The effects of the donor acceptor concentration ratio in iron-doped lithium niobate (Fe:LiNbO3) crystal plates on photorefractive response time and on grating diffraction efficiency are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The results provide a useful guide for designing photorefractive plates for optical information-processing applications. Two devices for real-time image recognition have been demonstrated: a photorefractive joint-transform correlator and a VanderLugt correlator. The former emphasizes fast response time, and the latter emphasizes high diffraction efficiency. By appropriate adjustment of the dopant concentration and the ratio of the donor acceptor levels, photorefractive Fe:LiNbO3 crystals that facilitate specific applications have been designed and fabricated. Shift-invariant image correlations have been achieved.