Irkutsk Region Research Articles

Stoilo—A Paleolithic Site in the Southern Angara Region, Siberia

On the basis of findings of the autumn 2021 field season, we present the first information on the Paleolithic site of Stoilo (Usolsky District of the Irkutsk Region). The site, located on the left bank of the Angara River, belongs to the Belaya geoarchaeological region. The complex is enclosed in pre-Holocene sediments relating to the residual gruspebble crust, which overlies the soliflucion layer tentatively dating to the Late Karga–Early Sartan period. The analysis of the lithics, mostly made on siliceous rocks, indicates prismatic reduction resulting in small blades. The toolkit consists of small pieces, including various types of spurred tools, burins, knives on naturally backed blades, retouched blades and flakes with use-wear, and a heavy-duty pebble tool. A specific feature of the complex is that most artifacts reveal superficial traces of minor corrasion—a weak surface gloss. This and the fact that the material relates to the gruspebble layer might be viewed as formal indicators of the “Makarovo Horizon”. However, the totality of typological and technological features and the structure of the sediments suggest that Stoilo represents the middle stage of the Upper Paleolithic, dating to the Early Sartan stage. To confirm this assumption, further excavations are needed in order to augment the collection and obtain more environmental data.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ БИОГАЗОВОЙ КОГЕНЕРАЦИОННОЙ УСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОСНАБЖЕНИЯ ТЕПЛИЧНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

For the yearround population by vegetables supplying, it is necessary enclosed area’s crops growing. At the same time, vegetable production’s cost prevailing in the Irkutsk region is thermal energy to the greenhouse’s complex supplying. One of the ways of this problem solving is thermal energy by a biogas cogeneration’s installation producing. To provide heat supply due to such biogas cogeneration installation, biogas that consists of 55-75% methane is used, the rest are the impurities. Biogas in methane tanks due to the livestock farms’ organic waste anaerobic digestion is produced. Thus, at the same time, the problem of livestock by products in agricultural enterprises recycling is being solved. It is known that there are no greenhouses’ operating all year round in the Irkutsk region. The task is to find out if cattle farm will be able a greenhouse complex with an area of 500 m2 with by products’ processing the thermal energy’s necessary amount providing. An analytical dependence is presented for the thermal energy’s required amount calculate that by a biogas cogeneration installation for a greenhouse complex producing. The Irkutsk region greenhouse complex thermal processes calculation conditions’ was carried out. The temperature of the coldest five day period with a security of 0,92 was -33°C. Heat losses through structures enclosing, transoms and due to infiltration are calculated. A heat month losses’ graph is constructed. It was revealed that heat’s most losses through structures enclosing are lost. The calculations provide for soil heating as well. The heating devices required surface which will be 207 m2 was also calculated. Based on previous studies, it was revealed that the cattle farm’s theoretical energy potential a greenhouse complex with its own thermal energy can providing.

The economic situation and ways to solve the environmental problems in the city of Ust-Kut

<p>The Ust-Kutsky district and its center, the Ust-Kut city, have become the fastest growing in the Irkutsk region of Russia in the last decade. Ust-Kut is a very important settlement for the economic development of the northern territories of the Irkutsk region and the southern territories of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The city is a key transport hub, where various types of transport routes converge: railway, aviation, automobile, river, and product pipeline. There are deposits of various minerals near Ust-Kut. The timber mining and timber-processing industries are represented here as much as possible. On the other hand, Ust-Kut is one of the ten most air-polluted cities in the Irkutsk region. Most of the air pollution consists of substances formed as a result of fuel combustion. The unfavorable air regime of the city is influenced by climatic conditions: relatively weak winds and temperature inversions in winter. The oil and gas deposits located nearby may help solve the problem of air pollution by gasification of Ust-Kut. In addition, water and soil pollution have been noted in the city due to technological problems of wastewater disposal, garbage collection, and recycling, as well as certain types of industrial waste processing. Therefore, the main task of the sustainable development of the city is to solve its environmental problems. Ust-Kut's environmental problems are solved at the expense of financial resources from government programs, which are not sufficient. But the tax on mining is completely federal, as these funds do not remain in the territory. Through this research, we have searched for ways to achieve a balance between economic development and environmental well-being in Ust-Kut. Specifically, we have explored additional types of economic activities that are safe for nature and public health. For Ust-Kut, located in the north of Eastern Siberia, it is important to increase the area of green spaces within the central part of the city. The development of a system of parks and squares involves their improvement and the formation of a connection into a single natural framework through linear landscaping objects and connections with urban forest sites. The use of sanitary protection zones around enterprises that emit into the environment will contribute to the formation of a comfortable environment and expand landscaping opportunities.</p>

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПРОГНОЗИРУЕМЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ НЕСИНУСОИДАЛЬНОСТИ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА

A significant problem of ensuring the quality of electricity, including the sinusoidal voltage in the distribution grids of energy systems and power supply grids, arose with the growth and use of equipment with a nonlinear load characteristic. Modernization of production and an increase in its energy efficiency are associated with the use of such electrical equipment. In this regard, in the last decade, the problem of the higher harmonics has become one of the important consequences of global innovative development throughout the world and in Russia in particular. However, the creation of conditions for the operation of all electric receivers in a power system with poor quality of electrical energy causes certain difficulties. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is determining the predicted values of non-sinusoidal voltage based on statistical analysis in distribution grids. (Materials and methods) Methods for analyzing non-sinusoidal voltage and finding deviations from established norms are considered. Studies of non-sinusoidal voltage in distribution grids have been carried out, and critical values of indicators and a constant component have been determined. (Results and discussion) Additional losses from the influence of higher harmonics in distribution electrical grids account for about 4 percent of losses at sinusoidal voltage. In the grids of agro-industrial enterprises, as well as in the grids of traction substations, similar losses reach 17 percent. The maximum value for the entire measurement period is taken as the basis for the measurement result of the harmonic component voltage coefficient, since this approach does not take into account one-time emissions, which in the general structure do not affect the operation mode of electrical equipment. Measurements were carried out in all electric grids on the low and medium voltage side in the Irkutsk region, and the paper presents the results of measurements in the southern electric grids of Irkutsk and its suburbs. (Conclusions) Studies have revealed the presence of a constant component of the coefficient of harmonic components and single emissions exceeding the average operating values. The main regularities of the non-sinusoidal voltage coefficient for the measurement period and the effect on the operating modes of electrical equipment connected to distribution grids are determined.

Дневник полевого этапа Международной школьной геологической экспедиции «Восточные Саяны – оз. Байкал 2024» Россия-Кыргызстан

The four-day field work of the International School Geological Expedition to Lake Baikal near the Bolshoi Goloustnoye settlement is summarized and briefly covered. Goloustnoye, within the framework of which educational geological studies of magmatic and metamorphic formations of Early Proterozoic (seaside complex of granodiorites and Olkhon series), Riphean (Baikal series: Golousten, Uluntu and Kachergat formations) age, as well as proluvial, fluvial and slope modern sediments were carried out. In the course of the routes, methodological issues of route maintenance were additionally highlighted. Teams of schoolchildren from Tatarstan, Buryatia, Irkutsk region and Kyrgyzstan took part in the expedition. The host organizing party was Irkutsk State University, Department of Geology. At the request of the Russian Geological Society Ltd.

Синоптические условия повышения уровня рек на юге Иркутской области и Забайкалья в июле 2023 года

The article discusses natural and anthropogenic factors of rising river levels and associated environmental consequences, existing probabilistic estimates of the amount of floods using various hydrological and climate models. Orographic, climatic and circulation features of the occurrence of floods in the Irkutsk region are identified. A study was carried out of the circulation and weather factors of increasing the intensity and duration of precipitation in early July 2023, which was accompanied by an increase in river levels in the south of the Irkutsk region and the Baikal region. The dynamics of atmospheric processes near the Earth's surface and at the levels of isobaric surfaces AT850 hPa, AT-700 hPa, AT-500 hPa and AT-300 hPa, reflecting the conditions of surface and highaltitude cyclo- and frontogenesis, are analyzed. The contribution of advective flows of heat and moisture, mesojets in the middle troposphere and upper tropospheric jet currents in increasing the amount and duration of atmospheric precipitation is highlighted. A significant contribution to the increase in precipitation and the rise in river levels was made by moist air masses moving in the lower troposphere from the water area of the lake. Baikal, in the middle troposphere from the Yellow Sea. The time of passage of the flood and the height of the rise in the level of individual watercourses as a result of the rains were estimated.

Transport connectivity of the organic production zone at the regional level

The paper presents an assessment of the development prospects and transport accessibility of organic production zones in the regions of Siberia based on data from state information systems of the Russian Federation and open information systems of commercial digital aggregators. The assessment was carried out with the use of technologies and analytics of the ArcGIS 10.6 program. The Novosibirsk, Omsk, Barnaul, and Tomsk agglomerations have concentrated clusters of investment projects for the processing of agricultural products. The eastern part of the macrozone is characterized by more focal investment activity, the largest of which is the eastern agglomeration of Krasnoyarsk. Investment projects in Kuzbass and the Irkutsk region are dispersed along the main transport routes. The republics of Altai and Tyva and the northern municipalities of the Tomsk and Irkutsk regions remain on the periphery of active transport contacts. Inside the highway part of the region there are areas of low efficiency in the use of transport potential, which makes it possible to increase the investment attractiveness of individual agricultural locations based on a combination of interspecies interaction.

Radiation and environmental assessment of disposal facilities for sublimate production waste in the Irkutsk region

Radiation and environmental assessment of disposal facilities for sublimate production waste in the Irkutsk region

Research, control and greening of mica mining processes in the regions

The article examines the features of mica as a strategically important mineral raw material for the industrial sector. The purpose of the study was to analyze the situation in mica mining in Russia and conduct an environmental audit of the territories. Mica is an important resource, and its extraction is fraught with difficulties, mainly due to the need to green production processes. An analysis of the situation regarding resource extraction in the region was carried out and the Irkutsk region was identified as a promising source of resources. Mica mining has a negative impact on all areas: public health, water and land resources, the formation of waste dumps and waste heaps, and air pollution due to dust. Thus, mica is a strategically important resource for the economy of the Russian Federation and several of its regions.

Winter hardiness of apple clonal rootstocks in Southern Cisbaikalia

The paper presents the results of a study of apple clonal rootstocks carried out in 2017-2022 in the trial plots located in the Irkutsk region. The objects of the study were clonal rootstocks from various scientific institutions. The conducted fieldwork allows us to state that the ecological conditions of the Southern Cisbaikalia are generally favorable for the use of clonal rootstocks in the regional horticulture. It was found that the most adaptive forms of all the studied clonal rootstocks are the rootstocks of the Ural selection (Ural and Ural 2) and the rootstock of the Estonian selection (E-56). The clonal rootstocks 70-6-8, Arm18, and K-2 withstood winter worst of all. According to the fieldwork results, the rest of the rootstocks showed medium winter hardiness. As a result of laboratory freezing experiments, E-56 high winter hardiness was confirmed. The study of cultivar-rootstock combinations showed good compatibility of clonal rootstocks with semi-cultivated apple trees. The variety and type of the rootstock were statistically proven to affect the degree of temperature damage to fruit trees. The clonal rootstocks with high winter hardiness and those with medium winter hardiness and high recovery ability were selected for further breeding work.

Measuring Corruption in the Irkutsk Region: A Sociological Approach

Measuring Corruption in the Irkutsk Region: A Sociological Approach

Basic concepts of missionary service in the perception of the modern priesthood of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Asian regions of Russia

The status of the missionary activity of the modern Russian Orthodox Church, its condition is characterized by ambiguous assessments even within the Orthodox priesthood itself. The identification of mission and social service, the denial of the effectiveness and even the very existence of an Orthodox mission, diametrically opposed assessments regarding the planning and control of the mission — all these discrepancies affect the strategies of modern missionary activity. The purpose of the study is to analyze the understanding of the basic concepts of missionary activity, tasks and principles of mission realization by the modern priesthood in the Asian regions of Russia. The geographical focus of the study, the regions of Inner Asia, predetermined the priority choice of such regions as: Altai, Irkutsk region, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia; outside Russia — Mongolia. The main method of forming an empirical base was an expert survey in the form of a series of semi-standardized interviews with Orthodox priests of Asian regions. of Russia. The experts also included participants of missionary expeditions and teachers of missiology from non-Asian dioceses. As a result of the expert survey, the understanding of the status of missionary activity in modern society, the relationship between mission and social service became clearer, and the attention of the priesthood to the distinction between mission and catechism was reflected. The priority of the internal mission has been highlighted. The principles of missionary service are considered.

Uneven Development and Typology of Municipalities of the Irkutsk Region

Uneven Development and Typology of Municipalities of the Irkutsk Region

Региональные аспекты современной государственной политики в сфере среднего профессионального образования (на примере Иркутской области)

The issues of implementation of the state policy in the field of secondary vocational education at the regional level are considered. The changes in the educational priorities of Russian youth concerned the growing popularity among young people of secondary vocational education are described. The phenomenon of the growing popularity of vocational education in different countries is described. The so-called “effect of vocational education” is analyzed, which manifests itself in removing obstacles in the process of transition of young people from educational process to the labor market, finding effective mechanisms for this transition. It is revealed that the issues of transformation of secondary vocational education are actively studied by Russian scientists. The activity of scientific centers (the Centre for Vocational Education and Skills Development of the National Research University Higher School of Economics and the Federal Institute for Educational Development of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) is described. In the article the main directions of the federal policy in the field of upper-grade vocational education investigating this issue are analyzed. Separate stages in the implementation of this policy are highlighted. It`s considered the specifics of the implementation of federal policy at the regional level. The implementation of the regional policy in the field of upper-grade vocational education was described using the example of the Irkutsk region.

О пребывании депутатов социал-демократической фракции II Государственной Думы в сибирской ссылке

The reader is offered a description of the life and activities, including political ones, of the exiled deputies of the Social Democratic faction of the II State Duma of the Russian Empire. The article is based on the materials of the National Archive of the Irkutsk Region, as well as memoirs and reference literature published by the All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers. In the course of the research, the basic information characterizing the stay of the deputies of the “second-thinkers” in Siberian exile was identified and systematized; The main conclusions about the peculiarities of the socio-political and educational activities of former deputies in exile are formulated.

Historical and pedagogical aspects of the formation of fire education in the Baikal region in the 60s and 70s

The subject of the research of the scientific article is the peculiarities of the process of formation of the educational and pedagogical base in educational institutions of the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in the 60-70 years of the XX century on the territory of the Irkutsk region. A brief analysis of the transformation of structural units of educational and pedagogical orientation is given, and a list of heads of educational cycles and departments is indicated at the stage of formation and development of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, as well as the Irkutsk branch of the Higher Engineering fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. The research methodology includes a concrete historical approach (M.V. Astakhov, I.D. Kovalchenko, V.F. Kolomiytsev, A.P. Pronstein, etc.), as well as generalization, comparison, synthesis, classification, concretization; analysis of archival documents, legislation and scientific literature; retrospective analysis; method of historical analogies. The novelty of this scientific article lies in the fact that during the scientific research, historical and pedagogical sources, archival data describing in detail the history of the formation and development of the structure of the educational and methodological base in educational institutions of the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR were identified and summarized. The conducted research is of interest to a wide range of readers, since the study of educational, pedagogical, structural and organizational activities in educational institutions of the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR is a very important component in the study of the formation and development of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in the territory of the Baikal region in the XX century. The scientific article analyzes the features of the implementation of pedagogical activity at the stage of formation of educational institutions of the fire profile. Examples of professional development of educational and structural units of cycles and departments of these educational institutions are considered, indicating the academic disciplines taught. The list of heads of these structural divisions at the stage of formation and development of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School and the Irkutsk branch of the Higher Engineering fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR is considered.

Коммуникации власти и общества на примере ревизий генерал-губернаторами Якутской области (середина XIX – начало XX в.)

The article examines the communicative practices of government and society using the example of the visits of East Siberian (Irkutsk) governors general to the Yakut region. The source base for the study was archival materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive, the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region and the National Archive of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). A comparative typological method was used. The circle of contacts of governors-general during revisions of the territory was reconstructed and analyzed, attention was paid to encouraging foreigners in the region as a component of the ethnic policy of the empire. The visit of the governors-general was an important event for the region; it gave the local population the opportunity to directly voice the pressing problems of their societies and demonstrate elements of culture and customs.

Iris Rabbitear Kasatik (Iris) laevigata Fischer et Meyer – distribution features on the north-western border of the area

As a result of special work, it was revealed that the Iris Rabbitear Kasatik (Iris) laevigata Fischer et Meyer is a rare species of the Irkutsk region, the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Krai. It is shown that until recently, the features of its distribution in the northwestern edge of its area were unknown. Our special long-term research has allowed us to identify it in many parts of this region. It is shown that all his finds are limited to the occurrence of small curtains of this species (2-10 flowering plants, rarely up to 20 and only in two cases 50-70 flowering stems). It has been established that this species is most common on the rivers of the Republic of Buryatia – Upper Angara and Kichera. The most typical stations of the species have been identified - very well-insulated open parts of grass-sedge swamps with separate lakes. It is shown that the main limiting factor for it is the lack of heat at the northwestern border of its area. Here, its distribution is limited by the mountain floodplain water regime. Summer floods coming from the mountains and reaching the strength of large and even catastrophic floods carry very cold waters, strongly depressing the vegetation of aquatic vegetables. It is proved that the conservation of this species can only be ensured by creating a network of differently ranked specially protected natural territories. For species with a local distribution of small parts suitable for their habitat, the organization of Natural Monuments at the republican and federal levels is the most promising.

Проблемы и находки депутатов «лихих 90-х»: к 30-летию Народного Хурала Республики Бурятия

A special problem in the work of deputies of regional parliaments of the "dashing 90s" was the constant lack of budget funds for vital social programs, education and health care. The nonpayment of salaries for several months, primarily to teachers and doctors, was difficult to overcome; the unfair privatization of public and state property, the real events of the consequences of the war in Chechnya of 1994-1998, unbridled crime, etc. A special Khural laboratory was established in the structure of the National Academy of Sciences and operated throughout the first convocation. The surveys allowed us to better understand people's psychology, their specific daily aspirations, diagnose their mood and attitude to emerging situations. A truthful and honest diagnosis of public opinion made it possible in some cases to make decisions and legislative acts consistent with the situation. At the fourth session, the symbols of the republic – the coat of arms and the anthem – were adopted, the work on the preparation of projects of which took a long time. Deputies of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia managed to hold two parliamentary hearings in Ulan-Ude together with deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation: on the draft law "On Lake Baikal" (1994) and "On the plan of priority measures for the implementation of the concept of State National Policy of the Russian Federation" (1996). In both hearings, they adopted The participation of "neighbors": deputies of the Legislative Assembly of the Irkutsk region, representatives of the administration of the Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug.

По следам одного чувашского текста: от Иркутской области до Дуная

In 2023, in the Ziminsky district of the Irkutsk region, a story was recorded from the descendants of Chuvash settlers about a girl who left with a soldier who had invited her to marry with all her goods (dowry) and was abandoned by him on the bank of the river. Not wanting to return home in shame, the girl drowns herself. On the mother territory of the tradition – in the Volga region – four variants of this text were discovered. They are quite close to the Siberian version; they are distinguished by individual details and different lengths of text. In two versions, a different ending appears, perhaps formed in a later period – the girl does not drown herself, but returns home. More distant versions of this text were found in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, and some Russian collections. This ballad plot was especially popular in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The examples of variable formulas given in the article clearly illustrate the variety of embodiments of the plot in detail while maintaining its main motives. The song text in question was presumably associated with the male performing tradition and existed primarily in a military environment. The Chuvash could get acquainted with this plot in the ancestral territories of its existence during their military service during the First World War. In the Chuvash versions of the ballad text, as a result of a different localization of the action, the emergence of stable formulas from ritual folklore, and the addition of details important for the Chuvash traditional culture, the folk worldview of the bearers of the tradition was manifested.