IoT-based Healthcare System Research Articles

An IoT-based Health Care System for Elderly People

An IoT-based Health Care System for Elderly People

I-MAC: In-Body Sensor MAC in Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare IoT

The application of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology in modern healthcare environment has given rise to a new paradigm known as healthcare IoT. The wireless body area network (WBAN) is one of the basic building blocks of IoT-based healthcare system, comprising many wearable (on-body) and implant (in-body) sensors placed in or around patient body connected to a hub for physiological signal monitoring. In in-body sensor-based WBAN, guaranteeing quality-of-service and prolonging network lifetime are major impediments due to the sensor location and limited battery capacity. In this article, we propose a novel energy-efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol for IEEE 802.15.6 standard complaint in-body sensor-based WBAN. Typically, the in-body sensor-based WBAN communication is hub-initiated; however, in case of an emergency event, the in-body sensor node transmits an emergency frame arbitrarily without sensing the channel. This inadvertent in-body sensor-initiated transmission has a very high probability of collision with the ongoing hub-initiated transmission, and/or another in-body sensor-initiated emergency frame transmission. This results in emergency frame retransmission and consequently affects the node's energy consumption and lifetime. To alleviate this issue, we propose a modified superframe structure, in which separate access phases are introduced for the emergency event and regular event. In case of an emergency event, a novel emergency event handling scheme and a ranking and priority assignment protocol is proposed to detect and address the critical event of in-body sensors. To minimize the collision, a scheduled access mechanism is proposed according to the criticality of the node. Performance analysis of the proposed in-body sensor MAC is done in terms of latency and overall power consumption, in case of both emergency and regular events.

Fog-Assisted Content-Centric Healthcare IoT

Remote and automated healthcare monitoring systems aim to detect patient health emergencies and symptoms early enough in order to take timely and effective treatments. The technological advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) have created opportunities for implementing such healthcare monitoring systems where rapid patient data retrieval is vital. However, due to limited computation and storage resources of IoT nodes, the prerequisite for rapid patient data retrieval is to resolve the resource restraint problem. Compared to IoT nodes, fog nodes in fog computing have powerful computing and abundant storage resources that can process, cache and provide data efficiently. Hence, we are motivated to exploit fog computing to overcome resource limitations of IoT nodes, and propose a fog-assisted healthcare IoT system. To achieve rapid patient data retrieval, this system exploits the in-network caching and request aggregation of the content-centric networking to shorten patient data retrieval latency. Finally, the proposed system is quantitatively evaluated. According to the experimental results, our system reduces the patient data retrieval latency by nearly 28.5 percent compared with the IoT-based healthcare system.

A Secure IoT-Based Modern Healthcare System With Fault-Tolerant Decision Making Process

The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) has escalated the information sharing among various smart devices by many folds, irrespective of their geographical locations. Recently, applications like e-healthcare monitoring has attracted wide attention from the research community, where both the security and the effectiveness of the system are greatly imperative. However, to the best of our knowledge none of the existing literature can accomplish both these objectives (e.g., existing systems are not secure against physical attacks). This paper addresses the shortcomings in existing IoT-based healthcare system. We propose an enhanced system by introducing a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF)-based authentication scheme and a data driven fault-tolerant decision-making scheme for designing an IoT-based modern healthcare system. Analyses show that our proposed scheme is more secure and efficient than existing systems. Hence, it will be useful in designing an advanced IoT-based healthcare system.

Secured IoT Based Health Monitoring System

Health Monitoring is the pivotal part of human well being. In Today’s world of automation the field of biomedicine is no longer a distant part. Application of Technology has gained its importance in the field of biomedicine. It has improved the total process of medication. Earlier detection of diseases is possible through continuous monitoring of the patient. Health Monitoring has gained its importance from the past decades. Health monitoring systems are about to revolutionize the life of human by fast detection and real time monitoring of the patients. Continuous Monitoring of the patient is essential for earlier detection of diseases and taking the preventive measures possible. Continuous Monitoring of the patients by doctors is not always possible. To overcome this problem an IoT based continuous monitoring system is proposed in this paper where the data i.e.; the patient parameters are collected from the patient using the sensors and the data that is collected is processed at the processor. The processed data is updated to the cloud. Utilization of IoT innovations has arranged doctors and patients for connecting them to restorative regions in medicinal services environment. In this method the information collected by the wearable devices i.e.; sensors in real time are stored in database which connects doctors and people at the time of an emergency for the right information. Mostly, the health care systems concentrate on integrity and confidentiality of the data. Data Privacy, Data Integrity, Data Freshness, Authentication and Anonymity are the security requirements in IoT based health care systems. Cryptography is used to provide confidentiality to the data. In this paper we propose an Advance Encryption Standard Algorithm (AES) to provide security to the data that is updated into the cloud to finish the required prerequisites.

Emerging Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things Technologies-Foundations of Smart Healthcare.

Future smart healthcare systems—often referred to as Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) – will combine a plethora of wireless devices and applications that use wireless communication technologies to enable the exchange of healthcare data. Smart healthcare requires sufficient bandwidth, reliable and secure communication links, energy-efficient operations, and Quality of Service (QoS) support. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions into healthcare systems can significantly increase intelligence, flexibility, and interoperability. This work provides an extensive survey on emerging IoT communication standards and technologies suitable for smart healthcare applications. A particular emphasis has been given to low-power wireless technologies as a key enabler for energy-efficient IoT-based healthcare systems. Major challenges in privacy and security are also discussed. A particular attention is devoted to crowdsourcing/crowdsensing, envisaged as tools for the rapid collection of massive quantities of medical data. Finally, open research challenges and future perspectives of IoMT are presented.

Leveraging IoT and Fog Computing in Healthcare Systems

Internet of things (IoT) is playing a pivotal role in bringing comfort and ease in human lives by connecting billions of devices across the globe. Innovation and development in IoT have established new ways to analyze patient data in healthcare systems. Currently, IoT and cloud-based solutions are available to process and analyze patient data, but cloud computing causes large end-to-end delay and network usage problems while processing huge amounts of data. Efficiency and security are still a challenge in IoT-based healthcare systems. Fog computing is introduced to overcome the issues of cloud computing by providing computing and storage services at the edge of the network. In this article, first we present a fog based efficient architecture for IoT-based healthcare systems. Then we present the user authentication method through identity management to prevent security breaches. The fog based architecture for healthcare includes the idea of a virtual machine (VM) partitioning in fog node to smoothly run the body sensor network and medical IoT devices data. The Elliptic Curve Cryptography technique is used to generate the output token for the user authentication method.

Iot Based Health Care System for Predicting Cardiac Issues

According to the survey conducted by the WHO (World Health Organization), out of 56.9 million deaths, Ischemic heart disease and Heart stroke account for 15.2 million deaths of the total deaths in 2016. These are regarded, as the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) also known as chronic diseases, tend to affect a person for a long duration. Along with in most of the cases, it is hard to find the disease existence in its primary stage; we can find it only with the symptoms like stroke or heart attack. Due to the lack of these symptoms, healthcare awareness and the financial needs many people are losing their lives. It is a very long process and cost effective. Hence, we are proposing a model, which predicts these symptoms with the implementation of latest technological advances like IoT, machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The proposed methodology takes place in three stages. Primary stage consists of collecting the data through sensors attached to the patient. Secondary stage involves the transfer of data from the microcontroller to the application and converting the data to suitable form. Tertiary stage involves feature extraction of the data and classification of the data using the CNN algorithm. All the stages run dynamically and generate the results based on the data collected. These results are then analyzed to check if the patient has arrhythmias or normal.

IoT Based E-Health Care System for Telemedicine

The Technological and economical advancement needs enhanced healthcare system. Telemedicine healthcare system provides the provision of medical treatment from a remote distance. The telemedicine research and product development has embarked immense growth during the past decade primarily due to tremendous technological advancement in automation. The aim of IoTbased health care system is to ensure and increase the welfare of patients and the quality of life in rural areas. In this paper we present a low cost Health sensor platform and sugar level without blood for rural health monitoring with a well-structured and secure interface between medical experts and Cellular and WLAN for sharing of important medical parameters. In our proposed and implemented model we developed separate interface for medical experts and medical server, Caregiver, Emergency other then physician and introduced a new algorithm for implementation. Features like live video streaming, automatic prescription generation and push notification to allotment are included. The prototype is used for trial under the supervision of medical experts and the data are compared with standard test done in pathological laboratory. The result is satisfactory with good level of acceptance.

Iot based Healthcare System for Coma Patient

Coma is a state of unconsciousness where the patient fails to respond. These patients need utmost care and 24*7 observations. This paper presents a continuous monitoring and recording of patient data without human intervention. If there is any sudden changes occur in the normal range of body parameters such as body temp falls or rise, blood pressure (B. P.) increases or decreases causing high or low B.P. where both are not stable conditions for better health, then it has facility to automatically alert the medical person. The movement sensor detects the patient movement and also generates an alert message to the medical person. As comatose losses their sensation for urination, medical person needs to continuously monitor urine output, thus we are using ultrasonic sensor to check on urine level. Medical person can keep the track of patient using login to the system. The software IoT API we are using isThingSpeak.

Efficient and Compressive IoT based Health Care System for Parkinson’s Disease Patient

There are various diseases arising in the world with new unexpected areas. Each disease has its own symptoms and cures. Some people are capable to fight against these diseases but most of them are a part of the attacks done by the diseases. This paper introduces the Parkinson’s disease patient with the idea to work their body normally with the help of artificial life to their neurons by adding a chip known as Electroencephalography (EEG) into their brains that work in the form of wearable devices. This is required for those people who are suffering from this disease and could not able to communicate with another people just because they cannot able to send their signals properly to the brain because they do not get the signals on time because of dead neurons. This paper is going to introduce architecture to work on the brain by using several chips, which help to send signals and become a mediator/ transmitter who sends to do work.

Taxonomy towards Security using Encryption Algorithms in IOT-Based Healthcare System

As IOT has emerged itself in multiple domains that allow proper communication and connectivity worldwide. Due to that multiple attacks and threats arises, which creates number of solutions towards the same. It also raises some important questions and challenges for the security of systems, devices and networks. Multiple algorithms have been devised earlier for wired, wireless, and M2M communication which are not feasible for IOT devices due to low battery life and short range devices. The author focuses on detail analysis of various algorithms, encryption techniques used for preventing and avoiding security threats in IOT-based healthcare systems.

IOT Based Health Care System

The aim of this paper is to design an IOT based architecture for health related issues such as Diabetics, Heart Monitoring system, to check body temperature, Pulse rate and kidney functioning. we are analyzing different methods and techniques used for healthcare monitoring system where doctor can continuously monitor the patient's condition. The Data obtained through sensors are uploaded to the Ethernet module which is an IOT connected device to cloud and collected data is accessed by Authorized person through internet. Also the patient history will be stored in the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from any corner of the world. If there is any sudden change in the health condition of the person who are using this health care system module, automatically the data of the patient will be uploaded to the concerned doctor, within few minutes user will get a prescription for his current situation. This will connect us with the doctors who are very far from us, and the immediate action will increase the health rate of people. This health care system will be most useful in rural and remote areas.

Self-Monitoring Framework For Patients In Iot-Based Healthcare System

With the recent developments in Internet of Things (IoT) and the increase of smartphone users, patient’s health can be monitored without visiting the hospital for medical services. Nowadays, the cost of healthcare is high and insufficient of workforce in the hospital caused the patient unwilling to visit the hospital. The proposed work is to design a monitoring system using sensor and microcontroller to be used by the patients at their place (eg. home). This paper discusses the designing process of the framework. This system will allow the patient to measure their pulse rate and body temperature by using sensors and data collected from the sensor are integrated by using a microcontroller. These acquired patients data could be viewed in mobile application. In addition, the system will provide features such as consultation or chat facility and medical reminder to further improve the feasibility of patients’ health care system.

Smart-Monitor: Patient Monitoring System for IoT-Based Healthcare System Using Deep Learning

ABSTRACTAutomated physiological signal monitoring to elderly sick patient is not only for fast access of data but also to get reliable service by accurate prediction by healthcare service provider. To address this challenge, this research focuses on novel Internet of Things (IoT) application-based physiological signal monitoring system to advance e-healthcare system. For the realization of the proposed system, Deep Neural Network-based accurate Signal Prediction and estimation algorithm was employed. The proposed system is prototyped as an advanced electronics component by using an intelligent sensor for signal measurement, National Instrument myRIO for smart data acquisition. Smart-Monitor is designed with intelligent sensor as the consumer product. To validate the proposed Smart-Monitor system, four physiological signal prediction accuracies for two users were computed. In prototype experimental set-up, an average accuracy of 97.2% was obtained. This shows that the proposed automated system is reliable and accurate monitoring is possible. From the experimental result, we validate the proposed system can provide reliable assist and accurate signal prediction.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optimal users based secure data transmission on the internet of healthcare things (IoHT) with lightweight block ciphers

The ever-growing advancement in communication innovation of modern smart objects carries with it a new era of improvement for the Internet of Things (IoT) based networks. The health care system is the best approach to store the patient’s health data online with high privacy. Ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of patient information in the cloud is of utmost importance; here, the enhanced security model of healthcare data gives rise to trust. For the secure communication, the healthcare data sensed by the IoT sensor network is encrypted by Lightweight SIMON block cipher. For improving the privacy of healthcare data among individuals, we implemented the share generation model. Then, share creation model, i.e., Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) is developed to generate the copy of every ciphertext based on the selected number of users and the data is shared among the optimal number of users. The selection of the users in IoHT is made by the metaheuristic algorithm called Hybrid Teaching and Learning Based Optimization (HTLBO). Then, we present healthcare service providers for giving the full scope of medical services to people enrolled in IoHT. The performance of Secure Data is approved through simulations in terms of energy cost, computation time, etc., of the proposed algorithms and the outcomes demonstrate that Secure Data can be efficient while applying for ensuring security chances in IoT-based healthcare systems.

Secured Data Collection With Hardware-Based Ciphers for IoT-Based Healthcare

There are tremendous security concerns with patient health monitoring sensors in Internet of Things (IoT). The concerns are also realized by recent sophisticated security and privacy attacks, including data breaching, data integrity, and data collusion. Conventional solutions often offer security to patients’ health monitoring data during the communication. However, they often fail to deal with complicated attacks at the time of data conversion into cipher and after the cipher transmission. In this paper, we first study privacy and security concerns with healthcare data acquisition and then transmission. Then, we propose a secure data collection scheme for IoT-based healthcare system named SecureData with the aim to tackle security concerns similar to the above. SecureData scheme is composed of four layers: 1) IoT network sensors/devices; 2) Fog layers; 3) cloud computing layer; and 4) healthcare provider layer. We mainly contribute to the first three layers. For the first two layers, SecureData includes two techniques: 1) light-weight field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware-based cipher algorithm and 2) secret cipher share algorithm. We study KATAN algorithm and we implement and optimize it on the FPGA hardware platform, while we use the idea of secret cipher sharing technique to protect patients’ data privacy. At the cloud computing layer, we apply a distributed database technique that includes a number of cloud data servers to guarantee patients’ personal data privacy at the cloud computing layer. The performance of SecureData is validated through simulations with FPGA in terms of hardware frequency rate, energy cost, and computation time of all the algorithms and the results show that SecureData can be efficient when applying for protecting security risks in IoT-based healthcare.

Security Requirements of Internet of Things-Based Healthcare System: a Survey Study

Introduction:Internet of Things (IoT), which provides smart services and remote monitoring across healthcare systems according to a set of interconnected networks and devices, is a revolutionary technology in this domain. Due to its nature to sensitive and confidential information of patients, ensuring security is a critical issue in the development of IoT-based healthcare system.Aim:Our purpose was to identify the features and concepts associated with security requirements of IoT in healthcare system.Methods:A survey study on security requirements of IoT in healthcare system was conducted. Four digital databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and IEEE) were searched from 2005 to September 2019. Moreover, we followed international standards and accredited guidelines containing security requirements in cyber space.Results:We identified two main groups of security requirements including cyber security and cyber resiliency. Cyber security requirements are divided into two parts: CIA Triad (three features) and non-CIA (seven features). Six major features for cyber resiliency requirements including reliability, safety, maintainability, survivability, performability and information security (cover CIA triad such as availability, confidentiality and integrity) were identified.Conclusion:Both conventional (cyber security) and novel (cyber resiliency) requirements should be taken into consideration in order to achieve the trustworthiness level in IoT-based healthcare system.

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Smart Body Monitoring system using IoT and Machine Learning

In the modern health care environment, the usage of IoT technologies brings convenience of physicians and patients, since they are applied to various medical areas. The body sensor network (BSN) technology is one of the core technologies of IoT developments in healthcare system, where a patient can be monitored using a collection of tiny-powered and lightweight wireless sensor nodes. However, the development of this new technology in healthcare applications without considering security makes patient privacy vulnerable. In this paper, at first, we highlight the major security requirements in BSN-based modern healthcare system. Subsequently, we propose a secure IoT-based healthcare system using BSN, called BSN-Care, which can efficiently accomplish those requirements. The body sensor network (BSN) technology is one of the most imperative technologies used in IoT-based modern healthcare system. It is basically a collection of low-power and lightweight wireless sensor nodes that are used to monitor the human body functions and surrounding environment. Since BSN nodes are used to collect sensitive (life-critical) information and may operate in hostile environments, accordingly, they require strict security mechanisms to prevent malicious interaction with the system.

Privacy Ensured ${e}$ -Healthcare for Fog-Enhanced IoT Based Applications

The progress in network technology and hardware in conjunction with the Internet-of-Things (IoTs) has provided the comfortability for an easier human life at present. Apart from the so-called “smart” environments, including smart homes, smart city, smart agriculture, IoTs have been included recently in e-healthcare systems as well for real-time diagnosis and medical consultancy. To enhance the capabilities of IoT-based healthcare systems, fog layers have been employed and that have shown its worth by providing fast response time and low latency. However, such development is posing a severe challenge in preserving the privacy of the users which further addresses the security/privacy issues to some extent. Being in an infant stage, such technology has invariably run into fewer privacy controls. Therefore, our present work is about an e-healthcare framework dealing with electronic medical records (EMRs) which preserves the privacy issues. Moreover, we have experimented the proposed work with respect to response time and delay and have compared with recent works. The results show that the proposed work is efficient in providing privacy along with standard network parameters.