Irisin In Patients Research Articles

Characterization of serum irisin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Irisin, as a novel and versatile hormone secreted by skeletal myocytes and fat tissues, is reported to be involved in inflammation-related diseases; one of the main characteristics of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is inflammatory responses. This study aims to describe the characteristics of irisin in SAP. Here, we enrolled 50 controls, 20 with no acute pancreatitis (AP), 20 AP, and 12 SAP patients, determined white blood cell, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, urine amylase, blood lipase, and serum irisin using an analyzer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the indicated time-points, analyzed the correlations of irisin with blood glucose, sex, and age, and then predicted the morality and complications of organ failure and/or exacerbations of comorbidities in SAP by irisin. The results showed no significant difference in all groups in the clinical parameters (P>0.05), except that white blood cell was significantly higher in no AP, AP, and SAP than the controls (P<0.05). In addition, irisin levels were significantly lower and maintained a steadily low trend in the process of SAP than others (P<0.05), whereas C-reactive protein, urine amylase, and blood lipase in the SAP and AP groups were higher than others and kept decreasing tendency (P<0.01). Moreover, the irisin level in female SAP patients was significantly higher than that in male patients, but no differences were found in the other groups (P>0.05). In addition, the correlation between irisin levels and blood glucose was better in the SAP group than that between irisin levels and age in SAP patients and controls, although a relatively better correlation was found in SAP patients than the controls. Finally, the prognostic significance of mortality and complications of SAP according to irisin levels represented significantly, especially for complications of organ failure and/or exacerbations of comorbidities in female SAP. Therefore, serum irisin level has unique characteristics and may be an independent factor and useful to predict the mortality, and complications in SAP patients, especially in female SAP patients.

EXPRESSION OF IRISIN AND ITS RELATION WITH ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II PATIENTS

AimTo evaluate the gene expression of irisin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its possible involvement in the metabolic changes and obesity in this pathophysiological situation.MethodsPatients anthropometric data were obtained, as well as samples of blood were collected in the clinic of specialties from Faculty of Medicine of ABC. A list of healthy individuals CT (n=14) and DM2 patients (n=16) diagnosed for less than 10 years was obtained. The criteria for the diagnosis of DM2 were the one used by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Volunteers filled in terms of consent, and all of them were greater than or equal to 21 years old. After collection, it was evaluated complete hemogram and biochemical parameters: glucose and glycated hemoglobin (A1C). The expression of molecular biomarker irisin in peripheral blood leukocytes was performed by RT‐qPCR technique. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and analyzed by the program GraphPad Prism® 6.0, using the Student's t‐test and Mann‐Whitney test. As for the analyzes of correlation, it was done the Spearman correlation test. The significance level was 5% (descriptive value *p&lt;0.05).ResultsThe mean age of the patients studied was 51±15 years for the CT group (n=14) and 64±10 years for the DM2 (n=16). As for the biochemical parameters, the following results were obtained: glucose (CT 92±13, n=14 DM2 versus 143±40 mg/dL, n=16 *p&lt;0.05); A1C (CT 5.6±0.5, n=14 DM2 versus 7.1±1.6%, n=16 *p&lt;0.05); irisin gene expression in peripheral blood was obtained by the formula 2^‐ΔCT and values found in CT group were 8.506e‐006±1.412e‐005, n=6. The ones found in DM2 group were 0.02288± 0.08050 n=14, p=0.06. The correlation test between the expression of irisin versus Body Mass Index (BMI) in DM2 was r=0.5221, p=0.06. There was no correlation between the glucose levels and A1C with irisin expression.ConclusionDespite the preliminary findings, the data showed a tendency toward a positive correlation between the expression of irisin and BMI in diabetic patients. These data suggest that irisin is associated to possible changes in adiposity which happen in obesity associated to DM2.Support or Funding InformationFinancial Support: CAPES, CNPq.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Circulating irisin levels in heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction: A pilot study.

Irisin, a recently discovered myokine, has been considered a prognostic factor in several cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, no data are available on the role of irisin in patients with heart failure (HF), both with preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction. We have therefore evaluated the circulating irisin levels in HFpEF and HFrEF patients, correlating them with metabolic parameters and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as index of oxidative stress. Irisin was significantly higher in HFpEF than in HFrEF patients (7.72 ± 0.76 vs 2.77 ± 0.77 ng/ml, respectively). An inverse correlation between irisin and TAC was found in HFpEF, but not in HFrEF. Conversely, no correlation was present with HOMA index. These data support the hypothesis that a different pathophysiological mechanism is involved in the two HF subtypes, and oxidative stress modulates irisin secretion.

Assessment of serum irisin level in thyroid disorder

BackgroundIrisin is a newly discovered myokin secreted by myocytes responsible for transmission of signals from muscles to other body tissues. Irisin improves systemic metabolism by increasing the energy expenditure. Owing to numerous similarities in action between irisin and thyroid hormones it seems imperative to explore these substances’ potential mutual influence on the body.ObjectiveTo estimate serum irisin concentration in patients with hypothyroid and hyperthyroid diseases, and to detect the relation of serum irisin in patients with thyroid disorders with creatine kinase (CK), a serum marker of muscle damage.Patients and methodsThe study comprised 30 hyperthyroid patients (group 1), 30 hypothyroid patients (group 2), and 30 normal persons (group 3). Irisin was measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine levels were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay technology.ResultsIrisin hormone level significantly decreased in hypothyroid patients in comparison with hyperthyroid patients. Irisin hormone level increased in hyperthyroid patients in comparison with normal persons, whereas it decreased in hypothyroid patients in comparison with normal persons. CK level significantly decreased in hyperthyroid patients in comparison with hypothyroid patients. CK level significantly increased in hypothyroid patients in comparison with normal persons, whereas it significantly decreased in hyperthyroid patients in comparison with normal persons.ConclusionObtained results suggest the influence of thermometabolic state on irisin level.

Novel adipokines vaspin and irisin as risk biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus

AimsVaspin and irisin are novel cytokines proposed as potential new biomarkers of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. This work is to investigate circulating levels of vaspin and irisin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) to study potential association with disease risk. Materials and MethodsCirculating levels of vaspin and irisin were assayed in serum from 135 T2DM patients (with and without CVD) and 70 control subjects by ELISA. ResultsVaspin levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in control subjects (6798 ± 3540 pg/ml vs. 3215 ± 3209 pg/ml, p = 0.001) and in CVD patients than in non-CVD patients (7417.3 ± 3507.6 pg/ml vs. 6017.3 ± 3606.4 pg/ml, p = 0.001), with significant positive correlations with BMI, FPG, serum insulin and HOMA-IR. Irisin levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients than in controls (71.15 ± 67.57 ng/ml vs.127 ± 71.57 ng/ml, p = 0.004), and in CVD patients than in non-CVD patients (55.77 ± 54.82 ng/ml vs. 115.5 ± 67 ng/ml, p = 0.003), with significant correlations with HbA1c, HOMA-IR and BMI in diabetic patients, and with HbA1c and TG in CVD patients. Elevated levels of vaspin was associated with 1.7 times increased CVD risk (p = 0.001, OR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.21–2.39), while lower levels of irisin associated with 1.6 times increased CVD risk (p = 0.007, OR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.45–2.28). ROC analysis indicated serum vaspin and irisin as independent CVD risk biomarkers with sensitivity, 94% and 73.7%, and specificity, 74% and 74.1%; respectively. ConclusionOur results indicate that circulating vaspin and irisin are potential new independent CVD risk biomarkers in T2DM.

Assessment of Insulin Resistance and Serum Levels of Irisin in Patients with Idiopathic Infertility

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the definition of infertility is ‘the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy in one year. The category ‘unexplained male infertility’ (UMI) is reserved for infertile men with infertility of unknown origin with normal semen and in which female infertility factors have been ruled out. Some cases of unexplained male infertility could be due to IR, leading to hypogonadism and other metabolic features. To evaluate serum level of irisin in patients with idiopathic infertility. Serum irisin concentrations were measured in 30 male patients with idiopathic infertility, between the ages of 25 and 50 years and 20 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum levels of irisin in male patients with idiopathic infertility were found to be lower than in healthy controls (p=0.001). Decreased serum irisin probably reflect the role of irisin in the diagnosis of idiopathic infertility.

Assessment of Irisin, Adiponectin and Leptin Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia.

The patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for problems regarding metabolic parameters due to their lifestyle and antipsychotic treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the levels of adiponectin, leptin, irisin in patients with schizophrenia who were nondiabetic, nonobese and under antipsychotic treatment. 5 ml sample of venous blood was collected from each participant. Blood cells were separated from the serum. The serum samples were stored in a -80°C freezer. Biochemical analyses were performed on these samples. Adiponectin, leptin and irisin levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The study included 88 subjects. Of them, 44 were patients with schizophrenia and 44 were healthy controls. There were no statistically significant results when the c-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin and irisin levels were compared between the schizophrenia and the control group (p>0.05). In our study, adiponectin, leptin and irisin levels in patients with schizophrenia did not present a statistically significant difference from healthy controls. Therefore, there is a need for studies including more participants to investigate the level of irisin in patients with schizophrenia.

Adropin and Irisin in Patients with Cardiac Cachexia

Adropin and Irisin in Patients with Cardiac Cachexia

The diagnostic value of the serum irisin level in patients with acute pericarditis and acute myopericarditis.

This preliminary study aims to examine a change in the blood levels of irisin in patients with acute pericarditis (AP) and acute myopericarditis (AMP) and examine the diagnostic value of the serum irisin level in AP and AMP. 10 patients, who applied to the emergency service and cardiology clinic with chest pain and who were diagnosed with AP and 5 patients, who were diagnosed with AMP as a result of routine examinations, were included in the study. The basal laboratory parameters, echocardiography findings and serum irisin levels of the patients and during check one month later were examined. While the basal irisin levels were found to be significantly low in the AMP group and high during the check (6.6 ± 1.58, 8.19 ± 1.43, respectively), no statistically significant difference was determined (p = 0.23). It was observed that the basal and control irisin levels did not vary significantly in the AP group (8.03 ± 1.6, 8.19 ± 1.43, respectively) (p = 0.84). In this preliminary study, the basal irisin levels were found to be significantly low in the AMP group, while there was no statistically significant difference between the basal irisin levels and control irisin levels in the AP and AMP groups (Tab. 5, Ref. 17).

The diagnostic value of irisin in patients with acute abdominal pain: A preliminary study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of irisin by examining the serum level of this smooth muscle protein in patients presenting at the emergency department (ED) with acute abdominal pain. This research was performed as a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study. In all, 213 adult patients presenting at the ED with acute abdominal pain and 140 healthy controls were enrolled. The serum irisin level was correlated with the leukocyte, C-reactive protein, amylase, and creatine kinase values. The irisin level was compared between groups of those who were admitted or discharged, and those who received surgical or medical treatment. The mean irisin level of the 213 patients and the 140 controls was 6.81±3.17 mcg/mL vs. 5.69±2.08 mcg/mL. The mean irisin value of the hospitalized patients (7.98±3.11 mcg/mL) was significantly higher than that of the discharged patient group (6.38±3.09 mcg/mL) and the controls (control vs. discharged: p=0.202; control vs. hospitalized: p<0.001; discharged vs. hospitalized: p=0.001). When compared with that of the control group, the irisin level was significantly higher in patients with gall bladder diseases, urolithiasis, and acute appendicitis (p=0.001, p=0.007, p=0.007). The serum irisin level in patients with abdominal pain may serve as a guide in diagnostic decision-making and determining the prognosis for cases of acute abdominal pain involving luminal obstruction in tubular intra abdominal organs.

Serum Levels of Visfatin, Omentin and Irisin in Patients with End-Stage Lung Disease Before and After Lung Transplantation.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of visfatin, irisin, and omentin in patients with end-stage lung diseases (ESLD) before and after lung transplantation (LTx) and to find relationship between adipokines levels and clinical outcomes.Material/MethodsFourteen consecutive lung transplant recipients (six males and seven females; age 32.0±14.2 years; body mass index (BMI) 21.8±5.3 kg/m2) who underwent lung transplantation with initial diagnosis of respiratory failure due to cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were included. Visfatin, irisin, and omentin serum levels were assayed using commercially available ELISA kits at four time points: the day of LTx (day 0), 72 hours (day 3), one month (day 30) and three months (day 90) after LTx.ResultsOmentin serum concentration decreased significantly within three days after LTx (350.5±302.0 to 200.0±0.90 ng/mL; p<0.05), while visfatin serum levels decreased later, 30 days after Ltx (4.81±3.78 to 0.78±0.35 [0.4–1.1] pg/mL; p<0.05). Downregulated serum levels of both adipokines remained stable for the next two months (256.0 [201.7–642.9] ng/mL and 0.77±0.76 pg/mL, respectively; p<0.05). Serum levels of irisin were unchanged before and after Ltx. Immunosuppressive regimen did not affect serum levels of the analyzed adipokines.ConclusionsThe study showed for the first time serum omentin and visfatin levels to be decreased after LTx in ESLD patients. Successful LTx contributes to the improvement of impaired lung function parameters and attenuation of ongoing inflammatory process, resulting in altered visfatin and omentin serum levels. Additional influence of immunosuppressive treatment on omentin and visfatin serum concentration cannot be excluded.

Circulating irisin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis.

There is growing interest in exploring circulating (plasma/serum) irisin in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence assessing circulating irisin changes in this population. A systematic search was conducted in three databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, for studies reporting irisin in PCOS patients compared with healthy controls or stratified by body mass index (BMI), or assessing irisin response to hyperinsulinemia. Effect sizes (Cohen's d with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were calculated using random-effects models. Eight studies with 918 PCOS patients and 528 healthy controls were included. Results showed that circulating irisin was higher in PCOS patients than in overall healthy controls (d = 0.37, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.70), but not compared with BMI-matched or age- and BMI-matched controls. Circulating irisin was higher in PCOS patients with higher BMI than lower (d = 0.36, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.56). Circulating irisin decreased 2 h later in response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in PCOS patients with a larger magnitude than healthy controls (d = -0.32, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.11). In summary, with adjustment for BMI, circulating irisin in PCOS patients seems comparable to healthy controls, but its response to hyperinsulinemia might be impaired.

Treatment with long acting muscarinic antagonists stimulates serum levels of irisin in patients with COPD

Long acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) are currently considered the therapeutic mainstay for patients with COPD and have been shown to improve clinical outcomes including symptoms, exercise capacity and airflow limitation. Irisin, is a newly discovered hormone-like myokine generated by skeletal muscle cells in response to exercise and it is suggested to regulate energy expenditure and exercise capacity. The aim of the present study was to investigate if treatment with LAMA alters serum irisin levels in patients with COPD.Irisin was assessed by ELISA in the serum of 506 patients with COPD, GOLD II-IV, with a smoking history >10 PY, who were included in the PROMISE-COPD cohort. The effect of inhaled LAMA on serum irisin levels was evaluated in a proof-of-concept cohort of 40 COPD patients.Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that there was a significant negative association of irisin with age-adjusted Charlson score (p = 0.003) and a positive association of irisin with 6-min walking distance (6MWD) (p = 0.018) and treatment with LAMA (p = 0.004) but not with LABA or ICS. Multivariate analysis revealed that the association of irisin with LAMA treatment remains significant after adjustment for age-adjusted score and 6MWD. In the proof-of-concept cohort a single inhalation of LAMA stimulated serum irisin levels after 4 h.These findings imply that treatment of COPD patients with LAMA increase circulating irisin, thus explaining some of the beneficial extra-pulmonary effects of these drugs when used in the treatment of COPD.

Study of Serum Irisin in Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction

Background: irisin, identified as a proteolytic cleavage product of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), It is a novel myokine secreted by contracting skeletal muscle, possibly mediating some exercise health benefits via ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue. Irisin causes a significant increase in total body energy expenditure and resistance to obesity-associated insulin resistance in mice, while controversy still exists concerning irisin origin, regulation and function in humans. Aim of the work: our study aimed to detect relation of thyroid status (hypo, hyperthyroid) with serum irisin, ck and peripheral neuropathy. Patient and methods: this study was conducted on 60 candidates consisted of 40 patients with thyroid dysfunction selected from Endocrine outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals and 20 healthy volunteers from April 2016 to October 2016. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Patients of both genders, age more than 18 years old, 20 patients with hypothyroidism, 20 patients with hyperthyroidism and 20 healthy volunteers. We excluded significant renal, hepatic and cardiac disease, severe associated acute illness or depression, pregnant females, diabetes, hypercortisolism, hypocortisolism, muscular or neurological disorders, routinely taking drugs as statins, intensively involved in a sport or any strenuous physical activity. All participants were subjected to full medical history taking, general clinical examination and laboratory investigations as thyroid and thyroid-related hormone concentrations as well as a thyroid ultrasound examination and thyroid scan for patients with hyperthyroidism. Serum irisin level, CK and nerve conduction velocity were measured. Results: irisin level was higher in hyperthyroid group than euthyroid group with a significant difference. In comparison with normal NCV candidates and reduced NCV candidates with other variables there was only border line significant difference with irisin p-value. Non significant value of irisin and CK level were detected for diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Irisin has highly significant value for diagnosis of hyperthyroidism with (sen 95%, sp 42.5). Increased BMI is the only independent predictor for hypothyroidism by using multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Decreased BMI and irisin are independent predictors for hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: serum irisin level is one of predictors for hyperthyroidism, on the other hand irisin does not have a significant value to predict hypothyroidism. Serum irisin was found to be higher in patients with hyperthyroidism in comparison with euthyroid participant with non statistically significant difference between hypo and hyperthyroidism. Serum CK level does not have a significant value in diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism). Serum irisin level was low in thyroid dysfunction cases with delayed NCV compared to thyroid dysfunction cases and normal NCV with border line significant difference.

The effects of green cardamom on blood glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory factors, paraxonase-1, sirtuin-1, and irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe relationship between dietary components and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) needs to be further investigated. The potential health benefits of cardamom have been found in some studies. Cardamom showed beneficial effect on hepatomegaly, dyslipidemia, and fasting hyperglycemia in animals. However, some adverse effects of cardamom have been reported in animals. No previous human study had been conducted on the effects of cardamom in NAFLD. This study aims to determine the effects of green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) supplementation on blood glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory profiles, and liver function, especially by examining irisin, paraxonase-1 (PON1) and sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) in obese patients with NAFLD.MethodsThis trial is to be conducted at the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Central Hospital, Tehran. Eighty obese patients with NAFLD will be selected according to the eligibility criteria. The NAFLD diagnosis method is ultrasonography. Patients will be randomly divided into two groups by a random-number table (cardamom and placebo groups, two 500-mg capsules, three times/day, taken with meals for 3 months, follow-up monthly). General characteristics, dietary intakes (at the beginning, middle, and end), and physical activity (at the beginning and end) will be assessed using a general, 24-h food recall, and short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), respectively. Lifestyle advice will be presented to both groups identically. At the beginning and the end, anthropometrics (weight, height, and waist circumference), blood pressure, extent of fatty liver, and blood biomarkers, including serum glucose indices (fasting blood sugar (FBS)) and insulin (FBI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI)), lipids (triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC)), inflammatory markers (highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)), liver enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST)), irisin, PON1, and Sirt1, will be determined.DiscussionThis trial would be the first to assess the effects of green cardamom on several blood factors, including glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, irisin, PON1, and Sirt1, and blood pressure and anthropometry in obese patients with NAFLD. Further study of cardamom’s potential in improving NAFLD is suggested.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), ID number: IRCT2015121317254N4. Registered on 27 December 2015.

Low Irisin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Current Treatment: A Systematic Review

Background: The Irisin is a myokine associated with the improvement on insulin resistance caused by diet and increased physical energy expenditure. Recent studies have shown that patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have reduced levels of irisin, showing it as a potential marker for various endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to verify if T2DM patients never treated or without ongoing treatment have reduced levels of irisin when compared to individuals with other metabolic profiles.&#x0D; Methods and Findings: Systematic review of the literature, considering the primary studies published in 2012 to 2016, with the outcome Irisin levels in patients never treated or without current treatment in the ambience of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The search was conducted through the electronic database Scopus (Elsevier), using the key words: "Irisin", "Human" and "Diabetes Mellitus". From the 91 studies found, 8 met the eligibility criteria. Significant differences were found on levels of irisin in patients with T2DM compared to normoglycemic individuals, obese and/or pre-diabetic. On average, there was a reduction of 15 pg/ml in plasma levels of irisin in diabetics. However, a minority of studies says that this relationship does not exist.&#x0D; Conclusion: Irisin reduced levels were found in patients with T2DM and is also related to lipid profile, with the risk of developing endocrine diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, and high risk for cardiovascular diseases because of its relationship with endothelial dysfunction. This generates the need for research in order to explore the isolation and clinical use of irisin for treatment of disorders related to imbalance in energy demand, obesity and diabetes.&#x0D; Descriptors: Irisin, Human, Diabetes Mellitus.

The Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation on Serum Irisin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

BackgroundDiabetes refers to a group of metabolic diseases with blood glucose of higher than normal ranges. Furthermore, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are necessary for the regulation of the activity of human function. The effect of n-3 PUFA on diabetes has been investigated in animal studies, yet, the exact amount has not been set, to date. Irisin, as a new myokine, is released from skeletal muscle and Irisin levels decrease as a result of physical inactivity, overweightness, and obesity. Also, the reduction of serum irisin level is associated with development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This study was performed to assess the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on serum irisin level in patients with diabetes.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial included 43 patients with type 2 diabetes (21 patients in the placebo group and 22 patients in the n-3 PUFA supplement group). They were randomized to groups, one receiving 10 weeks of either n-3 PUFA supplement and the other the placebo (1250 mg capsule, three times per day). Samples were also matched by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) in the 2 groups. Anthropometric measurements, demographic information and dietary intakes were obtained both before and after the intervention. Serum irisin levels were measured before and after the intervention using human irisin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean outcomes between groups.ResultsAt baseline, irisin serum levels were not significantly different between the placebo and n-3 PUFA supplementation groups (P > 0.05). However, a significant change was observed between the groups after intervention (P = 0.04). Also there was a significant difference in mean change (after versus before the intervention) (P = 0.05). Compared to the placebo, n-3 PUFA supplementation decreased serum FBS and HbA1C (P = 0.036 and 0.001; respectively). Also, there were significant differences between changes of diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR after the intervention between the groups. The duration of illness was not considered as a confounding factor because there was no significant association between irisin level (after versus before the intervention) and the illness duration.ConclusionsThe current study indicated that n-3 PUFA supplementation with a dosage of 1250 mg three times per day, resulted in increased serum irisin level of diabetic patients.

Serum levels of the adipomyokine irisin in patients with chronic kidney disease

BackgroundIrisin is an adipomyokine with claimed anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. This hormone has been insufficiently studied in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). ObjectiveTo perform an exploratory analysis of serum irisin levels in patients undergoing different CKD treatments. MethodFollowing a cross-sectional design, we estimated serum levels of irisin in 95 patients with CKD managed conservatively (advanced CKD), with peritoneal dialysis (PD) or with haemodialysis, and compared our findings with a control group of 40 healthy individuals. We investigated the correlations between serum irisin and demographic, clinical, body composition and metabolic variables. ResultsIrisin levels were lower in all the CKD groups than in the control group. The univariate analysis revealed limited correlations between irisin, on the one hand, and fat (but not lean) mass, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma albumin and bicarbonate, on the other. The multivariate analysis confirmed that advanced CKD patients managed conservatively (difference 111.1ng/mL), with PD (25.9ng/mL) or haemodialysis (61.4ng/mL) (all p<.0005) presented lower irisin levels than the control group. Furthermore, PD patients presented higher serum levels of irisin than those on haemodialysis (difference 39.4ng/mL, p=.002) or those managed conservatively (24.4ng/mL, p=.036). The multivariate analysis also identified plasma bicarbonate (B=3.90 per mM/l, p=.001) and GFR (B=1.89 per mL/min, p=.003) as independent predictors of irisin levels. Conversely, no adjusted correlation between irisin and body composition markers was found. ConclusionsSerum irisin levels are low in patients with CKD and show a consistent correlation with GFR and plasma bicarbonate levels. PD patients present higher levels of irisin than those managed conservatively or with haemodialysis. Our study confirms a general inconsistency of the association between serum irisin levels, on the one hand, and body composition and metabolic markers, on the other.

Exenatide treatment increases serum irisin levels in patients with obesity and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

ObjectiveIrisin is a myokine secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise. Abnormal serum irisin levels are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the changes in serum irisin in the obese patients with newly diagnosed T2D following glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (exenatide) treatment. MethodsFifty-four obese patients with T2D were treated with exenatide for 12weeks. The control group included 54 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched subjects with normal glucose tolerance. ResultsPatients with T2D had lower irisin than the control group (38.06 [29.29–53.79] vs. 58.01 [43.07–87.79] ng/mL, P<0.01]. Serum irisin was negatively associated with BMI (r=−0.178, P<0.05), fasting blood glucose (FBG; r=−0.170, P<0.05), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c; r=−0.189, P<0.01) in patients with T2D. Exenatide treatment markedly increased serum irisin by 19.28ng/mL (12.59–25.98) compared to baseline (P<0.01). Increased irisin was significantly correlated with decreased FBG and HbA1c after exenatide treatment (FBG: r=−0.35; HbA1c: r=−0.37; both P<0.05). ConclusionsExenatide treatment significantly increased irisin in patients with T2D. Post-treatment changes in irisin were correlated with decreases in FBG and HbA1c. The upregulation of irisin might be a novel mechanism for the beneficial effects of exenatide in type 2 diabetic patients.

Serum Myokines Levels in Patients with Endogenous Cushing Syndrome and Acromegaly: Cross-Sectional Case−Control Study

Myokines are produced and released by muscle cells in response to muscular contractions. Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) and acromegaly cause significant changes in muscle tissue leading to atrophy or hypertrophy. However, there is no data whether these endocrine abnormalities influence myokine secretion. To evaluate serum levels of myostatin, interleukin-6 (IL6) and irisin in patients with CS and acromegaly. Fasting serum samples were taken and stored in aliquot at ≤-20°C from consecutive subjects with clinically evident and biochemically confirmed active CS, acromegaly and healthy volunteers matched by age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Commercially available kits were used to assay serum myokine levels. Grip strength was measured by a dynamometer. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) was measured by immunochemiluminescence assay (Liaison), twenty-four hours urine free cortisol (24hUFC) ― by immunochemiluminescence assay (Vitros ECi), salivary free cortisol ― by electrochemiluminescence assay (Cobas). One-way ANOVA was utilized to assess the difference between groups. We enrolled 88 subjects: 30 patients suffered from CS (group 1), 28 ― acromegaly (2) and 30 matched healthy controls (3) with no difference among the groups in sex, age and BMI (p=0.492, 0.062 and 0.174 respectively). Mean 24hUFC in subjects with CS and mean IGF1 in subjects with acromegaly were significantly higher as compared to other groups (p<0.001). Right-hand grip strength was lower in patients with CS as compared to both patients with acromegaly and healthy subjects (p=0.04). However, among these young adults we did not find statistically significant differences in measured myokines levels: irisin ― p=0.15; IL6 ― p=0.34; myostatin ― p=0.50. There was a significant correlation between myostatin and irisin in the whole group of people and in every separately analyzed subset of patients (p<0.001), but no correlation was found between any measured myokines and 24hUFC or IGF1. Hypercortisolism or supraphysiological IGF1 levels do not significantly influence serum levels of myostatin, IL6 and irisin in young adults.