Iron Consumption Research Articles

Analysis of Food and Nutrient Consumption in Odisha: A Village-Level Study

The objectives of the present study were to analyze nutrient consumption in the village set up of Odisha and to investigate the determinants of consumption of protein, carbohydrates, calcium and iron. various nutrients like To substantiate the objectives descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used. The consumption of cereals and vegetables was more preferred in the study area, whereas the consumption of pulses was not so popular. Per capita income has a greater influence on nutrient consumption than the other determinants. The income elasticity of calorie intake was small but statistically significant for most income levels.

Effect of Mobile Phone Call Reminders With Standard Therapy Versus Standard Therapy Alone on Compliance With Iron Supplementation in Antenatal Women With Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

IntroductionIn spite of the implementation of the National nutritional anemia prophylaxis program in India, the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy is 50 in 100 women. One main cause for the high frequency of anemia among antenatal women in India is a lack of iron consumption. Few studies are available in the literature where efforts have been made to improve compliance with iron therapy. In the same line of thinking, it was decided in the present study to use mobile phone calls as a reminder for iron tablets.MethodThe present study is a randomized controlled open-label trial. Antenatal women with gestational age between 13-28 weeks of pregnancy diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (Hb - 8 to 11 gm/dl) having mobile phones were included in the study. Recruited women were randomized into two groups of study groups receiving standard therapy with the addition of fortnightly mobile phone call reminders and a control group receiving standard therapy alone.ResultsCompliance with iron supplementation was observed higher in the study group as compared to the control group (range of 48% to 93%). There was a mean hemoglobin rise in both the groups at the time of delivery compared with the hemoglobin at the time of recruitment (Study group- 9.74 to 10.69, Control group- 9.48 to 10.06). There was a statistically higher (0.00001) increase in the mean hemoglobin concentration in the study group (0.96 gm/dl) as compared to the control group (0.59 gm/dl). The reasons for poor compliance were boredom with taking daily oral iron therapy (66.66%), constipation (3.7%), forgetfulness (14.81%), and heartburn (14.81%). There was no statistical difference in the reason for poor compliance with iron supplementation in both groups.ConclusionThe present study concludes that mobile phone call reminders along with standard therapy with iron supplementation improve compliance with iron supplementation and lead to a greater rise in hemoglobin in antenatal women with iron deficiency anemia.

Consumption of Iron- and Protein-Rich Diets may Ameliorate the Effect of Metals-Induced Anemia among Informal Electronic Waste Recyclers in Ghana

Background and Aim Environmental exposure to metals may play a role in the pathogenesis of anemia, yet, nutrition may ameliorate adverse effects of these metals on hemoglobin (Hb) levels in humans. Although informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling processes have recently drawn attention as an important source of pollution, there is almost no empirical evidence on the relationship between diet, metals exposure and anemia among e-waste recyclers. Therefore, we evaluated possible ameliorating effects of diet on metal-induced anemia, as measured by Hb levels of e-waste recyclers and a reference population in Ghana. Methods: Study employed a repeated-measures design to collect whole-blood samples from e-waste recyclers (n=142) and a reference population (n=65) between March 2017 and October 2018. Blood was analyzed for the following metals: Cd, Pb, Rb, Tb & Eu using the ICP-MS®. Dietary intake parameters; proteins, folate, carbohydrates, Fe, Ca, Mg, Se, Zn and Cu were assessed using a 48-hour-recall. Blood Hb levels were measured using the URIT-810® semi-automatic biochemistry analyzer. Ordinary least-square regression models were used to estimate joint effects of metals and nutrients on Hb levels. Results: At baseline, mean Hb was lower among recyclers (12.99±3.17g/dL) than the reference group (13.02±2.37g/dL). Blood Pb, Cd, Rb, Eu and Tb were associated with significant decreases in Hb levels of e-waste recyclers. Dietary intake of proteins and Fe was associated with concomitant increase in Hb levels of both groups as well as when analysis was restricted to recyclers. Despite the high exposure of e-waste recyclers to a myriad of metals, consumption of Fe-rich diets seemed to ameliorate anemia and improved Hb levels (β=0.229; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.445; p=0.04). Conclusion: Consumption of Fe and protein-rich foods was associated with significant increases in Hb levels of e-waste recyclers, even when exposed to high levels of these metals. Keywords: e-waste, hemoglobin, anemia, metals, diet

Anemia among Adolescent Girls in West Java, Indonesia: Related Factors and Consequences on the Quality of Life.

Anemia in adolescent girls is still a problem in Indonesia. The impact of anemia is quite significant for adolescent health. This study aims to analyze related factors of anemia among adolescent girls, and the effect of anemia on the quality of life. The study was conducted in the Soreang District, West Java, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study involved 286 female students (15–19 years). A 24-h recall questionnaire was used to collect the nutrient intake. We use the WHOQOL-BREF to analyze the quality of life. The study assessed height, weight, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and a capillary blood sample to determine hemoglobin levels. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression tests were measured to find the factors most influencing anemia. The prevalence of anemia was 14.3%. Related factors of anemia in this study were: duration of blood show per menses, iron consumption, weight, height, and MUAC. From bivariate analyses, anemia influenced the social relationships domain with p < 0.05. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the most influencing factors for anemia were MUAC and duration of blood per menses. Anemia impacted the social relationships domain. In this study, the two main factors that affected anemia were MUAC and duration of blood each menstrual cycle.

Nutritional factors associated with anaemia in pregnant women in Tulang Bawang Lampung

Background: Anemia is the biggest health problem in the world, especially for women who are pregnant, because it can cause fatigue and decreased work productivity. Knowledge is a factor that encourages pregnant women to avoid anemia. If pregnant women know the causes of anemia, the consequences of anemia, and how to prevent it, pregnant women will avoid pregnancy anemia.Purpose: To find out the determinants of the incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women at the Non-Inpatient of candra mukti health center and Inpatient health center at capable ponet Tulang Bawang Barat working area in 2022.Method: Quantitative analytic research with cross sectional design. The sampling technique used proportional stratified random sampling, and 171 people met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis used the Chi Square test and multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression.Results: It is known that the distribution of the majority of anemic mothers (59.1 percent). have less knowledge (53.8 percent). have a positive attitude (52.6 percent). obediently consuming Fe tablets (58.5 percent). 1 glass (66.1 percent) of iron absorption inhibiting drinks (tea, coffee, milk). get good family support (59.6 percent). received the support of good health workers (71.9 percent).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, adherence to iron consumption, drinking iron absorption inhibitors (tea, coffee and milk), family support and support from health workers with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women with a p-value of &lt; 0.05. Fe consumption is the dominant factor in the incidence of anemia in pregnant women (p-value = 0.002).

Hubungan Lama Menstruasi dan Konsumsi Zat Besi dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Remaja Putri

Iron nutrient anemia in adolescents can harm health. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between menstrual periods and iron consumption with hemoglobin levels in young women at SMP Negeri 19 Kota Bengkulu. This study uses a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique was a purposive sampling of 44 young women. Primary data collection is obtained by measuring the hemoglobin values taken using the Easy Touch GCHb tool, menstrual time taken by questionnaire, and knowing daily iron consumption by direct interview using the Semi-FFQ form, while secondary data is obtained by name, class, age, and the total number of young women in SMP Negeri 19 Kota Bengkulu. The test used in this study is the Pearson correlation test. The results showed that the average menstrual period was 7.7 days, the average yield of iron consumption was 8.14mg/day, and the average yield on hemoglobin levels was 11.70g/dl. The test results of the relationship between menstrual periods and hemoglobin levels obtained p value=0.005 with r=-0.417 shows that the strength of a moderate and negative pattern of relationship means that the greater the duration of menstruation, the smaller the hemoglobin level, and there is a relationship between iron consumption and hemoglobin levels obtained p-value=0,000 with r=0.665 shows that the strength of a strong relationship and positive pattern means that the greater the consumption of iron, the greater the hemoglobin level. There is a relationship between the duration of menstruation and hemoglobin levels, iron consumption, and hemoglobin levels.

A novel passive shimming scheme using explicit controlofmagnetic field qualities with minimal useofferromagnetic materials.

In an MRI system, the static magnetic field homogeneity is strictly required especially in ultrahigh field situations. However, owing to the engineering tolerances and system errors, the magnetic field homogeneity of a magnet usually cannot meet the imaging requirement; thus, a shimming operation is always needed. Existing passive shimming methods commonly minimize the peak-peak variations of the magnetic fields over the diameter of spherical volume (DSV), targeting the field quality of 10-20 parts per million (ppm). However, these conventional passive shimming methods can sometimes lead to sub-optimal field quality and iron consumption solutions. Notably, the RMS error (RMSE) value of the field uniformity is inherently unoptimized. This work proposed a novel passive shimming method that can deliver a significantly improved shimming solution by actively controlling the central magnetic field and specific magnetic field deviations in the region of interest. A detailed comparison between the conventional and proposed methods was conducted on a 9.4T human MRI superconducting magnet. The results showed that the new solution had a significant advantage in searching for superior magnetic field homogeneity with less iron piece consumption. Significantly, the RMSE value of the magnetic field over the DSV can be substantially reduced &gt;10 times. The proposed algorithms are also very efficient, taking only several seconds to find the shimming solution. The potential of the magnetic field homogeneity improvement methods will promote the development of high-end MRI systems.

Absolute and Functional Iron Deficiency in Colon Cancer: A Cohort Study.

Background and Objectives: Iron is an essential micronutrient for many biological functions and has been found to be intimately linked to cancer biology. Although the effects of increased dietary iron consumption in the development of CRC have been previously investigated in several cohort studies, the available evidence on the involvement of iron deficiency in this process is relatively scarce. Previously published papers did not analyze specific outcomes, such as the presence of biologically aggressive histopathological characteristics, that are associated with the subtypes of iron deficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between the development of colorectal cancer and the presence of functional iron deficiency (FID), which is defined as insufficient biological availability of iron in the presence of adequate storage reserves, or absolute iron deficiency (AID), which is defined as severely depleted iron storage levels. Materials and Methods: Our paper represents a single center registry-based cohort study. Iron levels were routinely evaluated upon diagnosis of CRC and the collected data were coupled with patient- and tumor-specific data (2018–2022). Spearman’s correlation coefficient and the chi-squared test were used to analyze the association. Results: Out of 129 patients, 75 (58.13%) were anemic. AID was identified in 26.35% of cases and FID was encountered in 51.16% of cases. A statistically significant association between FID and lymphatic invasion was encountered. An analysis of the correlation demonstrated a significant association between anemia and right-sided tumor location. Conclusions: Functional iron deficiency seems to be independently associated with lymphatic invasion. Although a statistically significant correlation with the T or N stage was not demonstrated, the analysis suggested a potential positive relationship between the presence of FID and more aggressive tumor characteristics.

Determinants of anemia status among pregnant women in ethiopia: using 2016 ethiopian demographic and health survey data; application of ordinal logistic regression models

BackgroundAnemia is a serious public health problem that occurs when the blood contains fewer red blood cells than normal. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy increased between 2005 and 2016. The aim of this study was to determine what factors influence the anemia status of pregnant women in Ethiopia.MethodsAnemia status in a sample of 1053 pregnant women was studied using data from Ethiopia's Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Percentages and graphs were used to show the prevalence of anemia. The marginal probability effect was used to determine the contribution of each explanatory variable category to a single response category of anemia level. Ordinal logistic regression models were constructed, and the best-fitting model was selected to reveal significant anemia status variables.ResultsThe prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was found to be 37.51% (3.04% severe, 17.28% moderate, and 17.1% mild anemic). The fitted partial proportional odds model revealed that anemia status of pregnant women was significantly associated with region afar (OR = 0.45; CI: 0.21–0.96), antenatal care visits above 4 (OR = 1.58; CI: 1.03–2.43), parity between 1–2 (OR = 0.47;CI: 0.26–0.85), iron taking (OR = 3.68;CI: 2.41–5.64), and higher education (OR = 4.75;CI: 2.29–9.85).ConclusionsAnemia among pregnant women has been identified as a moderate public health issue in Ethiopia. The study revealed that the prevalence of anemia varied among regions which the highest (65.9%) and the lowest (9%) being from Somali and Addis Ababa, respectively. As a result, it is argued that treatments target iron consumption, maternal education, antenatal visits, and mothers' access to health care.

Post-tanning wastewater treatment using electrocoagulation: Optimization, kinetics, and settlement analysis

Post-tanning process in the tannery industry generates complex wastewater. Continuous electrocoagulation (EC) with carbon-steel electrodes was used to treat synthetic/post-tanning wastewater. Research surface methodology, based on central composite design (RSM-CCD), was used for variables optimization and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to relate all parameters. Optimal variables were identified as initial pH 3.0, current density 6.4 mA m−2, initial dye concentration 125 mg L−1, NaCl concentration 1000 mg L−1, and inlet flow rate 176 mL min−1 to produce 71% dye removal, operational costs (OC) 0.05 US$ m−3, power consumption 1.3 kWh m−3, iron consumption 0.05 kg m−3, dye removal capacity per dissolved mg iron (qe) 4.3 mg Dye L−1 C−1 and total dissolved solids (TDS) removal 43.5%. Best process conditions were used to treat real post-tanning wastewater and resulted in carbon oxygen demand (COD) and TDS abatement (23% and 76%, respectively), as well as low OC (0.84 US$ m−3) and energy consumption (20.6 kWh m−3). Pseudo-first-order kinetic model was found fitting experimental results, having electrical energy per order (EEO) of 1 kW h m−1 order−1 with a higher k = 1.14 min−1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggested the presence of iron nanoparticles within the sludge. All input and output parameters resulted in statistically significant where TDS and qe were the most valued for effective pollutant removal optimization and prevention of TDS increase in treated water. The outcomes of this study suggest EC as a suitable treatment for post-tanning wastewater and further knowledge of steel-carbon EC reactor design and sludge reusing purposes.

Dental caries experience and its relationship to demographic factors in 2- to 6-year-old children in Fars-Iran in 2018.

Among oral conditions, tooth decay is the most common chronic childhood disease. Children's dental caries are influenced by several factors, among which diet is one of the most highlighted ones. The present study was conducted to examine the decayed, missing and filled teeth in primary dentition (dmft) and caries-free (CF) indexes as well as the impact of nutrition and demographic factors on oral health of 2- to 6-year-old children in Fars Province. A cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 2-6 years old to evaluate dmft and CF indices according to the latest WHO standards as well as their demographic characteristics in 2018. A questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 2220 children were recruited. The mean dmft was 1.37 ± 2.69. The components of the dmft score included decay (1.23 ± 2.6), missing (0.03 ± 0.11) and filling (0.11 ± 0.7) in primary dentition, and the prevalence of caries-free children was 66.5%. The results showed that dmft had a significant positive relationship with breastfeeding termination time, maternal education level and maternal age. Birth weight, consumption of iron, vitamin A and D supplements, age at onset of complementary feeding and maternal occupation had no significant relationship with dmft. The tooth decay index of 2- to 6-year-old children in Fars Province is very different from WHO global standards. Therefore, educating mothers about the duration of breastfeeding is important to achieve standard values for the dental caries index.

Hubungan Kadar Fe ASI Dengan Kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) pada Bayi di Kecamatan Mestong tahun 2022

Iron has an important role in the process of neurotransmitter synthesis and myelination of neurons. Lack of iron consumption in the daily diet can cause anemia which is characterized by a decrease in blood hemoglobin levels. Low levels of hemoglobin cause slower growth in infants, which can lead to stunting. One of the main sources of Fe intake in infants is Fe which comes from breast milk given by the mother. This study aims to determine the relationship between Fe levels in breast milk and Hemoglobin levels in infants in Mestong District in 2022. This research is quantitative analytic with a cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in Mestong District (Tempino Public Health Center and Pondok Table Health Center) in March-April 2022. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers and their infants and children aged 0-23 months as many as 3,231 people. The sample in this study was 61 people who were taken using a proportional consecutive sampling technique. The examination of Fe levels in breast milk was carried out by Spectrophotometry, while the hemoglobin levels of infants were checked using a Digital Hb analyzer whose results were calibrated/standardized with the results of blood chemistry Hb. The results showed that statistically there was no relationship between Fe levels in breast milk and hemoglobin levels in infants. However, from 8 mothers whose milk Fe levels were normal, 100% of the hemoglobin levels of their babies and children were in the normal category. Meanwhile, from 53 mothers with low Fe levels in breast milk, as many as 30.2% of their infants and children had low hemoglobin levels.

Iron redistribution induces oxidative burst and resistance in maize against Curvularia lunata.

ΔClnps6 induced iron redistribution in maize B73 leaf cells and resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst to enhance plant resistance against Curvularia lunata. Iron is an indispensable co-factor of various crucial enzymes that are involved in cellular metabolic processes and energy metabolism in eukaryotes. For this reason, plants and pathogens compete for iron to maintain their iron homeostasis, respectively. In our previous study, ΔClnps6, the extracellular siderophore biosynthesis deletion mutant of Curvularia lunata, was sensitive to exogenous hydrogen peroxide and virulence reduction. However, the mechanism was not studied. Here, we report that maize B73 displayed highly resistance to ΔClnps6. The plants recruited more iron at cell wall appositions (CWAs) to cause ROS bursts. Intracellular iron deficiency induced by iron redistribution originated form up-regulated expression of genes involved in intracellular iron consumption in leaves and absorption in roots. The RNA-sequencing data also showed that the expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologue (ZmRBOH4) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme 4 (ZmNADP-ME4) involved in ROS production was up-regulated in maize B73 after ΔClnps6 infection. Simultaneously, jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes lipoxygenase (ZmLOX), allene oxide synthase (ZmAOS), GA degradation gene gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase (ZmGA2OX6) and ABA degradation genes abscisic acid hydroxylase (ZmABH1, ZmABH2) involved in iron homeostasis were up-regulated expression. Ferritin1 (ZmFER1) positive regulated maize resistance against C. lunata via ROS burst under Fe-limiting conditions. Overall, our results showed that iron played vital roles in activating maize resistance in B73-C. lunata interaction.

EFEKTIFITAS KONSUMSI TABLET FE DITAMBAH JUS NAGA MERAH DAN JUS TOMAT TERHADAP HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL ANEMIA

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Anemia in pregnancy is a decrease in hemoglobin levels. This is caused by a lack of iron consumption. The prevalence of anemia in Nilam Sari Health Center Bukittinggiwas 30% in 2017. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of consumption of Fe tablets plus red dragon fruit juice compared to Fe tablets plus tomato juice to increase hemoglobin in pregnant women with anemia.Type of research was True-experiment with the Two Group Pretest Posttest design. The research was conducted at Nilam Sari Public Health Center on April 27 - May 10 2018 to 20 anemia pregnant women with purposive sampling technique. Statistical tests were carried out by the Dependent T-Test. The results of group I study showed an increase in hemoglobin levels of pregnant women before and after the intervention of 0.98. Statistical test results p value = 0,000 (p &amp;lt;0,05), while group II is 1,45. Statistical test results p value = 0,000 (p &amp;lt;0,05) concluded Fe tablets plus red dragon fruit juice and Fe tablets plus tomato juice effectively increase hemoglobin levels. The administration of Fe tablets plus red dragon fruit juice and Fe tablets plus tomato juice is effective for increasing hemoglobin levels. It is expected that the caregiver in the Health Center will provide health education about natural therapies that can help increase hemoglobin levels in anemic pregnant women, one of them is consumption of Fe tablets plus red dragon fruit juice and Fe tablets plus tomato juice.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords: Fe tablet, dragon fruit, tomato fruit, anemia, hemoglobin increase&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Enhanced tetracycline removal by bioelectro-Fenton through boosting Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle from microbial iron conversion

Efficient microbial iron conversion was used to improve the iron cycle efficiency and reduce iron consumption in bioelectro-Fenton, and enhance the microbial activity through Fe2+/Fe3+ electron pair as electron medium. The bioelectro-Fenton with microbial iron cycle self-produced cathodic Fenton catalyst, which exhibited superior H2O2 production, pollutant removal and iron cycle rate. Compared with the conventional bioelectro-Fenton (the control reactor), the H2O2 production was increased by 22.2%, the tetracycline removal (70.3 ± 1.0% of 10 mg L−1, 84.0 ± 0.4% of 20 mg L−1 and 68.4 ± 0.1% of 50 mg L−1) was increased by 23.9%, 22.8% and 32.6%. The Fe2+ cycle rate (79.8–84.1%, based on self-produced Fe2+) was much higher than that of the control (14.6–16.1%), and the microbial Fe2+ cycle provided higher contribution of 78.1–83.0%. The relative abundance of the exoelectrogens and iron-reducing bacteria, and the gene copies of adenosine triphosphate synthase were increased by > 4.0 times, > 5.0 times and 24.3%. These results indicated that the microbial iron cycle improved the system performance by enhancing the microbial anode (electrons factory). The microbial iron cycle provided a new idea and energy-saving mode (produced electricity 0.0712 kW h m−3) to improve the efficiency of bioelectro-Fenton due to the self-produced catalyst, excellent Fe2+ regeneration and long-acting conversion.

0587 Sleep Problems are Associated with Treatment for Anemia in the US Population

Abstract Introduction Anemia is characterized as low circulating hemoglobin and is often treated with an increase in iron consumption. Previous studies have linked anemia with Restless Legs Syndrome. Regarding other sleep disorders, Insomnia has been found to be associated with anemia in children, but the relationship has been understudied in adults. Methods A multinomial logistic regression was conducted on the data collected from 2017 to March 2020 for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, to explore a relationship between those with self-assessed sleep problems and whether the participant was treated for anemia. Sleep problems were assessed using a item asking participants how often they have been bothered by difficulties “falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much,” categorized as “Never,” “Several Days,” “More Than Half the Days” and “Nearly Every Day” in the past 2 weeks. Anemia treatment was characterized as “yes” or “no” based on self-report, with any form of treatment in the past 3 months was considered as “yes.” Reported results were unweighted; weighted results forthcoming. Results Unadjusted results indicate that those being treated for anemia show an increased likelihood of sleep difficulties several days (OR:1.36, [1.07,1.73] p=0.011), more than half the days (OR: 1.59, [1.13,2.25] p=0.008), and nearly every day (OR: 1.85, [1.37,2.50] p&amp;lt;0.001), compared to those who report that they never have sleep difficulties. When adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status, those being treated for anemia show significant increased odds of sleep problems several days (OR: 1.29, [1.01,1.65] p=0.041), more than half the days (OR: 1.50, [1.06,2.14] p=0.024), and nearly every day (OR: 1.55, [1.13,2.13] p=0.006), compared to never. Those being treated for anemia also had a higher likelihood of having short sleep (≤ 6 hours) during the week (OR: 1.56, [1.13,2.15], p=0.007) as well as long sleep( ≥ 9 hours) (OR: 1.75, [1.30,2.36], p&amp;lt;0.001) compared to those that slept a healthy amount, 6.5-8.5 hours a night. Conclusion There was a significant relationship between those treated for anemia the presence of sleep difficulties, as well as short and long sleep. Future studies should assess the associations between anemia and specific sleep characteristics, as sleep problems may be a cause, a consequence, or a marker of anemia. Also, the degree to which these sleep difficulties represent overlap with Restless Legs symptoms should be explored at the population level. Support (If Any)

Phenotypic and genetic associations of quantitative magnetic susceptibility in UK Biobank brain imaging

A key aim in epidemiological neuroscience is identification of markers to assess brain health and monitor therapeutic interventions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures tissue magnetic susceptibility and has been shown to detect pathological changes in tissue iron, myelin and calcification. We present an open resource of QSM-based imaging measures of multiple brain structures in 35,273 individuals from the UK Biobank prospective epidemiological study. We identify statistically significant associations of 251 phenotypes with magnetic susceptibility that include body iron, disease, diet and alcohol consumption. Genome-wide associations relate magnetic susceptibility to 76 replicating clusters of genetic variants with biological functions involving iron, calcium, myelin and extracellular matrix. These patterns of associations include relationships that are unique to QSM, in particular being complementary to T2* signal decay time measures. These new imaging phenotypes are being integrated into the core UK Biobank measures provided to researchers worldwide, creating the potential to discover new, non-invasive markers of brain health.

Efficient recovery of dissolved Fe(II) from near neutral pH Fenton via microbial electrolysis

Fe(II) regeneration from ferric sludge via a biocathode and citrate system has recently been proposed to avoid iron-sludge accumulation and iron consumption in homogeneous Fenton treatments. However, poor regeneration rate of Fe(II) from ferric sludge at a near-neutral pH, without an iron-complexing agent, limited its wider practical application. Here, a biocathode augmented with Geobacter sulfurreducens hosted by a microbial electrolysis cell was developed to efficiently regenerate dissolved Fe(II) from ferric sludge at near-neutral pH levels, without using iron-complexing agents. In the Geobacter sulfurreducens-rich biocathode without complexing agents, the regeneration rate of dissolved Fe(II) increased three-fold compared with the biocathode before inoculating Geobacter sulfurreducens. The highest concentration of dissolved Fe(II) increased from 45 mg Fe/L to 199 mg Fe/L at pH 6 when 0.5 V of voltage was applied. Furthermore, 84 mg Fe/L of dissolved Fe(II) was successfully regenerated from ferric sludge during the 123 days' operation of flow-through biocathode. Finally, the regenerated Fe(II) solution without organic matters was successfully applied in a near-neutral pH Fenton treatment to remove recalcitrant pollutants. This Geobacter sulfurreducens-rich biocathode, with its low chemical consumption, high regeneration rate and feasibility for continuous flow operation, offers a more efficient method to realize iron-free in homogeneous Fenton treatments.

Effective removal of dissolved silica from white carbon black wastewater by iron electrode electrocoagulation: Process optimization and simulation

The chemical coagulation method treats White Carbon Black (WCB) wastewater with high cost and low silica removal rate. Meanwhile, aluminum electrode is mostly used in the treatment of SiO2-containing wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC), however, the price of aluminum is high despite the effective removal. This work is dedicated to the application of cheap iron electrode to achieve effective removal of dissolved silica from WCB wastewater with low energy consumption. Through system optimization design, the current density (i), plate spacing (l), plate-to-water ratio (n) and electrode passivation (a) were synergistically regulated to improve the SiO2 removal rate of iron. In addition, the electricity, concentration, velocity and temperature field distributions of the silica removal system were investigated by a multiphysical field coupled simulation model. An optimal silica removal rate of 97.4% was obtained with the theoretical iron consumption of 0.251 g Fe/L, adsorption capacity of 660 mg SiO2/(g Fe L) and electricity consumption of 0.312 Wh/L. The simulations found that EC facilitates mass and heat transfer in the cell, while the anode with square holes is more favorable to enhance the iron corrosion rate. Eventually, a new, efficient and simple approach was proposed compared to chemical coagulation for silica removal from WCB wastewater.

Insights into transition metal encapsulated N-doped CNTs cathode for self-sufficient electrocatalytic degradation

In electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), a series of transition metal encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (M@N-C, M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) as bifunctional cathodes were synthesized to compare and uncover their activity trends, fulfilling the self-sufficient electrocatalytic degradation. The sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation activity trends were follows: Co@N-C>Fe@N-C>Ni@N-C>Cu@N-C cathode at pH≤ 7, while the Fe@N-C cathode exhibited the highest activity at pH 9 due to the more 1O2 and atomic H*. In-situ Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggested that the atomic H* was easier to generate under the action of pyridinic N on Fe@N-C cathode. Overall, various pollutants degradation on Fe@N-C cathode performed with good stability with low leaching iron (0.12 mg L−1) and low energy consumption (<0.3 kWh∙log−1∙m−3). This study sheds light on different mechanisms of reactive species production on M@N-C cathode, thus providing guidance for the selectivity between M@N-C via active species and pollutants.