Irrational Factor Research Articles

Иррациональные начала политики в зеркале общественнополитической мысли (От Древней Греции к современности и дальше)

This article attempts to study the problem of the influence of irrational factors on politics and its reflection in the space of socio-political thought. Having started by identifying theoretical models of understanding the irrational in politics, the author fixes the theoretical and methodological framework, which is used by default when mastering the subject, and subsequently wonders: how else can the irrational be included in the sphere of political analysis and modelling? The author uses the texts of ancient Greek thinkers as the starting point. On their basis she reconstructs the basic set of approaches that form a conventional model to understand the role of the irrational in politics, and then highlights several features of the ancient discourse about the irrational. Firstly, this is the generative and teleological function of the irrational in connection with political reality: ancient thinkers primarily associated with irrational principles such matters as the origin of wars, power, law and the state, as well as the goals of political development. Secondly, the irrational factor limits the space of political subjectivity and, more specifically, free choice for a person and a citizen, because it is in the irrational field that the “last argument” is located. Thirdly, this is the trend towards the transition from metaphysics to psychology. Further analysis shows that this theoretical trajectory is preserved and consolidated within the framework of Western European political science discourse. Having established that the ancient Greek model of understanding the irrational is reproduced not only in discourse but also in practice, the author formulates an important question for political science: how productive are reflections that derive recommendations for socio-political coexistence from certain psychological human qualities or arbitrarily interpreted divine revelations? — and thereby invites the scientific community to revise classical approaches and to have an active dialogue within the topic. She proposes the concept of parallel discourses — verbal and non-verbal — as an alternative theoretical and methodological framework for the scientific study of irrational factors in politics.

Effect of Financial Literacy on Investment Decisions of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Kenya

Financial literacy plays critical role in ensuring that one is equipped with knowledge and skills needed tomanage finances which eventually help companies realize financial stability and help management makeinformed financial decisions. The objectives that guided the study includes: to evaluate the effect of rationalfactors literacy, financial analytical skills, irrational factor management skills and past performanceawareness on investment decisions of food and beverage manufacturing companies Kenya, the lastresearch objective was to assess the moderating role of managerial tenure on the relationship betweenfinancial literacy and investment decisions of food and beverage manufacturing companies Kenya. Thestudy was guided by the decision theory, Upper Echelons Theory and Prospect theory. An explanatoryresearch design was employed. The study found that financial literacy significantly affects the investmentdecision. The results demonstrated a significant positive impact of rational factors (β=0.245, p=0.00),financial analytical skills (β=0.607, p=0.000), irrational factors management (β=0.379, p=0.000), pastperformance management (β=0.319, p=0.000) on investment decisions. The study concluded that Enhancingfinancial literacy can lead to smarter investment decisions and organizational success.

Managerial decision, anchoring effects and acquisition premiums

This paper explores the anchoring effect, which is an irrational factor influencing decision-making regarding M&A premiums in M&A events. The study focuses on a sample of M&A transactions conducted by Chinese A-share listed companies between 2007 and 2021. We present significant evidence of the internal anchor anchoring effect in the M&A process in the internal anchor subsample. In the external anchor subsample demonstrates that external anchors have a certain degree of anchoring effects. When both anchors are present, the internal anchor exhibits a more significant anchoring effect compared to the external anchor.

An Empirical Study of College EFL Learners’ Flow and Anti-flow Experiences

Learners’ emotions have long been regarded as an insignificant and irrational factor in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). In recent years, with the “affective turn” transpiring in applied linguistics, learners’ emotions have gained more scholarly attention, among which is language learners’ flow experience. Flow is one concept in psychology, which includes positive flow (e.g., enjoyment) and negative flow (also known as “anti-flow”, such as anxiety, boredom, etc.). At present, the bulk of the SLA research on English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners’ flow experience has been situated in the traditional teaching settings, while EFL learners’ flow experience in the blended teaching contexts remains under-investigated. In view of this, this study adopts a quantitative research method to probe into the flow and anti-flow experiences of 168 EFL learners in a certain application-oriented university in China. Results show that 1) The enjoyment experienced by learners is at a medium level, while boredom and anxiety are at a low level; 2) There are gender differences in learners’ emotional experience, but no grade difference has been found; 3) Enjoyment is significantly and negatively correlated with boredom and anxiety, and the latter two are significantly and positively correlated; 4) The three emotions can, to a certain degree, predict the self-perceived English proficiency and CET-4 scores. This article ends with the pedagogical implications of the research results for blended teaching and learning, and provides insights into the directions for future studies.

How Does Public Sentiment Affect the Socially Responsible Behavior of Construction Enterprises?

The negative environmental impact of the construction sector has garnered global attention, and as the “primary force” in achieving the “double carbon” target, green development is urgent, and social responsibility practices cannot be postponed. An evolutionary game model was constructed by combining the rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) theory and the evolutionary game theory to understand the interaction mechanism between participants’ emotions and decisions, taking into account the characteristics of construction enterprises and the public regarding irrational decisions under heterogeneous emotional combinations. The study demonstrates that: (1) there is probability in the choice of rational strategies, and emotion is an irrational factor that can affect strategy choice. (2) The evolutionary trend of the strategy choice of the game subjects is altered by emotional intensity and emotional propensity. The optimism of construction enterprises inhibits their socially responsible practice, and the pessimism of the public promotes the probability of their negative strategy choice. Furthermore, moderate optimism is a safety valve for the public’s positive strategy choice. (3) The interaction of emotional states leads to a heterogeneity of strategy choices exhibited under different combinations of emotions, with the emotions of construction companies having a more dominant influence on strategy. Finally, we make some feasible recommendations for improving social responsibility practices and preventing mass incidents by boosting emotional monitoring and guidance for construction businesses and the general public. Overall, this study provides important information about how to be socially responsible, maintain good relationships with the public, and protect the environment.

Rational and irrational factors that predict the continued intention to engage in digital reading: a perspective from China

Few studies have examined factors, including irrational factors, that affect the continued intention of digital reading. This research attempts to propose an integrated framework to understand the continued intention to engage in digital reading. Based on weighted and calculated needs for new media and the technology acceptance model, the current research empirically investigated continued digital reading using an online survey. The research examined two rational factors—technology characteristics (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and relative advantage) and individual motivations (perceived needs and perceived value)—as well as two irrational factors (emotional preference and perceived herd behaviour).This study found that the perceived ease of use and relative advantage of digital reading, as well as users’ perceived needs (information needs and social needs), perceived value (perceived benefits), and the irrational factor of perceived herd behaviour could predict the continued intention to read digitally. We provided a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanisms of the continued intention to engage in digital reading. The research provided theoretical and practical enlightenment for the development and promotion of digital reading.

Game Analysis of the Evolution of Energy Structure Transition Considering Low-Carbon Sentiment of the Decision-Makers in the Context of Carbon Neutrality

Countries have started to aggressively undertake energy structure transformation strategies in order to reach the objective of carbon neutrality. Both clean and efficient coal energy use and clean energy use will be crucial to the process of changing the energy structure since the two cannot be totally replaced within a short period of time. In this study, we quantify emotions as an irrational factor, combine them with an evolutionary game using RDEU theory, and build an evolutionary game model between government regulators and energy consumers. We then analyze how low-carbon emotions of decision-makers affect their choice of strategy and the transformation of the energy structure. The findings support that by affecting the relative importance of each strategic choice, emotions have a profound impact on the evolutionary steady state of the system. Appropriate stress and anxiety can increase decision-makers’ feelings of responsibility, while pleasant emotions frequently support strategic conduct. The main countermeasures are as follows: Allow government regulators and energy consumers to properly release positive information, with government regulators forming subsidies and energy consumers actively cooperating and promoting low-carbon activities. This will properly guide the low-carbon sentiment of game subjects to keep them realistically pessimistic.

TEACHING EXPLORATION OF CLOTHING FABRIC IRRATIONAL DESIGN APPLICATION PROJECT BASED ON WORKING PROCESS AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE

TEACHING EXPLORATION OF CLOTHING FABRIC IRRATIONAL DESIGN APPLICATION PROJECT BASED ON WORKING PROCESS AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Shared Manufacturing Quality Innovation Synergetic Behavior Considering a Subject’s Heterogeneous Emotions

Shared manufacturing provides a new path for the transformation and development of the manufacturing industry, but challenges such as low quality and poor positivity for quality improvement limit the positive role of shared manufacturing. Considering the influences of heterogeneous emotions of subjects on quality decision making, the theory of rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) and evolutionary game theory were integrated to establish an evolutionary game model of shared manufacturing quality innovation synergy with multi-agent participation and analyze how sentiment affects motivation for quality improvement. The study showed that: (1) emotions, an irrational factor, can significantly change the stable state of the evolution of the shared manufacturing quality innovation synergetic system by influencing the decision-making behavior of decision makers; (2) in terms of the specific microscopic influence mechanism, rationality is the key to ensuring that the behavioral decisions of decision makers do not enshrine large systemic deviations. (3) In terms of the mechanism of heterogeneous emotions, when one party is optimistic, the deepening of the other party’s pessimism tends to bring positive effects; when one party is pessimistic, the deepening of the other party’s optimism tends to bring negative effects. The main management insights are as follows: (1) correctly recognizing and treating heterogeneous emotions of decision makers and regulating the formation and role of heterogeneous emotions of decision makers; (2) appropriately creating an atmosphere of pessimistic emotions, and guiding shared manufacturing to pay attention to manufacturing quality innovation synergy; (3) appropriately releasing favorable information about quality innovation synergy, and continuously promoting high-quality development of shared manufacturing. This study broadens the path of quality improvement in shared manufacturing and the scope of application of emotion theory in a certain sense.

Research on the influence of online photograph reviews on tourists' travel intentions: rational and irrational perspectives

PurposeThe study aims to explore the effects of photograph quality on visual appeal, perceived usefulness and viewers' travel intentions from rational and irrational perspectives while simultaneously providing some references for the management and marketing of tourism destinations.Design/methodology/approachThe study comprises four experiments combined with structural equation modeling to explore the influence mechanism of photograph quality on travel intentions.Findings(1) Higher-quality photographs offer greater visual appeal and perceived usefulness to viewers, and these relationships are moderated by the photograph source. Specifically, high-quality photographs generated by other tourists have more visual appeal and perceived usefulness to viewers. However, there are no significant differences in the impact of low-quality photographs generated by other tourists and destination marketing organizations (DMOs) on visual appeal and perceived usefulness. (2) Visual appeal and perceived usefulness significantly affect viewers' travel intentions, and visual appeal positively affects perceived usefulness. (3) Travel experience positively moderates the effects of visual appeal and perceived usefulness on viewers' travel intentions.Originality/valueThe study explores the effects of the visual appeal (irrational factor) and perceived usefulness (rational factor) associated with photograph quality on viewers' travel intentions. Photograph source and travel experiences have moderating effects on this influence mechanism.

Heterogeneous investments induced by emotions promote cooperation in public goods games

Emotion plays an important role in heterogeneous investments and has some direct effects on the cooperation behaviour of a player in a public goods game (PGG). How this irrational factor affects the heterogeneous investments and what level of cooperation is present in players with emotions are still unknown to us. Here, the heterogeneous investments induced by emotions into a PGG were introduced. The emotional index was firstly quantified by considering a memory-cumulative effect, and then an investment formula was proposed based on this emotional index. At last, the effect of emotions on the cooperation behaviour in a PGG was investigated. Results show that the heterogeneous investments induced by emotions can improve cooperation significantly in a PGG, and that an increase of the memory length, the emotional increment, or the memory discounting factor can improve the cooperation level.

Consumer's usage of logistics technologies: Integration of habit into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology

Different logistics technologies are emerging to improve the delivery efficiency and service standard of last-mile logistics. This study aims to understand consumer's usage behaviour of logistics technologies focussing on three representative logistics technologies: buy-online-and-pickup-in-store (BOPS), smart locker and drone delivery. A theoretical model is proposed by integrating the factors of habit and attitude into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). A total of 450 valid questionnaires are collected, and the data are analysed using structural equation modelling. The results suggest that (1) rational factors (i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and attitude) and irrational factor (habit) collectively determine consumers' usage of logistics technologies; and (2) the key driving factors of consumers' usage behaviour of three logistics technologies do vary. The findings enrich the theoretical research on last-mile logistics and provide managerial implications for retail and logistics service providers.

Freedom to (Smart) Contract

Since Friedrich Kessler wrote “Contracts of Adhesion-Some Thoughts About Freedom of Contract” in 1943, condemning narrow adherence to the principle of “freedom to contract” in the face of large scale enterprises’ growing preference for standard form contracts, Courts have balanced their desire to uphold contracts while protecting weaker parties from adhesion. Today, they face similar challenges with the rise of code-driven smart contracts and blockchain governance. Similar to Kessler’s world, where standard-form contracts were a tool for “excluding or controlling the ‘irrational factor’ in litigation” such as uncertain outcomes of judicial interpretation, automated smart contracts aim to put themselves outside the control of both contractual parties and the courts, thus removing any ability to breach or tamper with the original terms. Smart contract advocates contend that removing the judiciary as the governing body over contract law and imposing contractual performance via decentralized blockchain governance improves efficiency and certainty.
 But, how much can one really write a contract that completely circumvents the potential for legal intervention or judicial enforcement? Will smart contracts finally achieve the complete separation between private and public law that advocates of “freedom to contract” originally claimed, or does the common law legal system’s deep-rooted belief in the rule of law and due process prevent the judiciary from being excluded from contract enforcement regardless the medium? And is there a risk that, as smart contract sceptics posit, smart contract platforms and blockchain governance create a new feudal order with a “potentially illegitimate exercise of power” and “normatively suspect” wealth distributions?
 The short answer, as this paper will demonstrate, is that as long as smart contracts meet the traditional requirements of a contract, they cannot fall outside the establish legal system’s purview. The only thing a smart contract truly adds to traditional contracts is automated execution that is enforced by the blockchain’s consensus mechanism; this may provide some efficiency to the legal system by streamlining basic performance but it cannot be the only form of governance over smart contracts. While there may be procedural challenges to undoing or enforcing specific performance under smart contracts because of their decentralized features, any substantive problems that could occur within a smart contract are imminently addressable with and must be subjected to the principles and remedies found in traditional contract law. Finally, I will conclude with current developments in smart contracts which point to a potential for them to become an integral part of our legal system going forward. Overall, I will argue that smart contracts, if carefully drafted to consider potential pitfalls and the future needs of contracting parties to amend or enforce, can hold the potential to provide efficiencies and greater legal certainty to contracting parties. This is achieved, not through circumventing the legal system, but by working with it to automate simple performance enforcement and deferring more complex contractual breakdowns to the judiciary.

적외선 열화상을 이용한 부품소재 결함의 정량적 평가 방법

To evaluate quantitative defects in component parts using infrared imaging and image processing as preceding steps, minimizing the number of image errors that can occur during thermal imaging is necessary. To minimize image errors, we determined that correcting the slope error of the image was critical. To accomplish this, the slope rules for the vertical and horizontal axes of the infrared deterioration phase were respectively corrected. Here, the noise present in the image was determined to be an irrational factor in the quantitative evaluation. To remove this noise, image filtering was required and a median filter was applied. The size of the defect in the binary image was measured through a series of steps. The results of the quantitative defect evaluation for correcting the distortion of the slope were compared with the evaluation before the correction.

Orthonormal basis of wavelets with customizable frequency bands

We already proved the existence of an orthonormal basis of wavelets having an irrational dilation factor with an infinite number of wavelet shapes, and based on its theory, we proposed an orthonormal basis of wavelets with an arbitrary real dilation factor. In this paper, with the development of these fundamentals, we propose a new type of orthonormal basis of wavelets with customizable frequency bands. Its frequency bands can be freely designed with arbitrary bounds in the frequency domain. For example, we show two types of orthonormal bases of wavelets. One of them has an irrational dilation factor, and the other is designed based on the major scale in just intonation.

Orthonormal wavelet basis with arbitrary real dilation factor

Daubechies posed the following problem in Ten Lectures on Wavelets (SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1992): “It is an open question whether there exist orthonormal wavelet bases (not necessarily associated with a multiresolution analysis), with good time-frequency localization, and with irrational [Formula: see text]” (that is, for an arbitrary irrational dilation factor [Formula: see text], with appropriate wavelet function [Formula: see text] and constant [Formula: see text], whether can [Formula: see text] construct an orthonormal wavelet basis with good time-frequency localization?). Our answer is “Yes”. In this paper, we introduce a new type of orthonormal wavelet basis having an arbitrary real dilation factor greater than 1. This orthonormal wavelet basis requires an infinite number of wavelet shapes when its dilation factor is irrational.

On a Fractal Version of Witten’s M-Theory

Starting from Witten’s eleven dimensional M-theory, the present work develops in an analogous way a corresponding dimensional fractal version where . Subsequently, the new fractal formalism is utilized to determine the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos which turns out to be intimately linked to the new theory’s fractal dimension via non-integer irrational Lorentzian-like factor: where is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement. Consequently, the energy density is found from a limiting classical kinetic energy to be Here, is ‘tHooft’s renormalon of dimensional regularization. The immediate logical, mathematical and physical implication of this result is that the dark energy density of the cosmos must be in astounding agreement with cosmic measurements and observations.

$$\kappa $$ κ -Factor in arithmetic progressions

Introducing the concept of $$\kappa $$ -factor function generalizing the well-known irrational factor function, we refine a previous estimate given by S. Chaubey, M. Lanius and A. Zaharescu for the irrational factor function in arithmetic progressions. In particular, the dependence in q in the error term is explicited. An asymptotic formula for the $$\kappa $$ -factor function on shifted primes is also given.

Irrational factor races

We investigate the behavior of the sum of the irrational factor function over arithmetic progressions. We first establish a general asymptotic formula for such a sum, and then obtain some further results in the case of arithmetic progressions 3n±1.

Irrational Factor of Order k and ITS Connections With k-Free Integers

We introduce an irrational factor of order k defined by \({I_{k}(n) ={\prod_{i=1}^{l}} p_{i}^{\beta_{i}}}\), where \({n = \prod_{i=1}^{l} p_{i}^{\alpha_{i}}}\) is the factorization of n and \({\beta_{i} = \left\{\begin{array}{ll}\alpha_i, \quad \quad {\rm if} \quad \alpha_i < k \\ \frac{1}{\alpha_i},\quad \quad {\rm if} \quad \alpha_i \geqq k \end{array}\right.}\). It turns out that the function \({\frac{I_{k} (n)}{n}}\) well approximates the characteristic function of k-free integers. We also derive asymptotic formulas for \({\prod_{v=1}^{n} I_{k}(v)^{\frac{1}{n}}, \sum_{n \leqq x} I_{k}(n)}\) and \({\sum_{n \leqq x} (1 - \frac{n}{x}) I_{k}(n)}\).