Iron Consumption Research Articles

Consumption Of Zinc (Zn) And Iron (Fe) And Hemoglobin Levels In Female Students Of Senior High School 1 Gianyar

Young women are susceptible to nutritional problems, one of which is anemia. The cause of anemia is the lack of consumption of macro and micronutrients, such as iron and zinc. The problem of anemia in adolescent girls will cause adverse effects such as causing babies born with low weight, stunting babies, and high prenatal mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between zinc and iron consumption and hemoglobin levels in high school students Negeri 1 Gianyar. The type of data in this study is analytical using a cross sectional design. The population in this study was grade 11 and 12 students with a sample of 60 people selected by random sampling. Data on zinc and iron consumption were obtained using a 24-hour food recall questionnaire processed using the 2007 Nutri Survey program, and hemoglobin levels were obtained by digital multicheck method, namely with GCHb Easy Touch. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis using the Spearman rank test. The results showed the level of zinc and iron consumption was still lacking. The average consumption of zinc and iron after the data was processed was zinc consumption which was 4.3 mg and iron consumption was 4.5 mg.

Agronomy biofortification of wheat grain in a saline and calcareous soil

Agronomy biofortification is an important crop management strategy to enhance concentrations of micronutrients in edible portions. The availability of micronutrients for plant uptake is reduced by the high salinity, pH, and lime of soils. Hence, this study aimed to determine the most appropriate time and the best ratio of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) consumption during the wheat growth stages in a saline and calcareous soil. The experiment consisted of two factors with four levels; 0, 30, 60, and 120 kg Zn ha−1 as Zn0, Zn1, Zn2, and Zn3 respectively, and 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 kg Fe ha−1 as Fe0, Fe1, Fe2, and Fe3 respectively, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that the interaction effects of Fe and Zn fertilizers application were significant on the wheat yield indices and concentration of Fe and Zn in wheat shoots and grain. The simultaneous application of 120 kg Zn ha−1 and 5 kg Fe ha−1 caused significant improvement (p < 0.05) in thousand kernel weight (9.1%) and subsequently grain yield (23.4%) compared to the control treatment. The Zn concentration in the wheat shoot during tillering (37.0–58.2 mg Zn kg−1) was higher than the other two growth stages (elongation (29.2–40.8 mg Zn kg−1) and booting (20.0–31.0 mg Zn kg−1)). While the highest Fe concentration in wheat shoots was observed at the stem elongation stage (98.5–268.8 mg Fe kg−1), then the booting stage (91.0–150.8 mg Fe kg−1) and finally the least absorption was at the tillering (80.0–120.0 mg Fe kg−1). Because of the high calcium carbonate, salinity and Zn- deficient soil of the experimental site, the Zn concentration in wheat grain was obtained in a range of 3 to 19 mg kg−1. The results clarified that the fertilizer application of 30 kg Zn ha−1 and 2.5 kg Fe ha−1 can be proportionally and simultaneously increased the concentration of Fe and Zn in wheat grain by 100%. Therefore, the soil application of 30 kg Zn and 2.5 kg Fe per hectare proposed for improvement in quantitative (619 kg ha−1 increase in wheat grain yield) and qualities (100% increase in grain Zn and Fe concentration and 8% increase in thousand kernel weight) indices of wheat yield in calcareous and saline soils.

Assessment of nutritional status, physical fitness and physical activity of school going adolescents (12–15 years) in Delhi

BackgroundAdolescence is a distinct period that is crucial for setting the foundation for long-term health.ObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status, physical fitness, and physical activity of adolescents.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study recruited 100 adolescents purposively. Information regarding general profile and lifestyle-related factors was collected using a questionnaire. Anthropometric data such as height, weight, BMI, and body fat% were collected using appropriate equipment. Physical fitness was assessed using a battery adapted from FITNESSGRAM® and PAQ-A assessed the physical activity. Dietary intake was analysed using a 2-day 24-hour dietary recall.ResultThe study revealed, 19% of the participants were overweight and 6% were obese. The majority (74%) were physically inactive and 15% had high body fat %. There was lower consumption of energy, carbohydrates, iron, and calcium, than the recommendations. Also, physical activity scores were negatively associated with macronutrient intake and trunk lift (strength and flexibility) [p < 0.05]. Data showed lower physical fitness scores. BMI and hand-grip strength was positively correlated [p < 0.05]. Push Ups (endurance) and Standing Broad Jump (power) showed a negative correlation with body fat%. Tennis ball throw and PACER (cardiorespiratory fitness) were positively associated with protein intake. A multiple regression analysis significantly showed that a unit increase in cell phone usage increases body fat% by 11.64 units. Standing broad jump increases by 38.6 cm and decreases with 28.76 cm with a unit increase in playing outside and tuitions timings respectively.ConclusionPoor nutritional status, physical fitness, and physical activity were reported among adolescents. It is imperative to plan intervention strategies to improve the overall health of adolescents.

Intervention of Providing Iron Consumption Education to Prevent the Risk of Bleeding in Mrs. I Spontaneous Postpartum with Anemia

Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of 150,000 maternal deaths each year worldwide, and nearly 4 out of 5 such deaths occur within 4 hours of delivery. One of the factors that can cause postpartum hemorrhage is the presence of anemia in pregnant women, which can be caused by iron and vitamin B12 deficiency. If anemia is not treated during pregnancy, it can impact the postpartum period by increasing the risk of uterine atony and significant bleeding. The purpose of this study was to explain nursing care in postpartum mothers with anemia using an educational intervention of iron consumption to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies as the main method, using observation sheets, interviews, and documentation studies. The subject of this study was one postpartum maternal patient with anemia at RSUD Waled Cirebon. The results of the case study showed clinical success in the absence of signs and symptoms of bleeding, improvement in the mother's condition, although breast milk expenditure was still not optimal. The implication of this study is that effective nursing care delivery can meet patient needs and prevent further complications such as postpartum hemorrhage.

The Effectiveness of MONOGAMIA (Monopoly to Prevent Anemia) on Female Adolescent Knowledge about Anemia Prevention and Consumption of Iron Supplement

Introduction: The leading causes of anaemia in female adolescents are iron and nutrient deficiencies, excessive blood loss during menstruation, and incorrect diet due to a lack of knowledge of female adolescents about the prevention of anaemia and the consumption of iron supplement tablets. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of MONOGAMIA on the knowledge level of female adolescents.Methods: The research design was a quasi-experiment pre-post-test with control group. The sample was 96 female students divided into two groups at Senior High School East Lombok from October 4-14, 2024. The intervention group used MONOGAMIA, and the control group used the CEMARI Flip Chart. The Fe tablet was given for four weeks. Data collection used questionnaires of knowledge and iron supplement consumption compliance cards. Knowledge pre-test and post-test were taken on the same day in both groups, and compliance with iron consumption was taken one week after education. The research data were analysed using Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney, and Chi-Square (α&lt;0.05). Results: Both groups had a significant difference in knowledge of anaemia prevention before and after education (p&lt;0.001). There was a significant difference in knowledge about anaemia prevention after education between two groups (p = 0.000). There was a significant difference in iron supplement consumption between the intervention and control group after education (p = 0.028). Conclusion: MONOGAMIA is more effective in increasing knowledge about anaemia prevention and iron supplement consumption in female adolescents than CEMARI. MONOGAMIA can be used to educate female adolescents on how to prevent anaemia.

Description of Iron, Protein Intake, Compliance with Government Activity Blood Supplement Tablets Consumption and Consumption Patterns of Iron Inhibitors in Adolescent Girls at Public High School 1 Barat Magetan District

Anemia is common in developing countries such as Indonesia. Government prevention efforts to overcome iron deficiency are by giving Blood Addition Tablets and also improving diet. Identify the intake of protein iron consumption, compliance consumption of government activity blood supplement tablets and consumption patterns of iron inhibitors in SMA Negeri 1 Barat Magetan District. This research is a descriptive study. Data collection by interview with a questionnaire instrument compliance consumption of blood supplement tablets and food intake interview with SQ-FFQ questionnaire. The number of respondents was 58 students with proportional random sampling technique. The percentage of students who did not consume blood supplement tablets (67.2%). The level of iron intake was deficient (62.1%), students consumed tannin very often (25.9%), consumption of phytic acid often (48.3%), and the level of protein intake was severely deficient (79.3%). Most students did not consume the given blood supplement tablets. Most students had iron deficiency and protein intake levels that were severely deficient. The students also had a frequent category in consuming phytic acid and also had a frequent category in consuming phytic acid. Schools are advised to hold counseling on anemia and balanced nutrition, and blood supplement tablets supplementation activities.

АНАЛІЗ РЕСУРСОЕФЕКТИВНИХ СПОСОБІВ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТАЛОБРУХТУ У КОНВЕРТЕРНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ

In the modern realities of steelmaking in Ukraine, the price policy for liquid iron and scrap metal, which are dynamically changing, forces steel producers to constantly change the technological mode of converter melting. In the workshops that operate and have operated, at one time, to one degree or another, they underwent industrial inspection and the implementation of technology aimed at reducing the consumption of cast iron. The technologies implemented at enterprises, which allow to reduce the consumption of liquid iron by 45-50 kg per one ton of steel, raise the issue of the amount of energy consumption accompanying these processes. Analysis of methods aimed at further increasing the share of scrap in converter production allows us to draw conclusions about the prospects of using the least energy-consuming of them in the steel industry of Ukraine.

Effect of a 12-week nutritional intervention in the food intake of patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundInadequate food intake contributes to malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis on the waiting list for liver transplantation (LTx). ObjectiveTo evaluate food intake during 12 weeks of nutritional follow-up and assess factors independently associated with the difference between caloric and protein intake in LTx patients. MethodsA secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effects of HMB supplementation in patients on a liver transplant waiting list. Dietary guidelines for patients with cirrhosis were used to prescribe the nutritional plan (35kcal/kg; 1.5g/kg dry weight for protein) and to evaluate the nutritional goals (30kcal/kg; 1.2g/kg dry weight for protein). Food intake was assessed in six moments: Baseline, week 0(W0), week 2(W2), week 4(W4), week 8(W8), and week 12(W12). ResultsForty-seven patients (55.0±10.6y;72.3% male) were evaluated. Only 25.5% (n=12) of patients achieve nutritional goals at the end of the study. The mean energy intake in baseline was 1782±784kcal (27.6±13.2kcal/kg) without difference between times. The protein intake increased between week W0 [63.4±29.8g; 0.8(0.2-2.2g/kg)] and W8 [72.0±28.0g; 1.0(0.4–2.6g/kg); p=0.03; p=0.03, respectively]. The consumption of cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and niacin increased (p<0.05), as well as the consumption of the leguminous; roots and tubers; dairy; and meat, poultry, and fish groups through the time (p<0.05). The presence of ascites, patients nourished, frailty index classification, short physical performance battery score, systemic symptoms, and emotional function were independently associated with the caloric intake difference W12-Baseline (p<0.05). Diabetes mellitus, patients with moderately malnourishment, poor performance, fatigue, systemic symptoms, and emotional function were independently associated with the difference in protein intake between W12-Baseline (p<0.05). ConclusionPatients on the liver transplant waiting list showed slight food intake improvement during the follow-up, but few met nutritional guidelines. Various clinical and nutritional factors independently affected energy and protein intake from W12 to baseline.

Dietary Iron Overload Triggers Hepatic Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation in Laying Hen.

Iron, an essential trace element, is involved in various physiological processes; however, consumption of excessive iron possesses detrimental effects. In practical feed production, the iron content added to feeds often far exceeds the actual demand, resulting in an excess of iron in the body. The liver as a central regulator of iron homeostasis is susceptible to damage caused by disorders in iron metabolism. A model of hepatic iron overload in laying hens was developed in this study by incorporating iron into their diet, and the specific mechanisms underlying iron overload-induced hepatic injury were investigated. Firstly, this study revealed that a high-iron diet resulted in hepatic iron overload, accompanied by impaired liver function. Next, assessment of oxidative stress markers indicated a decrease in activities of T-SOD and CAT, coupled with an increase in MDA content, pointing to the iron-overloaded liver oxidative stress. Thirdly, the impact of iron overload on hepatic glycolipid and bile acid metabolism-related gene expressions were explored, including PPAR-α, GLUT2, and CYP7A1, highlighting disruptions in hepatic metabolism. Subsequently, analyses of inflammation-related genes such as iNOS and IL-1β at both protein and mRNA levels demonstrated the presence of inflammation in the liver under conditions of dietary iron overload. Overall, this study provided comprehensive evidence that dietary iron overload contributed to disorders in glycolipid and bile acid metabolism, accompanied by inflammatory responses in laying hens. Further detailing the specific pathways involved and the implications of these findings could offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in poultry nutrition.

Status Gizi, Tingkat Konsumsi Zat Gizi Besi (Fe) dan Siklus Menstruasi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Remaja Putri

Background: There are many factors that can cause anemia, including nutritional status, low consumption levels (fe) and abnormal menstrual cycles. Aims: To determine the relationship between nutritional status, levels of consumption of Fe iron nutrients and menstrual cycles with the incidence of anemia in female adolescents at SMPN 18, Merangin Regency. Methods : This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and data collection by means of interviews, checking Hb and distributing questionnaires. The number of samples is 48 teenagers. Data analysis in this study used Univariate and Bivariate analysis using the chi square test to determine the relationship between the dependent variable (Nutritional Status, Consumption Level of iron (fe) nutrients and Menstrual Cycle) with the dependent variable (The incidence of anemia in young women) Results: The results showed that the percentage of under/over nutritional status was 29 respondents (60.4%), the level of iron (fe) consumption was lacking by 35 respondents (72.9%), the menstrual cycle was abnormal by 30 (62.5%). %), the incidence of anemia was 43 (89.6%). There is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia (p = 0.041), there is a relationship between the consumption level of iron (fe) and the incidence of anemia (p = 0.006) and there is a relationship between the menstrual cycle and the incidence of anemia (p = 0.022). Conclusion: In this study it can be concluded that the incidence of anemia is quite high in SMPN 18 Merangin District. It is recommended for adolescents to maintain their food intake, because it affects health.

Evaluasi Efektivitas Intervensi pada Ibu Hamil dengan Anemia di Indonesia: Studi Literatur

An in-depth understanding of the background of the problem of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is crucial for designing and implementing more effective intervention programs. Effective prevention and intervention programs and efforts to holistically increase nutritional awareness in society are a must to achieve positive change in overcoming anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia. To analyze more deeply the extent to which previous research has investigated interventions for pregnant women with anemia in Indonesia. This research uses the PRISMA literature review, through a digital library database that is connected to various scientific publication pages through keywords such as "Anemia", "Pregnant Women", "Anemia of Pregnant Women", and "Anemia Intervention". Research methods include quantitative, qualitative methods and reviews related to intervention strategies for pregnant women with anemia in Indonesia. Effective interventions for pregnant women with anemia include health education, a combination of blood supplement tablets and juices and consumption of iron from natural sources. Interventions based on a sustainable and integrated approach, involving various parties including families, communities, government, private parties and non-government partners, are needed to achieve significant and sustainable changes in tackling anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia.

Monitoring the utilization and effectiveness of Iron and Vitamin D supplementations program and its predictive factors in high schools' girls in Qom, Iran.

Iron and Vitamin D3 deficiency is one of the major global health problems in teenagers and adolescent population. This study was aimed to monitor the utilization and predictive factors of Iron and Vitamin D Supplementations Program (IVDSP) in high schools' girls. In a cross sectional study, the pattern of Iron and D3 consumption based on IVDSP on 400 high schools' girl in Qom, Iran assesses. Data collection was used by a reliable and standard researcher based questionnaire and daily, weekly, monthly and seasonally consumption of complementary minerals in schools were gathered. Data analysis conducted using SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) by chi square, independent t-test and multivariate logistic regression. The mean age of subjects was 15.14 ± 1.52 years and ranged from 12 to 18 years old. The total weekly prevalence of D3 and Iron consumption in high schools' girls was calculated 36.73% and the weekly prevalence of Iron and monthly prevalence of Vitamin D3 consumption was 33.75% and 40.5%, respectively. The most common causes of non-consumption were bad taste 49.31%, Iranian made drug 20.27%, drug sensitivity 19.82% and drug interaction 10.60%, respectively. The inadequate and incomplete rate of IVDSP in Qom was high and more than 60% of distributed supplementations have been wasted. Results showed that students who were participated in educational orientation classes were more successful and eager in Iron and Vitamin D3 consumption. Therefore, more educational explanatory interventions for both students and her parents recommended to increase the efficiency of the program.

Iron deficiency anemia in pediatric children at Kalmunai North Base Hospital, Sri Lanka

&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; This study's aim was to estimate association between the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and associated risk factors among children at Kalmunai north in Sri Lanka during COVID-19. &lt;b&gt;Material and Methods: &lt;/b&gt;During the pandemic, 101 children aged between 1and 14 years were involved in the cross sectional study. Hemoglobin levels, serum ferritin and C-recactive protein (CRP) were measured to determine anemia. Additionally, dietary intake, socioeconomic status, and demographic information were collected through interviews with the caregivers. Chi-square tests and Pearson correlation were used to investigate connections between IDA and other factors such as demographic characteristics and eating habits. In addition, a multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of IDA. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; 7.9% of children were found to be anemic at Kalmunai Base Hospital. Low dietary iron consumption was revealed as a significant risk factor for IDA. Meat, liver, fish, chicken, fresh milk, dark green leafy vegetables, and black tea were found to be independent predictors of IDA, explaining 57.7% of the variation in IDA frequency (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; value = 57.7%; P&amp;lt; 0.001). Consuming dark green leafy vegetables, poultry, liver, beef, and fish are linked to a lower incidence of IDA in children. On the other hand, a higher risk of IDA appears to be associated with increased consumption of fresh milk and black tea. In conclusion, this study focuses on Dietary factors, especially the consumption of particular foods, were found to be significant contributors of IDA, even if demographic parameters did not differ significantly from IDA. Strategies to increase iron intake and dietary diversity, particularly among young children, are critical in the fight against IDA.

Evaluation of the factors associated with anemia in neonates admitted to the Neonatal Unit of Maiwand Teaching Hospital: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundWhile anemia has been associated with severe outcomes in neonates, there is a lack of scientific data regarding the associated factors of this problem in newborn babies of Afghanistan; hence, this study was undertaken to fill that gap. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with anemia in neonates who were admitted to the Neonatal Unit. MethodsThis analytic cross-sectional study with retrospective document review was conducted at the Neonatal Unit of the Maiwand Teaching Hospital in Kabul City, Afghanistan, in 2023. SPSS 26 and certain statistical methods were used to carry out the statistical analysis. ResultsOf the 220 newborns enrolled in this study, anemia occurred in 26.8% of them. Based on gestational age, the occurrence rates of neonatal anemia within groups of term and preterm neonates were 23% and 41.3%, respectively. The occurrence of neonatal anemia was found to be 60% in extremely low birth weight, 41.2% in very low birth weight, 27.2% in low-birth-weight neonates, and 23.9% in normal birth weight neonates. The neonates in the anemic group versus the non-anemic group had a mean birth weight of (2516.18 ± 898.79 vs 2749.62 ± 766.02 g, P = 0.03, 95%CI= -691_-9.9), a mean gestational age of (35.47 ± 3.7 vs 37.4 ± 2.5 w, P = 0.04, 95% CI= -1.6_ -0.9), a mean age of (11.41 ± 6.39 vs 9.9 ± 6.88 days, P = 0.35, 95%CI= -1.6_4.6), a mean CRP level of (13.6 ± 7.6 vs 9.8 ± 5.6 mg, P = 0.01, 95%CI= 0.8_7.8) and a mean hemoglobin level of (11.1 ± 1.7 vs 17.3 ± 2.5 g, P = 0.04, 95%CI=-7.4_-5.1). There was a significant association between neonatal anemia and preterm birth (OR=2.4, P = 0.04, 95%CI=0.08_0.5), male sex (OR=2.4, P = 0.04, 95%CI= 0.1_0.3), neonatal sepsis (OR=2.5, P = 0.01, 95%CI= 0.1_ 0.6), cesarean delivery (OR=3.4, P = 0.00, 95%CI=1.7_6.5), maternal age greater than 35 years (OR=2.9, P = 0.03, 95%CI=0.04_0.6), no iron intake by the mother during pregnancy (OR=1.9, P = 0.002, 95%CI=1.1_3.4), antepartum hemorrhage (OR=4.7, P = 0.00, 95%CI=1.3_10.3), and poor household income (OR=2.6, P = 0.03, 95%CI=0.03_0.2). ConclusionsNewborns admitted to the Neonatal Unit had a significant prevalence of neonatal anemia. The highest occurrence rates were seen within groups of preterm and extremely low-birth-weight newborn babies. Neonatal anemia was found to be associated with lower mean neonatal birth weight and gestational age, as well as with preterm birth, male sex, a higher CRP level, neonatal sepsis, older maternal age, cesarean delivery, no maternal iron consumption, antepartum hemorrhage, and a poor household income.

Prevalence of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area of Jharkhand, India

Background: Anemia accounts for a majority of the nutritional problem across the globe. The prevalence of anemia is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and indigent access to the healthcare services. Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt; therefore they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 255 adolescent girls. After getting informed consent from the subjects, the information regarding age, socio demographic status, menstrual history, and short clinical details were recorded. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using automated hematology analyzer. Results and Discussion: Overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 48.63% (n = 124). The majority of the anemic girls (55.64%, n = 69) were having mild degree of anemia. Among 255 girls, 188 (73.73%) were from the early adolescent age group (10–14 years). Prevalence of anemia (52.24%) was high among the late adolescents and those belonging to low socioeconomic class. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anemia and socioeconomic status, dietary modification, nutritional supplementation, and helminthes control; in addition, compliance with consumption of iron and folic acid tablets will prevent anemia to a great extent among adolescent girls.

Evaluation of dietary composition between hemoglobin categories, total body iron content and adherence to multi-micronutrients in preschooler residents of the highlands of Puno, Peru

BackgroundThe anemia prevalence is higher in highlands populations. It is assumed that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children is mainly due to low dietary intake. However, other suggest that high prevalence of anemia is due to an inappropriate hemoglobin (Hb) adjustment for altitude.Materials and methodsCross-sectional study conducted in 338 preschoolers (PSC) from Puno-Peru. Hb was measured in whole blood, and ferritin, Soluble transferrin receptor, and Interleukin 6 in serum.The dietary iron intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall, using NutriCap Software. Hb concentration was assessed as adjusted or unadjusted for altitude.ResultsWith unadjusted Hb, the anemia prevalence was 4.7%, whereas after Hb correction, the prevalence raised-up to 65.6% (p < 0.001). Reciprocally, erythrocytosis proportion decreased from 20.35 to 0.30% (p < 0.001). Total Body Iron (TBI) showed that 7.44% had ID and 0.32% had IDA. PSC with normal unadjusted Hb levels have more protein and micronutrients intake than anemic ones. PSC with erythrocytosis consumed less fat, and more niacin and ascorbic acid than anemics. Total iron intake was lower in anemic than the other groups, but without statistical significance due to the standard deviation of the data in a small number of anemic PSC (n = 16). TBI, unadjusted Hb, and adjusted Hb were not different between groups consuming or not multimicronutrients.ConclusionsThe consumption of iron and iron status in children who live at high altitude is adequate, and that anemia could be due to other micronutrient deficiencies and/or that the adjustment of Hb by altitude is inappropriate.

Decomposition of the site-level energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of the iron and steel industry.

Identifying the key factors influencing energy consumption and CO2 emissions is necessary for developing effective energy conservation and emission mitigation policies. Previous studies have focused mainly on decomposing changes in energy consumption and CO2 emissions at the national, regional, or sectoral levels, while the perspective of site-level decomposition has been neglected. To narrow this gap in research, a site-level decomposition of energy- and carbon-intensive iron and steel sites is discussed. In this work, the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method is used to decompose the changes in the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of iron and steel sites. The results show that the production scale significantly contributes to the increase in both energy consumption and CO2 emissions, with cumulative contributions of 229.63 and 255.36%, respectively. Energy recovery and credit emissions are two key factors decreasing site-level energy consumption and CO2 emissions, with cumulative contributions to the changes in energy consumption and CO2 emissions of -158.30 and -160.45%, respectively. A decrease in energy, flux, and carbon-containing material consumption per ton of steel promotes direct emission reduction, and purchased electricity savings greatly contribute to indirect emission reduction. In addition, site products and byproducts promote an increase in credit emissions and ultimately inhibit an increase in the total CO2 emissions of iron and steel sites.

High-iron consumption decreases copper accumulation and colon length, and alters serum lipids

In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that a significant increase in dietary iron intake disrupts the regulation of copper availability, ultimately leading to systemic copper deficiency. To investigate this, we conducted experiments using five-week-old male weanling Sprague–Dawley rats fed diets based on AIN-93G with some modifications. These diets featured varying iron content, offering choices of adequate iron (~ 120 μg/g, near the upper limit [UL]) or high iron (~ 7544 μg/g), along with low (~ 0.3 μg/g), adequate (~ 6 μg/g), or high (~ 153 μg/g) levels of dietary copper over a 5-week period. Rats consuming the high-iron diets displayed anemia, reduced copper levels in their organs and feces, and shortened colon lengths. Increased dietary iron intake resulted in an overall reduction in copper distribution within the body, likely leading to severe copper deficiency-related disorders in the experimental rats. However, the physiological disturbances caused by a high-iron diet were prevented when additional copper was included in the rodent diet. Furthermore, high iron intake led to copper deprivation, and high iron consumption resulted in elevated serum cholesterol levels. However, increasing dietary copper consumption led to a decrease in overall serum cholesterol levels. Additionally, serum alkaline phosphate and aspartate aminotransferase levels were increased by high-iron feeding, regardless of dietary copper concentration, while alanine aminotransferase levels decreased.

Nutritional intake, environmental factors, and their impact on myopia prevalence in Korean children aged 5–12 years

BackgroundMyopia is a complex condition influenced by numerous factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Although evidence indicates that certain dietary factors may influence the development of myopia, this relationship is still not completely understood and is a topic of ongoing research.MethodsThis study analyzed the relationship between dietary habits, environmental factors, and the prevalence of myopia in a sample of 24,345 children aged 5–12 years from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). The average daily intake of dietary nutrients associated with the refractive error status of the participants was analyzed using analysis of variance (GLM) and the Scheffe method for post-hoc comparison. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted between the participant’s refractive error status and daily dietary nutrient intake, while taking into consideration the age, sex, BMI, parental myopia, and near-work hours.ResultsThe risk of myopia increased with age, especially notable between ages 11 and 12, and was higher in children with both parents having myopia. Dietary factors played a crucial role; children with myopia had significantly lower intake of fat, omega-3 fatty acids, and retinol but higher intake of other nutrients compared to emmetropic and hyperopic counterparts. High consumption of carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, iron, potassium, and sodium was associated with increased myopia risk. High sodium intake was particularly associated with a 2.05-fold increased myopia risk.ConclusionsThis study highlights the significant role of diet and lifestyle choices in the development of myopia in children. Our findings suggest the importance of considering these specific factors in the management and prevention strategies for myopia, underscoring the need for targeted interventions in children's health and vision care.

Association between household income levels and nutritional intake of allergic children under 6 years of age in Korea: 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and application of machine learning.

This study investigated the prevalence of allergic diseases in Korean children aged 6 and below, focusing on the interplay between nutritional status, household income levels, and allergic disease occurrence. This study used data from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationwide comprehensive survey, and included a representative sample of 30,382 children under the age of 6 to investigate in detail the relationship between allergic diseases, nutritional intake, and socioeconomic factors. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with allergic diseases, including gender, BMI, eating habits, dietary supplement intake, and nutrient consumption. To predict childhood asthma, 14 machine learning models were compared using the 'pycaret' package in Python. We discerned that 24.7% were diagnosed with allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Notably, household income exhibited a significant influence, with the lowest income quartile exhibiting higher prevalence rates of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and multiple allergic diseases. In contrast, the highest income quartile displayed lower rates of allergic rhinitis. Children diagnosed with allergic diseases demonstrated compromised intake of essential nutrients such as energy, dietary fiber, vitamin B1, sodium, potassium, and iron. Particularly noteworthy were the deficits in dietary fiber, vitamin A, niacin, and potassium intake among children aged 3-5 with allergies. Logistic regression analysis further elucidated that within low-income families, female children with higher BMIs, frequent dining out, dietary supplement usage, and altered consumption of vitamin B1 and iron faced an elevated risk of allergic disease diagnosis. Additionally, machine learning analysis pinpointed influential predictors for childhood asthma, encompassing BMI, household income, subjective health perception, height, and dietary habits. Our findings underscore the pronounced impact of income levels on the intricate nexus between allergic diseases and nutritional status. Furthermore, our machine learning insights illuminate the multifaceted determinants of childhood asthma, where physiological traits, socioeconomic circumstances, environmental factors, and dietary choices intertwine to shape disease prevalence. This study emphasizes the urgency of tailored nutritional interventions, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, while also underscoring the necessity for comprehensive longitudinal investigations to unravel the intricate relationship between allergic diseases, nutritional factors, and socioeconomic strata.