Iraqi Society Research Articles

The Requirement of the National Democratic project in Iraq post Daesh Terrorist Group Stage

This study aims at re-transmit the spirit of the national democratic project of Iraq post of the chaos left by the Daesh terrorist group stage(The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ISIS) , Which controlled large parts of Iraq, and had an adverse effect on the political scene in Iraq, inspired everyone that there are deficiencies in the political, economic, religious and ethnic structure of the Iraqi people in non-response to democratic thought.The researcher relied on the hypothesis that " the requirements of building a democratic project are based on the need to provide the requirements ranging from two interrelated aspects, like the institutional aspect and the aspect that related to the general and necessary requirements for the establishment of democracy in society, in which the principles of majority rule, the rule of law, authority concentration on the principles of the people's rule , and the rights of individuals guaranteed". This study utilized systematic analysis approach, historical approach,and the inductive approach undertaking the research. Government reports, statutes and laws were likewise hotspots for essential information in this review. Optional information was fundamentally from scholastic works, for example, books, diary articles, and theses. The results revealed that the model of building democratic Iraqi society post-ISIS needs primarily the government integrated system that includes principles, institutions and mechanisms that control the process of identifying options, making public decisions and the circulation of power periodically, In addition to balancing between rights and duties which can considered as the one of the main characteristic of democracy in order to achieve and developing security and stability in Iraq .

Community Rehabilitation for Families of persons Convicted of Terrorism, Field study in Anbar provincem

Iraqi society, like other societies, witnessed social, economic and political changes after 2003. These changes have increased social problems within the community. Terrorism is one of the main phenomena that spread at that time. Many terrorist organizations have emerged in Iraqi society, whose social fabric, political stability and economic activity are at risk. The most dangerous of these organizations appeared in 2014, when they controlled a third of the governorates of Iraq. They have destroyed many cities and practiced brutal and inhumane methods against members of Iraqi society, such as rape, detention, displacement, and the recruitment of children, youth and families. These methods have led to many problems, including the problem of families of those convicted of terrorism and their effects on the individual or society. Therefore, this research aims to give special importance to the rehabilitation of these families and their integration into society. It aims to define social rehabilitation programs for families of those convicted of terrorism and to understand the nature of these programs. It seeks to determine the reasons for joining terrorist organizations. It also highlights the social reality of families of those convicted of terrorism, in Anbar Governorate and Habbaniyah city in particular, In order to improve the living conditions of these families and achieve opportunities for social integration so that they can achieve social integration within the community. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical method and the method of a social survey by taking a sample of (250) families.

The role of investigative media in monitoring the corruption issues and promoting a culture of integrity in Iraqi society.

The research aimed to identify the role of investigative media in monitoring corruption issues, promoting a culture of integrity in Iraqi society, and monitoring the functions of investigative media that deal with corruption issues. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, the researcher used a survey method (questionnaire) for data collection, and the sample was selected in incidental way of 70 items, the the most important results were: 1. The investigative media contributes to the maintenance of the job system, public money, and good dealing with citizens and give the awareness. 2. Investigative media has a realistic character through discussion the issues and the events; and follow them continuously, and has the ability of explanation and clarification, accuracy and credibility of the issues dealt with. 3. There are professional, financial, psychological and social pressures related to investigative media work. 4. The most corruption issues that are difficult for the investigative media to investigate are misappropriation of public funds. files of the Integrity Commission, monopoly and sale of positions, election rigging and manipulation of goods prices. 5. The most prominent solutions are enactment of new laws relating to the protection of investigative journalists and enable them carry out their work, and provide legal and institutional protection for the surveyors. 6. There are high of statistical differences of the respondents according to gender and years of service, while variables (age, academic achievement) have a medium and low value.

A Pragmatic Study of the Impact of Congregational Sermons of the Grand Ayatollah AL- Sistani on Iraqi Society (2014-2016)

Abstract
 This study investigates the impact of the congregational sermons of the Grand Ayatollah Al:Sistani on Iraqi society 2014-2016 , by using a pragmatic analysis. It aims to investigate how these sermons are influential and affective in the society reformation . In order to achieve this study, there are certain hypotheses that have been hypothesized to get a clear idea about the study presented. One of these hypotheses is that congregational sermons have a great impact on societies in all aspects of life , particularly the Islamic societies .This study is carried out by using Searle’s contributions to speech act theory presented by felicity conditions (1969) and the classification of speech act types (1975).

Street children causes, results and their impact on Iraqi society

From the current research we identify: 1- The impact of some demographic variables in pushing children to the streets depending on the variables: A) Age (6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17) years. B) Sex (males, females). 2-The effect of some variables related to family conditions depending on the variables. the period in which the child is present in the street; Daily income. The sample of the current research was composed of (300) respondents. The data were collected through the preparation of a questionnaire and through the interview and observation. The researchers may investigate the psychometric characteristics of honesty and persistence.

The Deeper Wounds: Living in the Trauma Zone in Jawad Al-Assadi’s Baghdadi Bath and Mithal Ghazi’s A Feminine Solo

Various literary studies have investigated the psychological, social and cultural effects of traumatic events. They give voice to traumatised victims and enable them to convey and confront their traumas. However, these studies present a one-sided view, concentrating largely on the presentation of trauma in the industrial societies of the Western world. Recently, increasing attention has been devoted to identifying and depicting the forms and types of trauma that have been experienced in marginalised and neglected societies, such as the Iraqi society. Iraq has witnessed the unexpected fall of a brutal dictatorship, Western invasion and an unprecedented rise of sectarian discourses. This extreme violence has deeply affected many aspects of cultural production, particularly the rise of trauma in dramatic works of art. The present paper aims to examine two plays, namely, Jawad Al-Assadi’s Baghdadi Bath and Mithal Ghazi’s A Feminine Solo, using trauma theory in analysing the notions of the traumatic effect of war on survivors and Antonin Artaud’s Theatre of Cruelty in explaining the issue of staging violence. This paper concludes that these plays bear witness to and expose the devastating effect of war on the identities of traumatised Iraqi characters, while at the same time, endowing them with a sense of hope to overcome their traumatised state..

Geographical Analysis of Population Growth Trends of Al-Anbar Province Population and its Future Prospects for the Period (1947 - 2007)

The research aims to reveal population growth trends for the population of Anbar province. The importance of population growth is highlighted because it helps to know population changes in the past, present and future, which provide the planners with the necessary data to use in order to set general lines for planning programs in various areas of economic and social life, Therefore, population growth has become one of the phenomena emphasized by the population geographers. Thus, it addresses the natural characteristics of Al-Anbar Province, which are the ground upon which the phenomenon of population growth trends emerges for the population of Anbar province. It also detects some variables affecting the variance of the population growth of the province population and its analysis temporally through identifying the methods of measuring population growth rates. The study finds out that the natural characteristics played a major role in affecting the population characteristics, in addition to the decrease in the number of males versus the increase in females number. It also concludes that there is a continued growth of the population of the province with high growth rates and in a stable level during the study period. The study recommends to balance the population growth rates during the study period, and to educate families about the importance of registering child births immediately after giving birth to have more accurate and realistic data. It recommends too that the state’s population policy should be clear and announced in regard to reproduction in order to be consistent with the Iraqi society perspectives and the aspirations of the state.

Multilingual journeys: Jewish travel narratives and multicultural identities in interwar Iraq

This article suggests that the Jews in northern Iraq lived in, and were part of, multiethnic and multireligious communities, whose identities were fluid, mobile and volatile. While some northern Jewish experiences serve as testimony to the strength of the new nation state, other historical experiences underline the fragmented nature of Iraqi society, where individuals were members of multiple linguistic and cultural communities. These shifting Jewish identities, moreover, were not simply a result of Jews living amongst Arab, Turkish, Kurdish, Assyrian and Armenian communities, but rather a product of Iraqi modernity itself.

IDPs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI): Intractable Return and Absence of Social Integration Policy

AbstractThis paper examines the protracted nature of displacement in the Iraqi context and places emphasis on the need for a social integration policy to bridge the deep cleavages of Iraqi society. Methodologically, the paper utilizes qualitative data by conducting focus‐group discussions with IDPs and semi‐structured individual interviews in KRI. In terms of return possibilities, while return in many ways is perceived to be not practical and to involve future risks, research findings show that a community‐based distinction needs to be made between IDPs from minority backgrounds and IDPs who belong to demographic majorities in the homeland locations. A second distinction is a geographic and political one as findings indicate that IDPs who take refuge in KRI, though remain largely dissatisfied with displacement conditions, are willing to stay in KRI longer in the hope of further security and reconstruction process in the violence‐affected areas. With respect to social integration policy, the paper outlines institutional, political and cultural explanations for a virtually absolute absence of social integration policy on national and regional levels. The paper suggests that the proposed social integration policy can capitalize practical implications of Social Contact Theory (SCT) in enhancing the integration of IDPs in the host communities.

The impact of corruption on the human security of societies in transition (Iraq case study since 2003)

PurposeIraqi society has suffered from loss or fragility of human security since 2003. The developmental policies, programs and plans of the successive Iraqi Governments throughout the transitional period have not been able to achieve human security, despite the availability of different resources. They have also not prevented or limited the spread of corruption, according to domestic and international reports. Now the country faces a large phenomenon of corruption and the dilemma of human security loss. This study aims to ascertain the nature of the relationship between the phenomenon of corruption and the dilemma of loss or fragility of human security in Iraq since 2003 to learn about the form of this relationship, how the selected variables contribute to the two phenomena and determine the degree of impact of corruption and its dimensions on human security and its components.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses the social survey methodology of the sample taken from the Iraqi society and benefits from system analysis approach to identify the inputs and outputs of the variables researched. Moreover, the study uses the case study methodology to collect data and information precisely in an in-depth manner to support qualitative and quantitative analysis and clarifies the situation at the macro level of both phenomena.FindingsFindings show the prevalence of corruption structurally in the Iraqi state and society. The contribution of dimensions and selected indicators in the spread of corruption and lack of human security varies. Findings also underline a strong statistical correlation between the two variables and their reverse relationship. In other words, the more the corruption is, the less the opportunities of human security are. There is also a strong impact of corruption and its dimensions on the conditions of human security factors.Practical implicationsThe paper provides profitable findings and recommendations, which can be used by the Iraqi relevant institutions to eliminate corruption, achieve human security and benefit from its indicators in research and development.Originality/valueThe new addition of this research can be represented by linking the two phenomena and trying to build national standards with the capacity to describe, interpret and predict.

Drug Addiction and the Most Important Diseases that affect Human Mental, Mental and Physical Health in Iraqi Society

First: Problem and Importance of search The effects of psychological, health, mental and physical are serious diseases that affect the individual drug user was not the drug of this age has been known by man since ancient times and fought ancient societies medically, culturally, socially and religiously Human life from the deterioration of his health and his illnesses complex mental health, mental and physical Second: Goals of search Drug addiction and the most important diseases that affect human mental, mental and physical health in Iraqi society. Third: Society and sample of search The study sample was selected on two middle schools in Al-Hilla city (Imam Ali School for Boys and Bint Al-Huda School for Girls). 100) Researched and used the method of social survey method intentional sample and questionnaire, interview, observation, participation and statistical methods and hypotheses and the most important treatments for addicts are psychological, health, mental, physical and social treatment.

The Psychological, Mental and Physical Effects of Defamation Crimes and Their Severity on the Health of the Iraqi Individual

One of the most serious diseases that affect human health, psychological, mental and physical life is the defamation crimes in the society that have a relationship that affects the individual and directly affects the emotions and feelings and the human mind and kill him and affect human behavior in general. The individual by the press and its impact turns to God acting unconsciously and concentrate in attaining the behavior that he did without realizing the magnitude of the damage caused. Goals of search: Psychological, mental, health and physical effects and their severity on human health. Diseases that are dangerous to human mental, physical and mental health in Iraqi society. Prohibitions of publishing defamation crimes in the press that are related to human mental, mental and physical health in Iraqi law. The research community of (100) The sample was adopted at the University of Baghdad (College of Information) as a model has been the research sample (100) of the total research community. The social survey, interview, questionnaire and statistical methods were used.

Unemployment and Its Role in Increasing Crime Rates within the Iraqi Society

Unemployment is a complex problem whose dimensions and effects are not confined to the economic aspect solely, but also extend to the political, social, cultural and security aspects. It has great consequences, the first of which is crime and the increase of its rates. Perhaps there is a big difference between the developing communities that are still suffering from economic crises and instability in most fields of life, and suffer from chronic unemployment, which almost takes the form of the heavy legacy passed down from one generation to the next and the developed communities that are thinking of the need to exploit leisure time ideally through the creation of more future job opportunities and the importance of providing generous pensions for aged groups, not to mention the development of service sectors, especially health services and increasing the percentage of those covered by health care and health insurance services. Perhaps the difference between these and those is the attraction factor of security stability, which is the most effective tool for crime prevention and control, rather than the huge money spent by developing communities in building and arming the security

Biofuel Addition to Kerosene-A Way to Reduce the Level of Contamination

This study suggests a solution to a substantial dilemma in Iraqi society. The pollutants resulted from Kerosene combustion in the stonemasonry ovens, which emits variable types of pollutants to the air and products. Biofuels produced from edible food wastes have been added to kerosene at different percentages to reduce toxicity levels, most notably the lead portion in kerosene. The results of the study show that the kerosene biofuel blends are clean and free of lead and sulfur compounds, in addition to the availability of production potential. The use of food wastes in the production of biofuels is an economical solution to waste accumulation. The study was conducted on a stone kiln in Baghdad. Lead ratios were measured in kerosene samples and different proportions of kerosene-biofuels blends. The samples produced in the oven and two cases of the initial and final baking process were also analyzed. The results revealed that the process of mixing biofuels with kerosene reduces the proportion of lead, which is directly proportional to the proportion of biofuels, accompanied by an increase in the relative baking time (ineffective) due to the different calorific value of biofuels.

A cross-sectional study of epidemiological factors associated with drug use among secondary school students

ABSTRACT Objective: Few data are available about drug use among Iraqi society, especially among people within the most vulnerable period, adolescence and secondary education. Hence, this study was designed to determine the prevalence and to examine the epidemiological factors associated with drug use among secondary school students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional school-based study was designed and students were selected using a multistage sampling method during the period from March through April 2018 in Al-Hilla city – Babil – Iraq. In the first stage, 15 secondary schools were selected using cluster sampling. Students at each secondary school, one study hall classroom per grade level were randomly selected to participate in the second stage of this study. Chi-square was used to determine if certain factors are associated significantly (pvalue ≤0.05) with drug use. Results: The overall prevalence of drug use was (9.5%) (most of them were male). Other important aspects of drug use (e.g., source of acquiring drug) among the target population were reported. A significant association between drug use and some important factors was found. Conclusion: High prevalence of drug use was shown among the students and some factors appear to play a crucial role in drug use initiation, which necessitates preventive measures.

The Impact of Social Media on Undergraduate Medical Students in the University of Kerbala, Iraq

Background: Social networks refer to web-based and mobile applications available on various platforms that allow users to exchange information, ideas, feelings, files, update their status and interact with other user-generated contents over internet. Social networks are becoming increasingly popular among university students. Objectives: Explore the impact of social media on undergraduate medical students in the University of Kerbala and to determine the factors affecting the attitude and practice of medical students to the social media networks. Method: A cross sectional study, was conducted among medical students, of both gender, from first to sixth stage in University of Kerbala/Iraq. The total sample collected was 774 students, 40 students were excluded, and accordingly, the sample was 734 students. The data were collected using a valid self-administered questionnaire that was modified to be suitable for Iraqi society. Student T test and Analysis of variance test were used to identify factors correlated with the impact of social media and p-value at the level of less than 0.05 is considered as significant value. Results :About 98.2% of the medical students were used social media daily, they were used more than 4 sites to access, Majority of them used Telegram 93.7%and YouTube 89.6%. spent about 6 hours/day, more than 10 time/day, they were used social media during free time, more active at night, also the students had got a benefit from the site of college. There was a high significant difference between positive impact and stage, time spent. While there was no significant correlation with duration of sleep at night. Conclusions : Overall, the impact of social media on undergraduate medical students in the University of Kerbala was positive. There was no significant correlation between gender, time spent on social media, duration of sleep at night and students’ performance.

Sectarianization and De-sectarianization in the Struggle for Iraq’s Political Field

Iraq’s political system, an elite pact justified through ethno-religious consociationalism or sectarian apportionment (Muhasasa Ta’ifiyya), was created in the aftermath of invasion and regime change in 2003. The system’s legitimation was based on a very specific understanding of Iraqi society and the role of elections in managing that society. However, this system did not prevent the brutal civil war that raged in Iraq from 2004 until 2008. Once the civil war ended and communally justified violence declined, other negative consequences of the system became increasingly apparent, namely the widespread and systematically sanctioned political corruption at its core and the institutional incoherence the system created. A sustained post-civil war challenge to the system has come through a series of mass demonstrations, starting in 2009, but reaching their peak, in terms of size and ideational coherence, in 2019. In the face of its unpopularity, the majority of Iraq’s politicians may have moved away from the overt promotion of sectarianism, but the political system still functions, as it has since 2003, with systemic corruption and coercion taking the place of sectarian ideology in terms of delivering elite cohesion and defending the status quo.

"Washing Away the Shame": A Forgotten Arab-Jewish Author as a Pioneer against Honor Killing

Arab-Jewish culture witnessed a new revival during the first half of the twentieth century, but this revival was cut short as a casualty of Jewish and Arab nationalism. This article seeks to reclaim the voice of the currently voiceless Arabic literature written by Jews, focusing on the writings of the Iraqi-Jewish writer and poet Ya'qūb Balbūl (1920–2003), whose devotion to the Arab nation and Iraqi society and his Arabic literary activities and contributions, like those of other Arab-Jewish writers, artists, and intellectuals, sank unfortunately into total oblivion. One of Balbūl's short stories from the late 1930s, "Ṣūra Ṭibqa al-Aṣl" [True Copy] is the focus of this essay—the story refers to his struggle against honor killing in Iraqi society and its translation is included at the end of the article. The practice of murder for family honor has been employed by several communities in the Muslim world, where the purity of women is often used as a benchmark for the entire family's honor. Little did Ya'qūb Balbūl and other Arab-Jewish writers and intellectuals foresee at the time that ideological and political developments in Palestine would crudely foreshorten that envisioned new revival of the Muslim-Christian-Jewish-Arab symbiosis during the twentieth century. We are currently witnessing the demise of Arab-Jewish culture—a tradition that started more than 1,500 years ago is currently vanishing before our very own eyes.

Gallbladder stone formation in Iraqi patients is associated with bacterial infection and HLA class II-DRB1 antigens.

Gallbladder stone is recently increased among the Iraqi society due to many risk factors such as bacterial infection and some HLA class II antigens. This study investigates the types of bacterial infection and HLA-DRB1 antigens' ratio that may be correlated with gallbladder stone formation. Setting and Design: The study included 45 patients and the same number of healthy individuals as a control group. Patients were with multiple gallstones. Gallstone bacterial culture was demonstrated to diagnose viable bacteria. HLA-DRB1 alleles' frequency was investigated using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP). Irrespective of gallstone type and size, different types of living viable bacteria were isolated from the cores of the studied gallstones in 80% of the studied cases versus 20% of sterile gallstones. Gram-negative bacteria cultures were the dominant (89.3%), including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Enterobacter spp. Mixed infection of Gram-positive and negative bacteria was noted: Escherichia coli and Enterococus spp. and the others of Escherichia coli and Acitobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Gram-positive bacteria cultures were also detected at lower rate (10.7%) including Staphylococci spp. The frequency of HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*4:03, HLA-DRB1*13:22, and HLA-DRB1*15:10 alleles was significantly elevated in patients compared to the healthy control group. Results ensured the viability of the bacteria isolated from the core of gallstones and showed positive correlation between gallbladder stone and different bacterial infection. In addition, HLA-DRB1 alleles were significantly high in patients compared to healthy control group suggesting them as risk factors (P < 0.05).

ADMINISTRATIVE CORRUPTION IN MODERN IRAQ

The problem of administrative corruption, as an integral part of corruption in general, has become especially urgent in modern Iraq. In recent decades, the level of corruption in all spheres of Iraqi society has increased significantly. The authors of the articles consider certain aspects and overall situation with administrative corruption in Iraq, investigate the causes of its occurrence and propose measures to combat this phenomenon.