Iraqi Politics Research Articles

The Role of Oil in Iraqi Politics: From Independence to the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century

This study reviewed how oil affected Iraq's internal and foreign policies throughout contemporary history, as it sought in its goal to identify the role of oil in Iraqi politics from independence until the beginning of the twenty-first century, and to achieve the goal of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was relied on, and the historical method, in order to identify the scene of Iraqi politics and the impact of oil and its role in the political practices of the Iraqi state since independence until the beginning of the twenty-first century, and the importance of the study is due to the importance of oil The first is the importance of oil in Iraq, and it has two requirements, the first is a brief summary of the history of the importance of oil in Iraq The second demand focused on the status of oil in the period following the independence of the Iraqi state. .and the second section was entitled Oil crises and their repercussions on Iraqi policy, and it has two requirements, the first dealt with the crisis The first oil and its repercussions on Iraqi politics, and the second requirement dealt with the second oil crisis and its repercussions on Iraqi politics, then came the third section entitled the role of oil in the political scene of the State of Iraq, and it has two requirements, the first talked about the political situation of the State of Iraq at the beginning of the 21st century and the role of Iraqi oil in the international scene, The second and final requirement of the study focused on Iraq's political and economic landscape in the aftermath of 2003; The study also explored the role of oil in the reconstruction of the Iraqi state. It uncovered several key findings, among which the most significant are: the management of oil in Iraq is synonymous with the management of all industrialized nations. The post-2003 period brought about transformative changes, as Iraq's oil market endured severe crises. Politically, the lack of democracy and the challenges of establishing a more democratic system in Iraq can only be fully understood by considering the economic dimensions, particularly the role of oil. The study highlighted that Iraq faced significant market risks and oil price fluctuations. Additionally, the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the subsequent period up to 2011 confirmed that historical narratives about Iraq remain deeply influential. Although there are multiple political reasons for the invasion of Iraq, all reconstruction policies and projects after the invasion also relied on the oil sector, and the study justifies that the Iraqi state cannot withdraw from the economic scene, but will be forced to adopt economic policies, However, oil remains a political and strategic commodity over which no country can cede control to non-state actors.

Demagogic Discourse of Iraqi Political Figureson Satellite Channels

Demagogic Discourse of Iraqi Political Figureson Satellite Channels

Sarcasm in Iraqi Political Interviews

Sarcasm in Iraqi Political Interviews

The Crises of Political System in Iraq Since 2005

The political system in Iraq post 2005 is unstable due to several reasons; first, the influence of ethno-sectarian, religion, and tribal affiliations on the Iraqi politics. Second, violating the constitution by branches of government in general and executive power in particular. The researcher has utilized the most relevant literature for collecting all the data which are belong to this study in order to investigate the causes and effects behind the crises of political system since-2005. This study has applied instability theory for analyzing data. After analyzing the existing data with results the researcher indicated that there is a strong relation between established literature and findings in this study project. The researcher finds out the importance of this topic to evaluate the political system in Iraq since 2005 and to investigate the causes and effects behind the crises of the political system in Iraq post-2005. The findings of this study will confirms whether the lack of political culture and the dominance of tribal society leads to political instability in Iraq and, how the ongoing interference from foreign states becomes the main challenge towards state-building in Iraq.

Ali Al-Wardi: A Cultured Position

This article concerns with the Iraqi prominent sociologist Ali Al-Wardi (1913-1995), as an intellectual occupied a unique position in Iraqi culture in the second half of the twentieth century. In order to comprehend this position, the article describes the Iraqi political and cultural conditions in which al-Wardi's writings emerged and the circumstances of the emergence of sociology as a scientific branch in the Iraqi academy. The article focuses on the role that Al-Wardi attributed to knowledge as a major component and a guide for public policy, and then it evaluates and criticizes his theses and their realistic and scientific efficiency to play this role.

Women´S Role in Kurdish and Iraqi Political Parts In 1958 Till 1975

Women´S Role in Kurdish and Iraqi Political Parts In 1958 Till 1975

Aid diplomacy in Iraqi politics: humanitarian aid as a model

Discussing aid diplomacy in Iraqi politics, dealing with the issue of humanitarian aid as an important and vital topic in international relations. Humanitarian aid aims to address an emergency situation such as humanitarian disasters that afflict people and aims to provide the necessary humanitarian needs. government and various governments in order to save a human group in the event of a confirmed danger, its forms and principles that govern it, as well as dealing with the role of humanitarian aid in drawing Iraqi foreign policy and the most important models of this aid .

Politicians, officers and political transition: the case of post 2003 Iraq

This study brings the notion of informal institutions developed by Helmke and Levintsky’s research agenda into the body of literature on civil–military relations. While acknowledged by the existing literature, the link between informal political-security connections and political transition remains largely undertheorised. Based on the case of post­-invasion Iraq, I attempt to fill this gap, building a conceptual understanding of politician-officer personal connections and their role in defining political order in post-authoritarian and conflict settings. Data collected through fieldwork across Iraq helped to build a typology of the informal connections (communal ties, patronage ties or ideologies ties) and the institutional outcomes they generate over time after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime (ethno-sectarian state, a patronage state and a Shia-centred state). Personal connections have been relevant since the colonial era in Iraq. But the de-institutionalisation of Iraqi politics, accelerated by sanctions and the US-led invasion, make these connections crucially relevant for understanding the country’s political transition since the fall of Saddam Hussein. The common history that brought these individuals together, the political order and the violent transition they shaped is an untold story that this study aims to tell.

Iraqi Political Theater: More than a Comment


 This study aims to shed light on the Iraqi political theatre , and how the political events especially war effected the on the theatrical works. The researcher chooses the Iraqi playwright Ali Abdul nabi Az-Zaidi as representative .The study gives short introduction on the Iraqi political events starting from 1980`s , then it deals with (Rubbish) (Qummama) and this play shows the destruction of Iraqi social life after long eight years of war , the play tells the story of a solider comes back from a war with an obstruction to find that his wife and mother have lost their chastity and worked as Prostitutes. The play is full of dark images which show the devastating effect of war on both human and society .

Американская оккупация Ирака и проблема шиитского активизма

Introduction. The article analyzes the reasons and prerequisites for the political activation of the struggle of the Shiites of Iraq for their rights under the American occupation during the reign of the Provisional Coalition Administration of Paul Bremer. The article studies the main activities of the American occupation authorities in 2003 and 2004 to «democratize» post- Saddam Iraq in the political, economic and military spheres and their results, which led to an increase in anti-American sentiments among the Shiite population. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of sources consisting of the memoirs of the American official P. Bremer and the Iraqi politician A. Allawi, which allow a comparative analysis of the goals and objectives of the American occupation administration and their implementation, from the point of view of the Shiite community in Iraq. Analysis. An important part is the analysis of the state of the Shiite community and the struggle for influence between the leading political leaders of religious Shiites who defended different ways of development of post-Saddam Iraq on the examples of the activities of Ayatollahs Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim, Abdul Majid al-Khoi and Mullah Muqtada al-Sadr. Results. It is concluded that the events in the spring of 2004 with the epicenter in Nejef became the highest manifestation of the intensification of the Shiite struggle for their rights in post-Saddam Iraq. The compromise reached with Muqtada al-Sadr not only brought him to the forefront of influential Iraqi politicians, but also meant the actual failure of the initial US plans to democratize Iraq according to Western patterns. With his decisive actions, Muqtada al-Sadr demonstrated the attitude of the Shiites to defend a place corresponding to their position in the future structure of Iraq, which inevitably led to an aggravation of ethno-confessional confrontation with other communities such as Sunnis and Kurds.

Strategies of Ideological Manipulation in Selected Speeches of Iraqi Political Discourse after 2003

هذه الورقة هي محاولة للتحقيق في الاستراتيجيات اللغوية للتلاعب الأيديولوجي في خطابات مختارة من السياسيين العراقيين بعد عام 2003. يركز التحليل على تحديد ووصف الأدوات اللغوية المستخدمة في البيانات. علاوة على ذلك ، فإنه يتناول الوظيفة الاجتماعية للممارسة اللغوية والسلطة في السياسة. الحوار. لهذا الغرض ، يقوم الباحث على وجه التحديد بتحليل مفهوم الفيدرالية على أساس أيديولوجيتين متناقضتين. لإنجاز هذه المهمة ، يتبنى الباحث نموذج Van Dijk الاجتماعي المعرفي (1995b ؛ 2006a).

Turbulent Times for the ‘New Iraq’

There is little to celebrate as the twentieth anniversary of the “new Iraq” approaches. This essay seeks to shed light on the nature of the governing system that has emerged over the past two decades, and the fissures that have appeared in Iraqi politics at the time of writing. Iraq today is a vastly different place from when it last dominated Western headlines. Taking stock of the profound transformations of the intervening years is crucial to understanding where Iraq is today and where it might be headed.

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

A Model for Investigating the Iraqi Politics During the Elections

The Iraqi political arena has witnessed a dramatic change after the year of 2003. It moved from the dominated republican system to a democratic system. This movement in the political system has affected the situation in Iraq in terms of economic, education, industrial, trading, to mention a few. This paper analyses the Iraqi parliament representatives’ affiliations in terms of their coalitions they formed in the elections. Moreover, this study tries enabling us to deeply understand how the Iraqi parliament representatives are connected to each other and the relations among them. It also provides us with information on how different provinces adopted different coalitions regardless their religion and other tendencies. Several political networks were generated and visualized based on the concepts of complex networks. Each network represents a particular political aspect of the current Iraqi parliament. This study also reveals a new trend of forming coalitions in Iraq and the strategy followed by the representatives in attaching to coalitions. Finally, we believe this is the first kind of work that uses this approach of analysis in understanding the trend of Iraqi politicians.

The ‘retirement’ of Moqtada al-Sadr and its effect on Iraqi politics

On 29 August 2022, the influential Iraqi party-leader Moqtada al-Sadr announced his withdrawal from politics via Twitter. He has done so many times before, however, and remained a central figure in the country’s political system. Six weeks after Sadr’s most recent announcement, a new Iraqi president took office, leaving Sadr with little ability to influence the current government. It is uncertain whether he will be content in this position or whether he will resort to street or electoral politics to transform the political system once more.

Developing A Network Model for the Iraqi Political Coalitions

Data science has become a dominant tool in many different disciplines. Many methods and approaches are available and can be used in analyzing data. Network science approach is currently considered a powerful tool that is able to visualize and analyze complex data through investigating the relations among data objects. This kind of methods considers data as nodes that are connected by edges among them, and these connections are created based on a particular strategy. In this work, we generate a network model for the Iraqi parties using the IHEC public dataset. The model consists of nodes and edges connecting them. The performance of the generated network model was evaluated using two-level of measurements; Network-Level measurements (i.e., density, average degree, degree distribution, average path length, and average clustering coefficient) and Node-Level measurements (i.e., betweenness centrality and degree centrality). The visualization and the analysis of the network showed interesting facts about the collaboration patterns among the Iraqi parties. This work also showed that network science is useful in analyzing complex and highly related data. It can also reveal some hidden patterns that might be existed within the data.

Developing A Network Model for the Iraqi Political Coalitions

Before the year of 2003, the Iraqi political arena was dominated by one-party regime. This party was the main and the only party that controlled all the joints of the country such as the education, economic, and industry sectors. After 2003, the whole political system of the country was transitioned from being a single-party to a multiparty regime. These parties formed coalitions and compete with each other to win the major offices in Iraq. In this paper, we involve the concepts of complex network in investigating and understanding the political performance of the current Iraqi parties in terms of political collaboration. We aim to generate and visualize a political network for the Iraqi parties and involve some measurements in the analysis. Using this measurement, we plan to evaluate the parties and the coalitions formed by these parties. We also plan to highlight some of the influential parties' leaders.

Semiotics in Political Discourse. An Analytical Treatment of Political Text Criticisms Since 2003: The Case of the Discourse of Prime Minister Nouri Al-Maliki

This article discusses the function of semiotics in political discourse after the socio-political processes taking place in Iraq since 2003 and its role in the development of textual criticisms of some Iraqi politicians, analyzes the reasons for its functioning in the speech of politicians. The research is mainly focused on finding out to what extent political text studies draw on sign systems that can store and transmit information, the nature of its purpose and the use of available fields for the purpose to be achieved. The chief purpose of the study is to investigate and also clarify the symbols and signs appear within the framework of discursive Iraqi politicians, the nature of the symbols used, and the meanings that are included in the discourse in terms of structure, context, and form. Moreover, it has been attempted to define semiotic features in the texts of Iraqi politicians; and elicit structure, style and wording, and the degree of convergence of meaning and form in the semiotic application.

Not to mislead peace: on the demise of identity politics in Iraq

By drawing on theories of transition to democracy, social value shifts and recent studies on Iraqi politics and society, this article offers a critical standpoint on the alleged demise/death of identity politics in Iraq. The article suggests that the sort of societal transformation that is indispensable to the demise of ‘aggressive sectarianism’, ethnic nationalism and the oppression of minority groups has not yet occurred. Any value changes favouring the consolidation of citizenship values and the formation of an Iraqi identity require, among other conditions, a stable, sustainable and steady move towards democratisation, good governance and a broader, often lengthy, process of social and economic transformations. The article therefore contends that any attempt at peace in the country necessitates addressing peace as (1) a fundamental matter of governance and (2) an everyday practice in the local terrain. Regarding state-building and governance, the article suggests that ‘rectifying’ the post-2003 trend may have adverse consequences should the process run in the direction of retreat from democracy and a rigid re-centralisation of the country. While Iraq’s ‘the local’, increasingly vibrant, its constructive impacts on formal politics and peacebuilding, remain uncertain.

Women and Gender in Iraq: Between Nation-Building and Fragmentation

Women and Gender in Iraq: Between Nation-Building and Fragmentation