Irbid Governorate Research Articles

Main Characteristics of Trails on Yarmouk Forest Reserve, A Quantitative Approach to Trails Assessment

The necessity to pay attention to the tourism sector and protect natural resources has sparked a growing interest in scientific studies on the international value of ecotourism. Furthermore, eco-friendly tourist attractions should be developed and expanded to achieve long-term tourism growth. To achieve this aim, however, it is important to recognize the adverse effects of visitor activity on the natural environment and the experience of tourism to direct management activities and, thus, to maintain the resources on which ecotourism ultimately depends. This study aimed to assess the environmental impact of the four trails in the Yarmouk Forest Reserve in the Irbid governorate in northern Jordan. Field trips were used to determine the trail’s characteristics. The findings revealed a basic description of the reserve’s four routes in terms of path width, trail surface type, kind of vegetation, landscapes, and tourist attractions.

The Relationship of Curriculum, Teaching Methods, Assessment Methods, and School and Home Environment with Learning Difficulties in English Language from the Studetns’ Perspectives

This study aimed to identify the relationship between curriculum, teaching methods, and assessment methods, and school and home environment and learning difficulties in English language among students in the elementary stage in Irbid Governorate from the students’ point of view. The study used the descriptive-analytic approach. The sample of the study consisted of (100) male and female students, who teach the fourth and fifth grades, distributed as follows: (50) males and (50) females. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed to identify the relationship between curriculum, teaching methods, and assessment methods, and school and home environment and learning difficulties among students in English language. The questionnaire included the following dimensions, curriculum, teaching methods, and assessment methods, and school and home environment. The results of the study revealed that the overall degree for the relationship between curriculum, teaching methods, and assessment methods, and school and home environment to students’ learning difficulties In English language at the primary stage from the students’ point of view was high in all dimensions of study. The study concluded that it is important to identify the importance of curriculum, teaching methods, and assessment methods, and school and home environment for students with LDs and students should be aware of these factors and their role.

The Impact of Digital Education Skills on Basic School Teachers from Their Perspective in Irbid Governorate

This study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of digital education skills for basic school teachers in Irbid Governorate from their point of view. The study sample consisted of (112) male and female basic school teachers in the Northern Mazar District Directorate in Irbid Governorate, they were chosen randomly. The researchers used a questionnaire specially prepared for the purposes of this study, where the study was implemented in the academic year 2021/2022. The results showed that the effectiveness of digital education skills for basic school teachers in Irbid governorate from their point of view came to a high degree, with an arithmetic mean (3.80) and a standard deviation (0.29). The study also resulted in the absence of statistically significant differences between the views of the study sample due to gender variables. The study recommended working on developing educational platforms and technological tools, developing educational software, increasing the necessary technical and logistical support, and training them on how to practice them in the classroom.

Exploring the Impact of Electronic Health on Total Quality Management in Jordanian Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Technology

The aim of this study is to measure the impact of electronic-health (e-health) on total quality management (TQM) through knowledge management (KM) technology as a mediating variable at the hospitals of Irbid Governorate in Jordan. Six elements of the e-health variable were considered, including e-health records, e-data transmission, e-medical prescriptions, video consultations, medical image sharing, and continuous medical learning. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to a sample of 600 individuals working at 15 different hospitals that apply an e-health system in the Irbid Governorate in Jordan; 566 questionnaires were deemed valid for statistical analysis. The results of this study show that there is a statistically significant impact of e-health on TQM, at level P ≤ 0.05, through the mediating role of KM technology at Irbid Governorate hospitals in Jordan. Although the data were collected from hospitals at the Irbid Governorate in Jordan only, it is hoped the results will have some validity for the rest of hospitals in the Jordanian health system. The most significant recommendation of the study with practical implication is to set TQM as an administrative approach at the hospitals of the governorate of Irbid in Jordan, and require the adoption and implementation of an e-health system as a requirement for all Jordanian hospitals to acquire local accreditation certificate with the overall goal of improving the quality of healthcare.

Language Skills and Their Relationship to Learning Difficulties in English Language from the Teachers' Point of View

This study aimed to identify the relationship between learning language skills and learning difficulties in English language among students in the elementary stage in Irbid Governorate from the teachers’ point of view. The study used the descriptive-analytic approach. The sample of the study consisted of (100) male and female teachers, who teach the fourth and fifth grades, distributed as follows: (50) males and (50) females. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed to identify the relationship between learning language skills and learning difficulties among students in English language. The questionnaire included the following dimensions, listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The results of the study revealed that the overall degree for the relationship between learning language skills to students’ learning difficulties In English language at the primary stage from the teachers' point of view was high in all dimensions of study. The study concluded that it is important to identify the importance of learning language skills for students with LDs and teachers should be aware of these skills and their role.

Tacit knowledge and its relationship to the leadership roles of secondary school principals in Irbid Governorate

This study aimed to identify the level of tacit knowledge and its relationship to the leadership roles of secondary school principals in Irbid Governorate. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach. the study was applied to (325) principals of secondary schools in the Irbid governorate affiliated to Irbid First and Second Education Directorates. A questionnaire was used to collect data that included two fields: the level of tacit knowledge field, and leadership roles field. The results showed that the level of tacit knowledge of secondary school principals in Irbid governorate was moderate, and there was a high degree of leadership roles for secondary school principals in Irbid governorate. The results indicated that there is a relationship between tacit knowledge and the leadership roles of secondary school principals in Irbid Governorate.

The Level of Teachers’ Use of the Learned Helplessness Language with Students in the Light of Some Variables

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the level of teachers’ use of the learned helplessness language with their students, and whether this use varies according to gender, qualifications, and years of experience of the teacher’s. Method: To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used descriptive method. The researcher has developed a tool to measure the language of learned helplessness that teachers use with their students, consisting of (20) items. The study sample consisted of (292) male and female teachers from the Directorates of Education in Irbid Governorate who were chosen randomly. Results: The results of the study indicated that the level of teachers’ use of the language of learned helplessness was moderate, that teachers had higher than that of female teachers, and that teachers with bachelor’s qualifications used the language of learned helplessness more than postgraduate qualifications. It also found that teachers with less experience use this language more than other experiences. Conclusion: Some students have many academic and cognitive abilities, and many skills; however, their classroom behaviors and practices may not reflect their abilities and skills, due to their low self-confidence, which sometimes affects their school achievement and their personal aspects. There are many factors responsible for the occurrence of this phenomenon, including the learner’s impotence, which caused by internal factors of the student, or external factors related to the family and teachers, and the negative statements and words uttered by students that reduce their abilities and potentials, and reduce their level of motivation. Students with these practices greatly affect them, and their relationships with their teachers, therefore; it is necessary to work to educate male and female teachers of the need to stay away from the use of such words, and to strengthen students, activate them, and increase their self-confidence, which will reflect positively on the educational process.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Traffic Accidents Hotspots Based on Geospatial Techniques

This paper aims to explore the spatiotemporal pattern of traffic accidents using five years of data between 2015 and 2019 for the Irbid Governorate, Jordan. The spatial pattern of traffic-accident hotspots and their temporal evolution were identified along the internal and arterial roads network in the study area using spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran I index) and local hotspot analysis (Getis–Ord Gi*) techniques within the GIS environment. The study showed a gradual increase in the reported traffic accidents of approximately 38% at the year level. The analysis of traffic accidents at the severity level showed a distinguished spatial distribution of hotspot locations. The less severe traffic accidents (~95%) occurred on the internal road network in the Irbid Governorate’s towns where the highest traffic volume exist. The spatial autocorrelation analysis and the Getis–Ord Gi* statistics with 99% of significance level showed clustering patterns of traffic accidents along the internal and the arterial road network segments. Between 2015 and 2019, a notable evolution of the traffic-accident hotspots clusters was pronounced. The results can be used to guide traffic managers and decision makers to take appropriate actions for enhancing the hotspot locations and improving their traffic safety status.

FACTORS AFFECTING STOPPING BEHAVIOUR AT SUBURBAN INTERSECTIONS

This study focused on how drivers dealt with intersections controlled by a stop sign at suburban in Al-Husn city at Irbid governorate, Jordan. The videotape was used at eight unsignalized intersections for one complete peak hour on weekdays. Any at-grade intersection that is not controlled by a traffic signal is defined as an "unsignalized intersection." The results showed that 48% out of 1,208 drivers took the decision to stop completely compared to 52% who chose to keep driving. Female drivers (75%) were observed to stop at intersections more frequently than male drivers. In terms of vehicle type, drivers of buses stopped more frequently than drivers of small passenger cars, which are road car, other than a motorcycle, that is designed to transport passengers. Driver age and compliance to a stop sign were found to be directly proportional to each other, but as the number of passengers in the vehicle increased, the rate of non-compliance also increased. Compliance was highest among leading vehicles, followed by following vehicles, and lowest among single vehicles. A binary logistic model showed that age, vehicle occupancy, and arrival pattern significantly affected stopping the behaviour. Gender and vehicle type were not significantly related to stopping the behaviour.

درجة مساهمة أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في عملية اتخاذ القرار في الجامعات الحكومية والخاصة ‏في محافظة إربد

This study aimed to identify the degree of participation of ‎faculty staff in the process of decision-making at public and ‎private universities in the governorate of Irbid. In order to ‎achieve the objectives of this study, the researchers used the ‎descriptive survey method and a questionnaire was developed ‎which included (31) items distributed into five domains: ‎University management, faculty, academic affairs, student ‎affairs and local community, after assuring its validity and ‎reliability by statistical methods. The study population consists ‎of all faculty members in Yarmouk University and Jadara ‎University (1270) faculty members and study was applied on a ‎stratified random sample of (300) faculty members, during the ‎second semester of the academic year (2019/2020). The study ‎results showed that the participation of faculty staff in the ‎process of decision-making at public and private universities in ‎the governorate of Irbid showed an average degree. There were ‎significant differences on the domain (university management) ‎due to academic rank, in favor of full professors, and on the ‎field (academic affairs) due to academic rank, in favor of full ‎professors and associate professors. There were significant ‎differences on the domains (university management and student ‎affairs) due to university type, in favor of private universities. ‎The study recommended an optimal investment of human ‎abilities of the faculty and opening domains of participation in ‎the process of decision making in Jordanian universities.‎ ‎(Keywords: Decision-making, Faculty Staff, Jordanian ‎Universities)‎

Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A 16-Year Experience of a Tertiary Referral Hospital in North Jordan.

Background and Objectives: Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. Their low prevalence and histological heterogeneity make their diagnosis a challenging task. To the best of our knowledge, the epidemiology of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) was not well studied in Jordan. This study thus aimed to determine STS epidemiologic trends at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH); a tertiary hospital that provides cancer healthcare for 70% of the population in Irbid Governorate, North Jordan. The findings of this study will provide a good reference point of the burden of STSs in Jordan and the Middle East region. Materials and Methods: All cases with confirmed STS diagnoses who attended KAUH from January 2003 until December 2018 were included in the initial analysis. Bone sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and uterine sarcomas were not included in the study. Information collected from the pathology reports and electronic medical records was used to determine STS prevalence, incidence rate, age and gender distributions, histological types and anatomic location. Cases were reviewed by three pathologists with interest in soft tissue tumors. The findings were compared with literature. Results: In total, 157 STS cases were reported (1.9% of cancers diagnosed at KAUH during the 16-year study period). Crude annual incidence rate (IR) per 100,000 person-years ranged from 0.48 in 2015 to 1.83 in 2011 (average = 1.04). Age-standardized IR (ASR)(World WHO 2000–2025) was 1.37. Male:female ratio was 1.3:1. Median age was 39 years. Age ranged from <1 year to 90 years. Overall STS rates increased with age. The most common histological types were liposarcoma (19%), rhabdomyosarcoma (17%) and leiomyosarcoma (10%). The most common anatomic location was the extremity (40.1%), followed by the trunk (14.7%), then head and neck (10.8%). Conclusion: STSs are rare in North Jordan. A slight increase in their incidence was identified during the study period similar to global trends. The collection of relevant data on established risk factors along with a broader scale evaluation of the epidemiology of STS in the Middle East region is recommended to better evaluate disease burden and trends.

REASONS OF USING ARABIZI AMONG ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDENTS IN JORDAN

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons for utilizing Arabizi among students at Jadara and Yarmouk Universities, as well as the prevalent motivations for switching for each reason. For the academic year 2019/2020, this quantitative study includes students studying English language and translation at two institutions, Yarmouk and Jadara. The participants in this study were picked at random from Jadara and Yarmouk Universities in the Irbid governorate. This study's data comes from a questionnaire that was given to 283 students of both genders (male and female). The researchers used Standard Deviations, percentages, means, frequencies, statistical figures, and the Friedman test to answer the study's research question. The findings revealed that there are numerous explanations for this. It is used by the participants as a prestigious language, as well as an easy way to write and appear more westernized. Code switching has three motivations: communication, intellectual, and solidarity. Because this study was limited to the governorate of Irbid, which is located in northern Jordan, there is a need to investigate the reasons in other Jordanian geographic locations.

Study the market and distribution channels of olives and olive oil in Irbid governorate

Study the market and distribution channels of olives and olive oil in Irbid governorate

مستوى الرضا الوظيفي لدى معلمي المدارس الخاصة في محافظة إربد

he study aims to identify job satisfaction levels among private school teachers at Irbid governorate. The sample of the study consisted of (202) private school teachers who works in Qasabt Irbid and were selected using simple random method. To achieve the study objective, descriptive analytical method was used. The study results showed that the job satisfaction level of private school teachers was moderate. It also showed no statistically significant differences for the job satisfaction levels among private school teachers in light of qualification, years of experience and educational level. In light of the results, the study recommends to search for the appropriate methods which can be used to increase job satisfaction levels among private school teachers.

The effectiveness of using distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of the principals of Irbid schools: فاعلية استخدام التَعليم عَن بُعد في ظل جائحة كورونا في مدارس محافظة إربد من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of using distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of the principals of Irbid schools. A paragraph divided into three areas: 1) Continuity of using distance education in light of the Corona pandemic. 2) Obstacles to using distance education in light of the Corona pandemic. 3) The desired level of distance education. The results of the study came in varying degrees: medium, high The results of the study also showed the effectiveness of the use of distance education in light of the Corona pandemic to a high degree, and the reason is that the Ministry of Education relied on the infrastructure well. Also, the continuity of the distance education process in light of the Corona pandemic came to a high degree, due to the Ministry of Education’s adoption of advance and reliable software, and the focus of teachers on social media. Moreover, the obstacles to using distance education in light of the Corona pandemic came to a high degree due to the lack of pre- prepared educational software Also, the hoped- for level of distance education in light of the Corona pandemic in the schools of Irbid Governorate ranged between a medium degree and a high degree. This result is attributed to some teachers who do not have the ability to control students’ implementation of the tests, and the interaction of teachers and students is governed by the continuous availability of Internet service. The study recommended the need to take into account the abilities and characteristics of students, the capabilities of parents and their educational level before preparing and implementing any distance education study plans, and the need to direct the departments of the Ministry of Education to the importance of developing a plan to train teachers on the distance education system in terms of the techniques used, communication tools, and their importance in This system.

The Effectiveness of Portage Early Intervention Program in Improving Adaptive Behavior Skills with Intellectual Disorders

The aim of this study was to find the effectiveness of the Portage Program for Early Intervention in improving cognitive competencies of mothers with children having intellectual disabilities in applying portage program, and in developing those children&amp;rsquo;s adaptive behavior. The experimental sample included 10 children from Irbid Governorate with simple intellectual disabilities, using single-group experimentation. To achieve the goal of the study, the Portage Program (second edition) was adopted as well as the cognitive competence scale for pre and post-test, and the adaptive behavior scale for children with intellectual disabilities. Data from the implemented scales were treated statistically using proper statistical methods. The study reached the following results: There were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (&amp;alpha;=0.05) between the means of the pre- and post-test for performance of mothers of children with simple intellectual disabilities in the cognitive competence scale. There were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (&amp;alpha;=0.05) between the pre- and post-test means for performance of children with simple intellectual disabilities in the adaptive behavior scale. There were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (&amp;alpha;=0.05) between the post and follow up test means for performance of children with simple intellectual disabilities in the adaptive behavior scale. The study sets various recommendations in the fields of education and research. The results of the qualitative analysis indicated a noticeable improvement in the performance of the adaptive behavior skills of the individuals participated in study.

EFL language assessment literacy among Jordanian EFL secondary school teachers

The study aims to define EFL language assessment literacy among Jordanian EFL secondary school teachers. The study sample consisted of (214) EFL teachers at Irbid Governorate selected using random sampling method. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire consisted of (36) items was distributed on the study sample. The study showed that knowledge level of language assessment among Jordanian EFL teachers was low. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the knowledge level of language assessment among Jordanian EFL teachers due to years of experience, in favor of more than 10 years and due to qualification, in favor of PhD, while there were no statistically significant differences in light of gender. In light of the results the study suggests to pay more attention by university administrations to design training programs able to fulfill the actual needs of EFL pre-service teachers in Jordan. Keywords: Assessment Literacy, EFL Language.

The Impact of Compensation in Reducing the Feeling of Work Alienation of Administrators Working in Government Hospitals in Irbid Governorate

This study aimed to identify the effect of compensation in reducing the feeling of work alienation among administrators working in government hospitals in the governorate of Irbid. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach to deal with the data describing the researched community and the questionnaire in collecting data related to the study variables and analyzing them by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. (SPSS). The questionnaires were distributed over the sample using the comprehensive survey method, where the sample consisted of (164) administrators. The study found a statistically significant effect of financial compensation in its dimensions (direct and indirect) combined on work alienation in its dimensions (isolation, disability, non-normality, and self-estrangement). The study recommended the necessity of achieving justice in accordance with the principles and standards when distributing financial compensation, as well as recommending self-development courses.

The Impact of Compensation in Reducing the Feeling of Work Alienation of Administrators Working in Government Hospitals in Irbid Governorate

The Impact of Compensation in Reducing the Feeling of Work Alienation of Administrators Working in Government Hospitals in Irbid Governorate

Work pressures among teachers of learning disabilities in English language from their point of view

This study aimed at identifying the work pressures among teachers of learning disabilities in English language in Irbid governorate from their point of view. The total number of the study population was (60) male and female teachers, while the study sample included (30) male and female teachers. To collect the study information, the researcher developed a questionnaire to reveal the level of work stress among male and female teachers, and it included (40) items. The study found that there are pressures at work for teachers of LDs in English language. These pressures are the poor achievement of some students, large financial obligations for teachers, poor standards used to promote teachers, the large number of lessons taught by the teacher per week, daily planning, and overcrowding of students in class. The study recommended holding training courses for teachers in the private sector, similar to their colleagues in other sectors, to improve the educational process, and so that teachers can keep pace with the rapid scientific and technological development that the world is witnessing around them