Ipomoea Research Articles

All trans-cis -carotene content of selected sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) varieties as influenced by different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application

All trans-cis isomers content of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) as influenced by different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The nitrogen fertilizer treatments were four nitrogen levels of 0 (control), 40, 80, 120 kg N/ha and four varieties of sweet potatoes: White fleshed TIS87/0087 and TIS8164, orange-fleshed, Ex-Igbariam and CIP Tanzania. The study area was Umudike Southeast Nigeria, located at latitude 05°29’N and longitude 07°33E, and at elevation of 122 m above sea levels. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly (P 0.05) for the varieties studied except CIP Tanzania. β-carotene (trans-cis isomers) has the potential to improve vitamin A status among the vulnerable groups in Southeast Nigeria. Sweet potato being a stable crop in Southeast Nigeria can be effectively used as a vehicle for improving the Vitamin A intake in this ecological zone through biofortification with β-carotene. With nitrogen fertilizer increasing sweet potato production in this ecological zone, the evaluation of the trans-cis isomers of β-carotene content was a major objective. Key words: β-carotene, trans-cis isomers, sweet potato varieties, nitrogen fertilizer application.

Drought and leaf damage limit the search for support in the climbing plant Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth (Convolvulaceae)

Hay evidencia de que las plantas trepadoras aumentan su tasa de enredo luego del dano foliar, evitando asi a los herbivoros, y que la sequia limita esta respuesta. Sin embargo, se desconoce si la combinacion del dano foliar y la sequia afectan a la busqueda de soporte, un proceso ecologicamente relevante para las plantas trepadoras. En este trabajo evaluamos el efecto combinado de la sequia y el dano foliar en busqueda de soporte en la enredadera Ipomoea pupurea (Convolvulaceae). Las plantas se asignaron a una combinacion de tres niveles de riego (riego normal, sequia moderada y sequia intensa) y dos niveles de dano (control y 50% de defoliacion). Se coloco un soporte a 15 cm del tallo y se registro el tiempo de enredo efectivo (giro de 360° alrededor del soporte). Tambien se midieron algunos rasgos funcionales para explorar posibles mecanismos. El dano foliar disminuyo el tiempo de enredo efectivo en todos los tratamientos con excepcion del de sequia intensa. La sequia intensa disminuyo el crecimiento de las plantas, particularmente al combinarla con dano foliar. En la naturaleza, las plantas trepadoras usualmente no estan en contacto con un soporte en sus etapas iniciales. La conducta de busqueda de soporte parece aumentar con el dano foliar, pero disminuye con la sequia. Plantas que experimenten simultaneamente dano foliar y sequia intensa tendran menor probabilidad de encontrar un soporte, resultando en una mayor posibilidad de dano foliar.

Notes and new species of the halictine genus Megommation Moure (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Augochlorini)

A new species of Megommation, M. amazonicum n. sp., is described and illustrated. An identification key for the two species of this genus is provided. Additionally, the lectotype and paralectotype of Megalopta (Megaloptella) ipomoea Schrottky are designated.

In-vitro Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Ipomoea obscura (l.): Potent Indian Medicinal Plant

Callus of the leaves, node and bud of Ipomoea obscura (L) was initiated on MS basal media supplemented with various combinations of auxins 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid with cytokines kinetin and benzyl amino-purin (BAP). Callus initiation was observed in all media but with varied mass. Highest percentage of callus response was obtained in combination of 2,4-D (0.8 mg/L) with kinetin (0.8mg/L); NAA (0.2mg/L) with BAP(0.2 mg/L); NAA (0.8 mg/L) with kinetin (0.8 mg/L) for explants leaves, node and bud, respectively. The callus was white in 2,4-D- and green in NAA- supplemented MS media. An efficient micropropogation protocol was developed for medicinal plant Ipomoea obscura (L.) by in-vitro culture of nodal part of mature plant. The MS media supplemented with 0.8 mg/L NAA with 0.8 mg/L kinetin induced three shoots per node in an average and was best for axillary bud proliferation.

Identification of paraquatresistant <i>Solanum nigrum</i> and <i>S americanum</i> biotypes

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) plants are highly susceptible to weed competition during their early field establishment period For a long time the contact herbicide paraquat has been widely used within the sweetpotato production system often as the only herbicide applied to control weeds that emerge within the crop A low rate of paraquat is applied repeatedly over the crop each season eliminating seedling weeds at a very young stage until the crop canopy provides adequate competition However the application of paraquat to selectively destroy seedling weeds has inadvertently selected for paraquatresistant weed biotypes This study confirms growers field observations that populations of paraquatresistant solanaceous weeds are now common identifying them as Solanum nigrum L and S americanum Mill Paraquat cannot be used selectively when these resistant biotypes are present as the concentrations required to control the weed species would be lethal to the crop itself

GENERAL (GCA) AND SPECIFIC (SCA) COMBINING ABILITY FOR QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF ORNAMENTAL VALUE IN F1 INTERSPECIFIC MORNING GLORY HYBRIDS

Incomplete diallel crosses were performed, in 2001, involving four Ipomoea species: I.tricolor, I.violacea, I.purpurea and I.hederacea. F1 hybrids were grown in Cluj-Napoca in 2002 and, based on results obtained, general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were estimated for the main quantitative characters considered as important breeding objectives in these ornamental species: plant height, length of inflorescence, no. of flowers/inflorescence, length of open corolla, length of corolla tube, diameter of open corolla, earliness of flowering and persistence of open flowers. The great majority of the studied characters, except for earliness of flowering and persistence of open flowers, showed significant additive effects, revealed by the high values of GCA effects. These results suggest that, in ornamental species of Ipomoea genus, for the quantitative characters taken into consideration, there might be found distinct groups of polygenes with positive effects and other groups with negative ones upon these traits. The SCA effects were found significant only in tow characters: length of floral peduncle and earliness of flowering. In the first of these two characters, the SCA effects had, practically, the same significant values as those of GCA effects while in the second one, solely the SCA effects showed significant values. Taking into consideration these results, it could be stated that, with the four ornamental morning glory species under study, there are poor chances to develop commercial hybrids in which the considered ornamental characters would express an obvious heterosis in the expected direction (negative or positive).

Morphological and agronomical characterization of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] germplasm collection from Tanzania

One hundred and thirty six sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) landraces collected from three different agro-ecological Zones of Tanzania [Lake Victoria basin (LZ), Eastern (EZ) and Southern Highlands Zones (SHZ)] were characterized morphologically and agronomically using International Potato Centre (CIP) descriptors in two seasons. The cluster analysis revealed existence of two major groups, 1 and 2 with low genetic variability of 0.52. Number of roots, weight of roots, fresh weight/plant and dry matter content differed significantly among and within agro-ecological Zones. Landraces Lubisi from southern highlands Zone had the highest number of roots (12 per plant) and Shinamugi from Eastern Zone had highest dry matter content of 39.4%. Overall, landraces from Lake Zone recorded highest average root weight of 8,977.7 kg ha-1 followed by Southern highlands (7,561.2 kg ha-1) and Eastern zone (4,333.0 kg ha-1). Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) indicated variances accumulated by the first five components of the six major morphological characters was 52.5% and produced similar groups corresponding to those of cluster analysis. Our data indicate low genetic variation despite significant variations shown by agronomical traits. Many landraces recorded in different names from three different agro ecological Zones showed close resemblance and grouped into two major groups suggesting presence of duplicates or mislabelling. Keywords: Morphological traits, agronomical traits, diversity, germplasm characterization, Ipomoea batatas, sweet potato

AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA E SELETIVIDADE DOS HERBICIDAS RAPTOR (IMAZOMOX) E PIVOT (IMAZETHAPYR) NA CULTURA DA SOJA (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill)

This experiment was carried out at Escola de Agromia - Universidade Federal de Goias, Goias State, with the purpose of evaluating efficiency and selectivity of Raptor (Imazamox) and Pivot (Imazetapyr) on weed control in the soybean crop. Seven treatments were tested: 1-Raptor DG + Cicol (42g ai/ha); Raptor DG + Cicol (49g ai/ha); Pivot DG + Cicol (80g ai/ha); Pivot DG + Cicol (98g ai/ha), Pivot AS (100g ai/ha); Flex + Energic (250g ai/ha + 0.2%) not weeded control. These treatments were planted as randomized blocks design with four replications. The soybean cultivar was Emgopa 313 sowing in 50 cm spacing and 20 plants/m density. At third evaluation, the treatments controlled more than 90% of Sida rhombifolia L., Blainvillea rhomboidea Cass., Spermacoce latifolia Aubl., Commelina nudiflora L. and Ipomoea purpurea Lam. KEY-WORDS: Imazamox; imazetaphyr; soybean; weed.

Effect of Ipomoea batatas Linn. (Lam) Root Extracts on Phagocytosis by Human Neutrophils

Objective: To study the effect of methanol extract of Ipomoea batatas root on neutrophils phagocytic function. Methods: Different concentrations (10, 20,50,100,1000 μg/ml) of methanol extract of Ipomoea batatas root was subjected to study its effect on different in vitro methods of phagocytosis such as neutrophils locomotion and chemotaxis test, in vitro immunostimulant activity by slide method and qualitative nitro blue tetrazolium test using human neutrophils. Result: The methanolic extract of Ipomoea batatas roots had stimulated chemotactic, phagocytic and intracellular killing potency of human neutrophils at the concentration range of 10-100μg/ml. Conclusions: The methanolic extract of Ipomoea batatas roots stimulates cell mediated immune system by increasing neutrophil phagocytic function.

Use of indigenous plant extracts for the protection of mechanically injured sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] tubers

Protection of mechanically injured Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) tubers from fungal rot with extracts of some indigenous plants namely; Alchornea cordifolia, Annona muricata, Allium sativum. Gacinia cola and Zingiber officinale was investigated. The following fungi; Aspergillus flavus link Ex fr, Aspergillus niger Van Tieghern, Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat) novel, Fusarium solani Mart Sacc. Desm, Fusarium oxysporum schlecht and Rhizopus stolonifer Ehrenb ex link were isolated from rotted tissues and found to cause rots of sweet potato tubers. The water extracts of these plants suppressed fungal growth in culture and reduced rot development in the tubers when inoculated with the fungi. The highest percentage inhibition of 73.33% was obtained with the use of Z. officinale extract on F. oxysporum while A. sativum extract caused 6.91% inhibition of F. solani. Rot development caused by B. theobromae was reduced by 45.64% with the use of A. cordifolia while Z. officinale gave the highest inhibition of 70.99% on R. stolonifer inoculated tubers. Key words: Plant extracts, rot fungi, rot inhibition, sweet potatoes.

Extraction and Identification of Alkaloids of the Ipomoea fistulosa (Aguapei or Mandiyurá) of Argentina

Fil: Cholich, Luciana Andrea. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina

CHECKING THE AUTHENTICITY OF F1 HYBRIDS IN IPOMOEA

The efficiency of selection, in interspecific hybrid populations of Ipomoea genus, depends on several factors among which the authenticity of hybrid plants on which selection is applied plays a major role. Since in Ipomoea genus identifying hybrid plants on the basis of quantitative characters is a most difficult task, breeders do this by taking into account the few (if any) alternative traits for which there is sound information concerning their inheritance. The paper presents the experimental results on testing the authenticity of hybrid plants, in Ipomoea genus, by means of RAPD analysis. DNA from hybrid plants belonging to six interspecific direct and reciprocal combinations among Ipomoea species was extracted and then amplified with 15 decamer primers which, in previous experiments with different Ipomoea species, produced true polymorphic bands. Six dendrograms were constructed based on DNA migration in agarose gel and analysis of formed bands. For all six combinations analyzed, the pattern of dendrograms proves that the plants which provided the tested DNA were true hybrids. It is concluded that RAPD analysis could successfully be used in checking the authenticity of hybrid plants in Ipomoea genus when no other cheaper and/or quicker procedure is available.

収穫後のサツマイモへの低温処理が糖含量ならびに貯蔵性に及ぼす影響

収穫後のサツマイモへの低温処理が糖含量ならびに貯蔵性に及ぼす影響

Food processing methods influence the glycaemic indices of some commonly eaten West Indian carbohydrate-rich foods.

Glycaemic index (GI) values for fourteen commonly eaten carbohydrate-rich foods processed by various methods were determined using ten healthy subjects. The foods studied were round leaf yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis), negro and lucea yams (Dioscorea rotundata), white and sweet yams (Dioscorea alata), sweet potato (Solanum tuberosum), Irish potato (Ipomoea batatas), coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), dasheen (Colocasia esculenta), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), green banana (Musa sapientum), and green and ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca). The foods were processed by boiling, frying, baking and roasting where applicable. Pure glucose was used as the standard with a GI value of 100. The results revealed marked differences in GI among the different foods studied ranging from 35 (se 3) to 94 (se 8). The area under the glucose response curve and GI value of some of the roasted and baked foods were significantly higher than foods boiled or fried (P<0.05). The results indicate that foods processed by roasting or baking may result in higher GI. Conversely, boiling of foods may contribute to a lower GI diet.

Ocorrência de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari, Tenuipalpidae), Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari, Tetranychidae) e Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari, Tarsonemidae) sobre folhas de Ipomoea cairica (Linnaeus) Sweet (Solanales, Convolvulaceae)

The first occurrence of three phytophagus mites on Ipomoea cairica, is reported. The species Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), Tetranychus urticae (Koch) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) were caught on leaves of I. cairica, around Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil, in January 20th, 2005.

The contribution of off-season weeds to the supply and conservation of soil nutrients under sweetpotato [&lt;i&gt;Ipomea batatas&lt;/i&gt; (L.)] ridges in Tanzania

No Abstract. UNISWA Research Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology Vol. 8(1) 2005: 16-25

Effects of intercropping pulses with &lt;i&gt;Ipomea batatas&lt;/i&gt; L. on plant mineral concentration and soil chemical properties in Swaziland

No Abstract. UNISWA Research Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology Vol. 8(1) 2005: 26-35

In Vitro CYTOTOXIC ASSAY OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF Brucea javanica L .(Meer), Ipomoea batatas Poir., Mussaenda pubescens Ait.F., AND Portulaca oleracea L. TO HeLa CELLS

Some plants, such as Ipomoea batatas Poir ., Mussaenda pubescens Ait. F., Portulaca oleracea L., Brucea javanica L. (Meer), have been used traditionally to treat cancer, even though the scientific base of this activity has yet been completely investigated. The study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of these plants on HeLa cell lines. The cytotoxicity of chloroform extract from these plants were determined using micro radioactive method by measuring an incorporation (3H)-hipoxanthine on the cells after 24 and 48 hours incubation with each extract, using doxorubicine as a positive control. Extract free cell culture was refered to as 100% growth. IC50 value, showing 50% inhibition of the cell growth, was determined based on the concentration versus percentage inhibition curves. The result showed the extract B. javanica was the most active to hela cells with the IC50 value of 13.69 1.07 and 55.78.4 g/ml after 24 and 48 hours incubation respectively. Key words : Ipomoea batatas Poir ., Mussaenda pubescens Ait. F ., Portulaca oleracea L ., Brucea javanica L. (Meer), Cytotoxic, HeLa cell lines .

Effect of Paddy Straw Mulch on Hydrothermal State, Nutrient Availability, Growth and Tuber Yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Effect of Paddy Straw Mulch on Hydrothermal State, Nutrient Availability, Growth and Tuber Yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Growth, dry-matter partitioning and yiel of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as influenced by soil mechanical impedance and mineral nutrition under different irrigation regimes.

Sweet potato plants were grown under different irrigation regimes ranging from IW/CPE ratio 1.5, 1.2, 0.9, 0.6, 0.3 as well as rainfed control. At lower irrigation level, mechanical resistance of soil restricted tuber bulking as well as significantly reduced tuber yield (r= -0.8712*). Irrigation increased uptake of both N and K compared to rainfed control. While at lower irrigation more soil resistance restricted growth and tuber development, at higher irrigation more labile N as well as K favored more vegetative growth reducing tuber dry matter production and tuber yield. However, the higher uptake of both N and K was observed at IW/CPE ratio 0.9, which also showed highest yield. The significant association of both dry matter production rate (r= 0.9586**) and total biomass (0,9820**) and non-significant association of harvest index (r= 0.6956) with tuber yield suggested more importance of dry-matter production than partitioning of dry matter in determining tuber yield in sweet potato under different moisture regime.