightly wound spiral arms, but it is still evolving far from steady state. A particular transient configuration that is a qualitative match to HD142527 is seen at 1.7Myr.

Histopathological study of splenitis in cattle induced by traumatic foreign body penetration

Aim: A detailed post mortem examination was conducted on the animal to know the cause of the death. Materials and Methods: Detailed post-mortem examination was carried out. The Impression smears from the affected organs was taken and subjected to Gram's staining technique for preliminary identification of the micro-organism. The suspected tissues were processed for histological investigation by formalin fixation and paraffin embedding technique as explained by Luna. Results: Hardware diseases in cattle are a common feature in developing countries where organized farming is still not an adopted practice of management. During post mortem examination, a case of foreign body penetration induced splenitis was encountered. A large irregular abscess cavity was found with greenish liquefactive material found wherever the foreign body had penetrated. Multiple focal abscesses were found in the parenchyma along with congestion and edema. The histopathological investigation revealed inflammation with neutrophilic liquefactive debris, mild fibrosis, vascular sclerosis, focal lymphocytolysis and numerous chains of regular sized bacilli in the parenchyma, determined to be Bacillus spp. Trauma due to foreign body is rare in spleen due to its anatomical location. Conclusion: Foreign body penetration induced splenitis was encountered. The histopathological investigation revealed inflammation with neutrophilic liquefactive debris, mild fibrosis, vascular sclerosis, focal lymphocytolysis and numerous chains of regular sized bacilli in the parenchyma, determined to be Bacillus spp.

Water-filled balloon in the postoperative resection cavity improves dose distribution to target volumes in radiotherapy of maxillary sinus carcinoma

Postoperative radiotherapy is a major treatment for patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma. However, the irregular resection cavity poses a technical difficulty for this treatment, causing uneven dose distribution to target volumes. In this study, we evaluated the dose distribution to target volumes and normal tissues in postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after placing a water-filled balloon into the resection cavity. Three postoperative patients with advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma were selected in this trial. Water-filled balloons and supporting dental stents were fabricated according to the size of the maxillary resection cavity. Simulation CT scans were performed with or without water-filled balloons, IMRT treatment plans were established, and dose distribution to target volumes and organs at risk were evaluated. Compared to those in the treatment plan without balloons, the dose (D98) delivered to 98% of the gross tumor volume (GTV) increased by 2.1 Gy (P = 0.009), homogeneity index (HI) improved by 2.3% (P = 0.001), and target volume conformity index (TCI) of 68 Gy increased by 18.5% (P = 0.011) in the plan with balloons. Dosimetry endpoints of normal tissues around target regions in both plans were not significantly different (P > 0.05) except for the optic chiasm. In the plan without balloons, 68 Gy high-dose regions did not entirely cover target volumes in the ethmoid sinus, posteromedial wall of the maxillary sinus, or surgical margin of the hard palate. In contrast, 68 Gy high-dose regions entirely covered the GTV in the plan with balloons. These results suggest that placing a water-filled balloon in the resection cavity for postoperative IMRT of maxillary sinus carcinoma can reduce low-dose regions and markedly and simultaneously increase dose homogeneity and conformity of target volumes.

Predictions of Lid-Driven Flow in a Two-Dimensional Irregular Cavity: a Numerical Study

Predictions of Lid-Driven Flow in a Two-Dimensional Irregular Cavity: a Numerical Study

CT features of lung alveolar echinococcosis

Objective To analyze the CT features of lung alveolar echinococcosis and assess the value of CT scanning for the diagnosis of this disease. Methods The CT features of lung alveolar echinococcosis in 26 patients diagnosed pathologically or clinically were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with histopathology.Results Lung alveolar echinococcosis appeared as multiple lesions bilaterally in 18 patients, as multiple lesions unilaterally in 6 patients, and as single lesion bilaterally in 2 patients. Seventeen cases presented as masses and nodules,8 patients presented as nodules,1 patient presented as a mass. Lobulation and spiculation were showed in most lesions, irregular cavity or bubble-like opacity in 13 patients,calcification in 18 patients,a patchy area or fibrotic cord around lesion in 14 patients. Pleural thickening adjacent to the lesion in 20 patients. Conclusion Lung alveolar echinococcosis has characteristic features on CT, and CT can provide important information for the diagnosis of lung alveolar echinococcosis. Key words: Echinococcosis,pulmonary; Tomography,X-ray computed

One-step Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Silicas with Multilamellar Vesicular Core and Ordered Mesostructured Shell

Abstract Hierarchically porous silicas with multilamellar vesicular core and ordered mesostructured shell have been successfully synthesized using a simple one-step method through a soft dual-templating approach. The vesicular core has irregular cavity size generally larger than 100 nm, while the pore size of the shell is 9.8 nm, which may have potential applications in loading and controlled release of large molecules.

Design of a Compact Broadband Double-Ridged Horn Antenna

A novel compact broadband double-ridged horn antenna is proposed, which is used in see-through-wall radar system. To cover the low frequency band with relatively small size, the ridge is specially designed to form an irregular cavity. The profile function of the ridges is optimized to realize compact size and wide working frequency band. The irregular cavity increases cavity length to improve the working performance of low frequency. Proposed antenna occupies just half of the length of conventional horn antenna with the same frequency band. Antenna prototype is fabricated and tested, which proves its performance. The VSWR in the whole frequency band from 800 MHz to 6 GHz is below 2.5 with average gain larger than 8 dBi. Reduction in the size of the antenna reduces the weight and cost, which is its advantage.

Biliobronchial fistula due to hydatidosis of the liver and choledocholithiasis

Biliobronchial fistula (BBF) is an abnormal communication between the biliary system and bronchial tree due to trauma, hemiheptectomy benign biliary stricture with cholangitis and necrotic hepatic infections such as hydatid disease. Intratoracic rupture of a hydatis cyst of the liver is a rare but severe complication with an incidence about 1% and mortality rate about 10%. A 50-year-old male patient presented with cough, episodes of biliary expectoration and haemoptysis followed with fever, fatigue and dyspnea. The diagnosis was set by echosonography, Chest x-ray finding, CT scan, bronchoscope aspirates while bronchography did not show results. The surgery was done through right subcostal laparotomy. A hydatid cyst was found in the right liver lobe its diameter being 10 cm, fixed with diaphragm. Intraoperative cholangiography revealed choledocholithiasis (two calculi), dilatation of bile ducts and communication of right hepatic duct with the irregular liver cavity as well as with the bronchi of the right lower pulmonary lobe. Cholecystectomy, choledocholitotomy with drainage lavage of bile ducts pericystectomy and cyst evacuation was performed, followed by diaphragm necrosectomy. The postoperative period and control cholangiography through T drain were normal. The surgical treatment has five goals: to treat the liver cyst, secure free biliary drainage, perform hepatodiaphragmatic disconection, solve intratoracic lesion and restore the diaphragm. We believe these goals could be achieved through abdominal approach except for irreversible bronchiectasis, intratoracal collection and chronic pulmonary sepsis. In any case, a surgery still remains the treatment of choice in cases of echinococcosis. Most cases can be solved by laparotomy.

A three-dimensional inverse geometry problem in estimating the space and time-dependent shape of an irregular internal cavity

A three-dimensional inverse geometry problem (or shape identification problem) to estimate the unknown space and time-dependent irregular shape of internal cavity by utilizing the gradient-based steepest descent method (SDM) and a general purpose commercial code CFD-ACE+ is considered in the present study. The validity of the present inverse algorithm is examined based on the simulated measured temperature distributions on the outer surface by an imaginary infrared scanner. The advantage of calling CFD-ACE+ as a subroutine in this shape identification problem lies in its characteristics of automatic mesh generation since this function of CFD-ACE+ enables the easily-handling of the moving boundary problem. Two numerical test cases are performed to test the validity and accuracy of the present shape identification algorithm by using different types of cavity shapes, initial guesses and measurement errors. Results show that excellent estimations on the unknown geometry of the internal cavity can be obtained.

The Shape Identification Problem in Estimating the Geometry of A Three-Dimensional Irregular Internal Cavity

The Shape Identification Problem in Estimating the Geometry of A Three-Dimensional Irregular Internal Cavity

Hysterosalpingographic findings in infertile women with genital tuberculosis

Objectives To evaluate the hysterosalpingographic findings from infertile women who were subsequently diagnosed with genital tuberculosis. Methods A retrospective study of 70 infertile women who underwent hysterosalpingography to investigate infertility and were subsequently diagnosed with genital tuberculosis. Results The mean age of the women was 27.3 years and the mean duration of infertility was 6.1 years. A total of 57 (81.4%) women had primary infertility while 13 had secondary infertility. Diagnosis of genital tuberculosis was made by polymerase chain reaction (54.3%), tuberculous granuloma on biopsy (22.8%), acid-fast bacilli culture (2.8%), and at laparoscopy or hysteroscopy (20%). Hysterosalpingographic findings were a normal uterine cavity observed in 57.1% of women, an irregular cavity in 18.5%, a shrunken cavity in 2.8%, and an irregular filling defect in 18.5%. Synechiae were observed in 17.1% of women. Conclusion Genital tuberculosis is a common cause of infertility in India, causing significant uterine and tubal pathologies.

Thermodestruction endométriale par la technique HTA (HydroThermAblator) : résultats d’une étude multicentrique française

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility, the feasibility and the functional results of the HydroThermAblator (HTA) technique. Patients and methods This is a retrospective multicenter study in which 143 patients were enrolled in six French medical centers. Patients suffering from dysfunctional and heavy uterine bleeding were treated using the HTA technique between June 2003 and June 2005. A preoperational questionnaire describing the symptoms as well as a qualitative assessment of bleeding was filled. We report the surgical conditions as well as the per- and postoperative complications. We analyzed the level of patient's satisfaction with this technique using a postoperative questionnaire. Results The average patient's age was 48 years (37–67 years). Patients described their bleeding as being very significant in 46% of the cases, significant in 36%, normal but postmenopausal in 11% of the cases and unknown in 7% of the cases. Previous treatment for bleeding was prescribed in 42.4% of cases. Forty-two decimal four percent of the patients had myomas on preoperative ultrasound examinations. Four minor operative complications were encountered. Thirteen patients had postoperative complications, most of which were described as pelvic pain. Mean postoperative follow-up time was nine months. There were 72.7% of the patients who were satisfied with the procedure. Forty-four percent of the patients were amenorrheic, 37% were oligomenorrheic and 13% were eumenorrheic. Seven patients underwent hysterectomy. The indication for hysterectomy in half of these patients was persistent menorrhagias. Discussion and conclusion The hydrothermablator is a simple and efficient endometrial ablation technique for patients suffering from menometrorrhagias. This technique can be used in patients with uterine myomas and irregular uterine cavity. Hydrothermablation must be carried out under hysteroscopic control, which allows to assess treatment success at the end of the intervention. Histology is compulsory (with the exception of patients with metrorrhagia only), all the more so as cancer cases can remain undiscovered.