Irregular Cases Research Articles

The surge-heave-pitch coupling motions of the Φ-type vertical axis wind turbine supported by the truss Spar floating foundation

The motions of the floating vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with consideration of the coupling between the aerodynamics and the hydrodynamics are calculated in this paper. The surge-heave-pitch coupling nonlinear equations of the floating VAWT are established. The aerodynamic loads are obtained by applying the double-multiple-stream tube theory with consideration of the dynamic stall and the floating foundation motion. The motion performances of a 5 MW Φ - Darrieus type floating VAWT are studied with its foundation of the Spar type with heave plates. It is shown that the amplitude of the heave motion of the floating VAWT is small when the heave plates are equipped. The effects of the wind and wave loads on the floating VAWT motions are assessed. The results show that the mean values of the surge and the pitch of the floating VAWT are mainly related to the wind loads; the standard deviations of the surge, the heave, and the pitch are mainly related to the wave loads. In the regular wave cases, the frequencies of the surge, the heave and the pitch are dominated by the wave frequencies, and the components of the 2P responses (caused by the aerodynamic loads) of the pitch are small. The 2P responses of the pitch are more significant in the irregular wave cases as compared with those in the regular wave cases.

36 Monte Carlo simulation of absorbed dose distribution for electron beam using GATE/GEANT4

Introduction Limits of Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) dose calculation for photon beams have been widely studied. There are fewer studies on electron beam dose calculation. Fast Electron Monte Carlo (eMC, Varian, Palo Alto, CA) is a clinical dose distribution calculation algorithm for electron beam, based on an advanced variance reduction technique, Macro Monte Carlo (MMC) [1] . Results for complex cases (heterogeneity, irregular surface contour) are limited. A GATE/GEANT4 model of a radiotherapy linac (Varian, TrueBeam) is implemented. The purpose of this study is to evaluate these algorithms by comparing them to film measurements in complex cases. Methods Validation of GATE model is performed on homogenous water phantom. Percentage depth dose curves (PDD) and lateral dose profiles (LDP) are compared with experimental measurement (6 and 9 MeV). Results of dose distribution calculation for eMC and GATE are comparing with Gafchromic EBT3 (Ashland ISP, Wayne, NJ) films, for complex cases including heterogeneities (lung, bone) and irregular surface (step). Normalization are achieved in a homogenous water region for dose profiles at two different depths (at contact and at a distance of the heterogeneity). Global Gamma Index Pass Rate (GIPR) 1D is used to compare the data sets. Results When comparing GATE and measurements, GIPR 2 % / 2 mm for PDD and LDP in homogenous water phantom is 100% for 6 MeV and 9 MeV. GIPR 3 % / 3 mm (threshold >10% D max ) for complexes cases (lung, bone and step) is >98.5% for GATE (6, 9 MeV) except for only one case at 6 MeV (at contact with lung heterogeneity: 82.9%). But, for eMC in lung case, GIPR are 100% for 9 MeV electrons but only 65.6% and 84.4% at 6 MeV at contact and at 10 mm of the heterogeneity, respectively. In presence of bones, GIPR are 100% (6, 9 MeV) except at 9 MeV, at contact of the heterogeneity (69.7%). For irregular surface cases GIPR of eMC vs. films was superior to 95.2% and 99.2% for 6 and 9 MeV respectively. Conclusions GATE model for electron beams is validated in homogeneous water phantom. In presence of surface irregularities (step) satisfactory results are obtained for both GATE and eMC. Nevertheless, when comparing to measurements for heterogeneous media, and in particular after lung (6 MeV) and bones (9 MeV) eMC was limited while GATE was satisfactory in all configurations. The study is currently carried on for more energy (12 and 18 MeV) and clinical cases (face). GATE could be proposed as a 3D dose check solution for complex electron beams.

Heuristic orientation adjustment for better exploration in multi-objective optimization

Decomposition strategy which employs predefined subproblem framework and reference vectors has significant contribution in multi-objective optimization, and it can enhance local convergence as well as global diversity. However, the fixed exploring directions sacrifice flexibility and adaptability; therefore, extra reference adaptations should be considered under different shapes of the Pareto front. In this paper, a population-based heuristic orientation generating approach is presented to build a dynamic decomposition. The novel approach replaces the exhaustive reference distribution with reduced and partial orientations clustered within potential areas and provides flexible and scalable instructions for better exploration. Numerical experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method is compatible with both regular Pareto fronts and irregular cases and maintains outperformance or competitive performance compared to some state-of-the-art multi-objective approaches and adaptive-based algorithms. Moreover, the novel strategy presents more independence on subproblem aggregations and provides an autonomous evolving branch in decomposition-based researches.

PROPOSED FRAMEWORK TO ACTIVATE ACCOUNTABILITY STATE AUTHORITY (ASA) ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING TO GOVERN-ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

All countries of the world considers that the Supreme Corporation of control and accounting is the custodian of public money by putting them independent, it interrogates administrative and State bodies for the use and management of public money, and then reporting the results of this audit submitted to the People's Assembly in the parliament to take corrective required procedures case of irregularities. Thus, interrogation the government over its activities related to the environment, whether in industry, health field, housing or any other sectors of the state leads to the necessity to prepare reports on the results of environmental activities, it should be subject to independent control at all levels for centers and municipalities. The scarcity of researchers writing in the subject of corporate governance and environmental performance, as well as the application of modern environmental auditing as one of the branches of the auditing bodies and financial accounting in all over the world. Representing the importance of listing environmental audit within the framework of the Accountability State Authority in A.R.E, whereas, the researcher thinks that the Accountability State Authority should has an effective role to treat environmental problems as a trusted source of providing information, then, the performance will be evaluated and decision making in the state Institutes, as the supreme body of control and accounting in the State. Expected benefits from the Accounting State Authority of performance of environmental audit for both environment and government: Reducing environmental risks, reduce associated costs with non-compliance with environmental laws, identify responsibilities and environmental risks resulting form lack of commitment. Reduce government expenses by reducing waste and prevention of environmental pollution. Accordance support or provide more guarantees regarding compliance existing policy and future environmental legislation. Environmental performance governance of institutions of State and assess the performance of government institutions involved in environmental supervise factories, hospitals and all public and private entities.

Nonlinear analysis of sloshing and floating body coupled motion in the time-domain

The aim of this paper is to develop a coupled nonlinear time-domain simulation scheme for nonlinear interactions among sloshing flows and floating body motion for both regular and irregular wave excitation. The contributions of a variety of nonlinear factors, outside waves and inside sloshing induced forces, as well as their influences on body coupled sway and roll motion were investigated. The induced forces are due to the changes in the transient wet surface of the floating body and full nonlinear sloshing. The effects of tank fill ratio and excitation wave height on the nonlinear coupled motion, as well as the relationship between sloshing and floating body nonlinear coupled motion under large wave amplitudes and severe sea conditions were also investigated and the results are presented. Finally, the numerical solutions are compared with existing experimental result. The fully nonlinear sloshing and floating body coupled motion are simulated based on the potential flow theory, with the transient position hydrodynamic assumption. The boundary value problem is solved by the B-spline higher-order panel method. The ISITIMFB (iterative semi-implicit time integration method for floating bodies) is applied to solve for the body's velocity and displacements. The sloshing energy dissipation is modeled by changing the boundary condition on the tank's solid boundaries. An extended principle to determine the energy dissipation coefficient for both regular and irregular cases is extracted. Then, the sloshing and floating body nonlinear coupled motion under large wave amplitudes and severe sea conditions are investigated, and the numerical solutions are compared with existing experimental results. The effects of tank fill ratio and excitation wave height on the nonlinear coupled motion is also investigated.

The fragmentation of D-shaped casing filled with explosive under eccentric initiation

Abstract With the technical development of new warhead designs and improvised explosive device protection, irregular casing filled with explosive has been paid more attention recently. In this paper, we studied the fragmentation of a type of D-shaped casing, which is a common asymmetric casing in the field of warhead design. Based on the radiograph technique, static explosive experiments were conducted with D-shaped casings under four different eccentric initiation ratios to explore their fragmentation. A numerical model was then established to simulate the dynamic response of D-shaped casing filled with explosive. The results of numerical simulation were found to agree well with the experimental data. According to the results of numerical simulation and experimental data, the dynamic responses of D-shaped casing were analyzed. The results of the current work pave way for the innovative design of new warhead and for further studying the dynamic response of asymmetric casing.

K-semistability for irregular Sasakian manifolds

We introduce a notion of K-semistability for Sasakian manifolds. This extends to the irregular case of the orbifold K-semistability of Ross–Thomas. Our main result is that a Sasakian manifold with constant scalar curvature is necessarily K-semistable. As an application, we show how one can recover the volume minimization results of Martelli–Sparks–Yau, and the Lichnerowicz obstruction of Gauntlett–Martelli–Sparks–Yau from this point of view.

MP36-17 USEFULNESS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CLINICAL T1 RENAL CELL CANCER ON PREDICTING UPSTAGING TO PATHOLOGICAL T3 OR HIGHER

You have accessJournal of UrologyKidney Cancer: Epidemiology & Evaluation/Staging II1 Apr 2018MP36-17 USEFULNESS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CLINICAL T1 RENAL CELL CANCER ON PREDICTING UPSTAGING TO PATHOLOGICAL T3 OR HIGHER Jun Teishima, Tetsutaro Hayashi, Hiroyuki Kitano, Kousuke Sadahide, Shunsuke Shinmei, Shogo Inoue, Yukiko Honda, Kazuhiro Sentani, Kazuo Awai, Wataru Yasui, and Akio Matsubara Jun TeishimaJun Teishima More articles by this author , Tetsutaro HayashiTetsutaro Hayashi More articles by this author , Hiroyuki KitanoHiroyuki Kitano More articles by this author , Kousuke SadahideKousuke Sadahide More articles by this author , Shunsuke ShinmeiShunsuke Shinmei More articles by this author , Shogo InoueShogo Inoue More articles by this author , Yukiko HondaYukiko Honda More articles by this author , Kazuhiro SentaniKazuhiro Sentani More articles by this author , Kazuo AwaiKazuo Awai More articles by this author , Wataru YasuiWataru Yasui More articles by this author , and Akio MatsubaraAkio Matsubara More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.1151AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies have reported that cases with clinical T1 (cT1) renal cell cancer (RCC) upstaging to pathological T3 is a risk factor to predicting postoperative recurrence after partial nephrectomy. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the morphological features of the enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of cT1 renal cell cancer on predicting upstaging to pathological T3 or higher. METHODS Three hundred sixty-seven cases with cT1 RCC diagnosed from enhanced CT scans were enrolled in this study. Based on the findings from the enhanced CT scan, the cases were classified into ″round″, whose margins were smooth and round, ″lobular″, whose margins were smooth but distorted, and ″irregular″, whose margins were sharply nodular. The association of postoperative upstaging with these morphological features and other characteristics of tumors in each case were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 367 cases, 255 and 112 were diagnosed as clinical T1a (cT1a) and T1b (cT1b), respectively. Two hundred seventy-four, 33, and 60 cases were determined as round, lobular, and irregular types, respectively. One hundred eight, 188, and 71 cases were those whose RENAL nephrometry scores (RNSs) of their tumors were 6 or lower, 7 to 9, 10 or higher, respectively. Eighteen cases (4.9%) pathologically upstaged to T3a or higher. Perirenal fatty tissue invasion, renal sinus fatty tissue invasion, and venous invasion were detected in 4, 11, and 7 out of these 18 cases, respectively. One round case (0.4%), 3 lobular cases (9.1%), and 14 irregular cases (23.3%) pathologically upstaged (p<0.0001, round + lobular versus irregular). Six cases (2.4%) of cT1a and 12 cases (10.6%) of cT1b upstaged pT3a or higher (p=0.0007). Seventeen of 201 (8.5%) and 8 of 86 (9.3%) cases whose N and E factors in RNS were 3 points pathologically upstaged, while 10 of 281 (3.6%, p=00309) and 1 of 166 (0.6%, p=0.0005) cases upstaged in others, respectively. Eleven of 71 cases with RNS 10≤ pathologically upstaged while 7 of 289 cases (2.4%) upstaged in others (p<0.0001). Four of 17 cases (23.5%) with hilar tumors pathologically upstaged while 14 of 350 cases (4%) with tumors pathologically upstaged in other sites (p=0.0003). Multivariate analysis revealed that irregular finding was an independent factor in predicting upstaging to pathological T3a or higher (p=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of the morphological features of cT1 RCC based on enhanced CT scan is useful for predicting pathological upstaging. © 2018FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 4SApril 2018Page: e464-e465 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018MetricsAuthor Information Jun Teishima More articles by this author Tetsutaro Hayashi More articles by this author Hiroyuki Kitano More articles by this author Kousuke Sadahide More articles by this author Shunsuke Shinmei More articles by this author Shogo Inoue More articles by this author Yukiko Honda More articles by this author Kazuhiro Sentani More articles by this author Kazuo Awai More articles by this author Wataru Yasui More articles by this author Akio Matsubara More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

3D tomography of midlatitude sporadic-E in Japan from GNSS-TEC data

We studied ionospheric irregularities caused by midlatitude sporadic-E (Es) in Japan using ionospheric total electron content (TEC) data from a dense GNSS array, GEONET, with a 3D (three-dimensional) tomography technique. Es is a thin layer of unusually high ionization that appears at altitudes of ~ 100 km. Here, we studied five cases of Es irregularities in 2010 and 2012, also reported in previous studies, over the Kanto and Kyushu Districts. We used slant TEC residuals as the input and estimated the number of electron density anomalies of more than 2000 small blocks with dimensions of 20–30 km covering a horizontal region of 300 × 500 km. We applied a continuity constraint to stabilize the solution and performed several different resolution tests with synthetic data to assess the accuracy of the results. The tomography results showed that positive electron density anomalies occurred at the E region height, and the morphology and dynamics were consistent with those reported by earlier studies.

Lasso Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Parametric Models with Singular Information Matrices

An information matrix of a parametric model being singular at a certain true value of a parameter vector is irregular. The maximum likelihood estimator in the irregular case usually has a rate of convergence slower than the n -rate in a regular case. We propose to estimate such models by the adaptive lasso maximum likelihood and propose an information criterion to select the involved tuning parameter. We show that the penalized maximum likelihood estimator has the oracle properties. The method can implement model selection and estimation simultaneously and the estimator always has the usual n -rate of convergence.

Significado y finalidad de las censuras e irregularidades en el derecho canónico

In this paper, the Author presents the competency of the Apostolic Penitentiary which extends to all occult or secret matters that are able to be solved in the internal forum and he is focusing on the meaning and the finality of the “censures” and the irregularities in canon law. All cases of censures latae sententiae, when they are strictly such, that is, when they have been incurred ipso facto and have not been the object of a judicial sentence or of a declaration, can be dealt with in the internal Forum. Some censures can be remitted by the local Ordinary or by major Superiors of religious for their own subjects; others can be remitted only by the Apostolic See. They are pointed out and subsequently analyzed: the excommunication of one who sacrilegiously profanes the Consecrated Species (can. 1367); the excommunication of one who uses physical violence against the Roman Pontiff (can. 1370 § 1); the excommunication of a priest who absolves his own accomplice in sins against the VI Commandment (can. 1378 §1). This type of absolution not only incurs an excommunication for the priest who absolves; it is also intrinsically invalid (can. 977), except in the case of danger of death; the excommunication of a bishop who consecrates a bishop without a pontifical mandate. The bishop consecrated is also excommunicated (can. 1382); the excommunication for attempted sacred ordination of a woman and attempted reception of sacred orders by a woman; lastly, the excommunication of a confessor who directly violates the sacramental seal of confession (can. 1388). The author highlights that also the occult cases of irregularity, either for the reception of sacred orders or for their exercise, are dealt with in the internal forum. An irregularity is of its nature perpetual. It does not cease automatically but it can be dispensed. A simple impediment may cease automatically, e.g., a man’s wife dies, the impediment to ordination ceases. On the other hand, an impediment could be dispensed, e.g., when a married man is allowed ordination. The only irregularities or simple impediments now existing in the 1983 Code are those listed in the following canons. Irregularities which impede reception of orders: Amentia or other psychic illness (can. 1041, 1°); apostasy, heresy, or schism (can. 1041, 2°), attempted marriage (can. 1041, 3°); voluntary homicide or a completed abortion (can. 1041, 4°); self-mutilation or attempted suicide (can. 1041, 5°); act of orders reserved (can. 1041, 6°). Simple Impediments which impede the Reception of Orders: a man who has a wife (can. 1042, 1°); an office or administration forbidden to clerics (can. 1042, 2°); a neophyte (can. 1042, 3°). Lastly there are irregularities and impediments which affect those already in orders: orders received while being affected by an irregularity (can. 1044, §1, 1°); public apostasy, heresy or schism (can. 1044, §1, 2°); delict in can. 1041, nn. 3, 4, 5, 6; amentia or psychological infirmity (can. 1044, §2, 1°)

Extend an Algorithm of Auto-converting Kurdish Written Scripts in Websites: from Latin Characters to Kurdish/Arabic Characters and Vice Versa

Nowadays, most Kurdish websites, especially news websites are required both written scripts (Latin and Kurdish/Arabic) for their users, for example, Rudaw, WAAR, NRT, etc. Therefore, designing two websites for each written script require effort, time and cost. There are web-based applications available for users not web developers to converting script manually, regardless of accuracy (misspellings), in this case, users have to input script to input box like pelk , KAL (Kurdish Academic of language) website, etc.(Jemal Nebez, 2015)(pellk, 2010). This research develops an algorithm which can auto-converting one website from its written script to its opposite for both users and web developer. for instance, if website is designed using Latin characters, this algorithm converts to its opposite programmatically. The algorithm uses JavaScript language and configured on jQuery plugin for web developers as API (Application User Interface) to use in website. In addition, there is a Firefox browser add-ons (Extension) for users (non- developers) to convert script to its opposite. This research addresses cases (irregular cases) which cause to increase misspellings, then, find solutions for each of these cases to minimal incorrect spelling. To Increase accuracy of algorithm, one website chooses as case study for analyzing algorithm output. The algorithm is tested using test methods to check errors, debugging, and accuracy.

Filling the periorbital hollows with hyaluronic acid gel: Long-term review of outcomes and complications.

Hyaluronic acid gel has been used for rejuvenation of the periorbital tissues since 2004. The in-office, nonsurgical procedural nature has resulted in the growing popularity of the use of fillers. The periorbital region poses unique challenges to the cosmetic surgeon. Malar edema, blue-gray dyschromia, and contour irregularities are well reported short-term complications. We present a long-term follow-up review of complications associated with periocular injection of hyaluronic acid gel fillers. Retrospective review of 147 patients with at least a 5-year follow-up period since the first injection. Five senior masked reviewers were asked to grade photographs of patients in comparison with preinjection photographs. Grading was based on a reference photographic key looking specifically at the presence and severity of malar edema, blue-gray dyschromia, and contour irregularity. Malar edema (11%), blue-gray dyschromia (31.3%), and contour irregularities (30.5%) continue to be problems in longer term follow-up of patients. The vast majority (90%) of these complications were mild and required no intervention. There is no statistically significant difference in the mean volumes injected by severity grading of each measured complication. Hyaluronic acid gel fillers of the periorbital region are well tolerated in our long-term follow-up experience. The vast majority of cases of malar edema, blue-gray dyschromia, and contour irregularities are mild and do not require intervention. Conservative treatment and tailored treatment approaches, in terms of volume and frequency of injections, may decrease the tendency of these adverse effects to occur.

Using duct storage (DST) model for irregular arrangements of borehole heat exchangers

The duct storage (DST) model is one of the most widely used borehole heat exchanger (BHE) models owing to its fast calculation scheme and usability. However, the DST model can simulate only regularly placed BHEs, particularly in cylindrical borefield configurations. As a possibility to describe irregular borefield configurations by adjusting BHE spacing has been reported, we propose optimal values of BHE spacing for typical irregular BHE cases using the GenOpt optimization tool. A regression model based on a set of results obtained from the optimization is proposed to calculate the modified spacing for the DST model directly without optimization simulations. The proposed regression model fits to the datasets of the optimization with an accuracy of 96.5% in predicting the modified BHE spacing. The differences in time-averaged EWTs between the DST model with the proposed modified spacing and a reference model are close to zero, and they are less than 0.5 °C. However, other borefield configurations that have not been used for the model development can result in higher errors.

Rocking Behavior of Irregular Free-Standing Objects Subjected to Earthquake Motion

ABSTRACTFree-standing rigid objects and structures are dominantly found to exhibit rocking behavior and can be vulnerable to overturning during an earthquake as demonstrated by numerous past earthquake events. Such objects are typically considered to be displacement sensitive with their rocking response being well presented by the Peak Displacement Demand (PDD) parameter of the supporting floor’s motion. This in turn can be directly related to an object’s width (along the direction of motion) for assessing its vulnerability to overturn. Such findings have been sufficiently justified by refined dynamic analysis supported by experimental evaluations which were based on rigid blocks with uniform geometric format (i.e., regular in their mass distribution). However, vulnerable rocking objects can be asymmetric and accordingly their sensitivity to floor displacement cannot be directly related to their width. The key parameter which defines irregular objects’ response to rocking motion is represented by the degree of eccentricity of their center of mass. In this study, the well-known rocking equation of motion is reconfigured and devised to model the rocking responses for 280 irregular objects undergoing eight earthquake motions which included artificial and recorded earthquakes. Analytical results obtained from solving the adjusted equation of motion were evaluated with sophisticated finite element (FE) models simulating the 280 irregular cases. This experimentally validated FE modeling approach was found to be time- and cost-effective for understating the rocking behavior of asymmetric objects as well as clarifying an interesting relationship between the object’s damping level and the condition of the supporting base (i.e., whether being provided with supports at the points of rotation or not). The rocking response of irregular objects was found to be highly influenced by the level of eccentricity of the object when excited by motions with high displacement amplitudes, while such influence was not found noticeable by wider objects. Based on the developed trends between the maximum top displacement of irregular objects and the PDD, an expression for estimating the rocking amplitudes is proposed which is a function of the object’s eccentricity.

(Invited) Molecular Dynamics of Dipole Layer Formation at High-k/SiO2 Interface

The metal/high-k gate stack added new degrees of freedom for controlling the threshold voltage (VTH) of CMOS devices. The VTH is altered depending on the materials of high-k oxide, which is attributed to an electric dipole layer formed at the interface between high-k oxide and underling interfacial SiO2 layer [1]. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the origin of the interface dipole layer, but a unified view has not yet been reached. The proposed mechanisms is roughly classified into two groups: (1) electronic redistribution around the interface and (2) redistribution of ions across the interface. The second one, proposed by Kita and Toriumi [2] has gained popular support because of its applicability to a wide range of high-k materials. The model states that the interface dipole is formed by the movement of negatively charged O ions from higher oxygen-density side to a lower side. This model is referred to as “oxygen-density difference accommodation,” hereafter. The picture of oxygen-density difference accommodation model was well reproduced in our MD simulation (Fig.1) of Al2O3/SiO2 system [3-5], which employs a simple two-body ionic interaction model of the Born-Mayer-Huggins potential. A dipole layer is formed by the migration of O ions from the Al2O3 side to the SiO2 side (Fig.2). The direction and magnitude of the dipole coincides well with experimental results. The driving force of the O- ions migration is found to be the short-range repulsion between ionic cores. The repulsive force becomes larger in the higher oxygen density materials, so that the O- ions is pushed into the lower oxygen density side (Fig.3). In my previous talk in this conference held in 2014 [4], I discussed that an imbalance of multipole potentials between both oxide layer is a possible origin of the O- ion migration. However, the subsequent analysis [6] clarified that the dominant force acting on O- ions in near the interface is not originated from the charge-to-charge interaction, so that my previous hypothesis was denied nowadays. Furthermore, the author’s group succeeded in reproducing the direction of dipoles at MgO/SiO2 and SrO/SiO2 interfaces (Fig.2) [5], which is opposite to that of the Al2O3/SiO2 system. The MgO/SiO2 system is an irregular case of the oxygen-density difference accommodation model, because the oxygen density of MgO is higher than that of SiO2, but the experimentally observed dipole is opposed to the direction of the density gradient of O ions. In spite of the fact, our MD simulation can correctly reproduce the direction of the dipole at the MgO/SiO2 interface. The dipoles at the MgO/SiO2 and SrO/SiO2 interfaces are formed by a preferential migration of metal cations from the high-k oxide toward the SiO2 layer, and silicate layers are formed at these interfaces. In conclusion, the dipole formation at high-k/SiO2 interfaces can be explained by the ion redistribution model, as shown in Fig.4. The negative dipoles at the MgO/SiO2 and SrO/SiO2 interfaces are formed by a preferential migration of metal cations from the high-k oxide toward the SiO2 layer during the formation of a stable silicate phase. Thus, the migration of metal cations as well as the migration of oxygen ions must be taken into account when considering the mechanics of the dipole layer formation. Acknowledgement This work was supported by JST-CREST and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (15H03979) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.

NUMERICAL MODELING OF NON-COHESIVE CONTACT IN MULTI-BODY HYDRODYNAMIC SYSTEMS WITH SPH

Enforcing solid boundary conditions is one of the most challenging parts of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method and many different approaches have been recently developed. Better understanding of interaction forces between solid bodies is of great importance in the investigation of structural stability and armor layer displacement in breakwaters. In this study, performance of repulsive force and dynamic boundary conditions have been investigated and showed that non-physical results are presented in non-cohesive contact. In this paper, a non-cohesive contact model in multi-body hydrodynamic systems has been developed and validated against other common boundary conditions. Using the developed contact model, the effect of regular and irregular placement of cubic concrete armors has been investigated. Also, comparison has been made with Van Buchem (2009) experimental results and concluded that in the irregular case it is more possible that a unit moves toward instability.

Effects of irregularity and initial stresses on the dynamic response of viscoelastic half-space due to a moving load

The present article deals with the stresses developed in an initially stressed irregular viscoelastic half-space due to a load moving with a constant velocity at a rough free surface. Expressions for normal and shear stresses are obtained in closed form. The substantial effects of influence parameters, viz., depth (from the free surface), irregularity factor, maximum depth of irregularity, viscoelastic parameter, horizontal and vertical initial stresses, and frictional coefficient, on normal and shear stresses are investigated. Moreover, comparative study is carried out for three different cases of irregularity, viz., rectangular irregularity, parabolic irregularity and no irregularity, which is manifested through graphs.

An investigation on the effect of street morphology to ambient air quality using six real-world cases

Street canyons are vulnerable to air pollution mainly caused by vehicle emissions, which are therefore closely related to pedestrians’ health. Previous studies have showed that air quality in street canyons is associated with street morphology, though the majority of them have focused on idealized street models. This paper attempts to investigate the relationship of street morphology to air quality for 6 irregular real-world cases selected from America, Europe, and China, i.e. Manhattan, Paris, Barcelona, Berlin, London and Nanjing. Each street is analyzed as a set of slices to propose a couple of morphology indices for quantitatively assessing the actual street morphology. Pollutant transport rate of mean flows and turbulent diffusion, net escape velocity and age of air are obtained from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to assess the ventilations and pollutant dispersion within street canyons with a parallel approaching wind. The results show that the street morphology characteristics, including the street width, lateral openings and intersections, are closely related to the air flows in street canyons. The air quality improves with a decreasing aspect ratio of central street owing to a larger vertical exchange through the street roof, which suggests an open central street is of better air quality. The lateral openings and intersections of streets have important effects on the air flows in street canyons, and the effects are particularly pronounced when the street widths are similar. The street continuity ratio indicates street continuity. It relates to the openings and the symmetry of a street and impacts on the air flows and pollutant dispersion through the lateral openings of the central street. The street spatial closure ratio is determined by the street continuity ratio and the aspect ratio of the central street. When the aspect ratio of central street is not excessively high, higher values of street continuity ratio and spatial closure ratio can lead to a stronger channel flow in street canyons and improve the air quality. The octagon intersections are favorable for air flowing through the lateral openings and improve the channel flows. The oblique intersections can also greatly improve the street ventilations, mainly due to the enhanced air flows through the lateral openings and the increased turbulent diffusion through the street roofs.

Experimental investigation on dynamic responses of FLNG connection system during side-by-side offloading operation

This paper presents an experimental investigation on dynamic responses of the connection system in the FLNG (Floating Liquefied Natural Gas) system during side-by-side offloading operations. A typical side-by-side connection system for an FLNG and LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) carrier that includes 16 hawsers and 6 fenders is adopted. Three typical irregular wave cases are used in the model test. Relationships between relative vessel motion and the load born by the connection system are obtained, and features of dynamic connection system responses are summarized based on the analysis results. The results show that hawsers and fenders at different locations are sensitive to different motion patterns; loads on connection systems have distinct dynamic properties, and snap loading crucial to the safety of offloading processes can be induced. Moreover, for partially filled conditions, sloshing effects on vessel motion and on the connection system are examined. FLNG and LNGC are subjected to large low frequency responses in side-by-side configurations due to hydrodynamic interactions and sloshing effects. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses of the connection system relative to wave amplitudes and directions are conducted. According to our sensitivity studies, high wave amplitudes can excite pronounced relative motions and large loads on the connection system; heading and oblique waves significantly affect spring hawsers in mid-ship areas and breast hawsers in bow and stern areas; and positive sheltering effects can be obtained when FLNG occupies the weather side.