Ion Storage Research Articles

2-Acetamidophenol (2-AAP) Suppresses the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Alleviating Hyperlipidemia and Attenuating the Ferroptosis Pathway

Hyperlipidemia and consequent endothelial inflammation, along with foam cell generation, promote the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of 2-acetamidophenol (2-AAP), which was selected by zebrafish phenotypic screening, in alleviating AS by relieving hyperlipidemia and inhibiting foam cell formation, as well as the underlying mechanisms. In a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model, 2-AAP increased lipid-lowering efficacy; alleviated TC, TG, LDL-C, and MDA levels; elevated HDL-C and T-SOD levels; significantly improved intravascular macrophage aggregation; and improved blood flow. In an ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 model, 2-AAP inhibited lipid phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells; reduced the intracellular TC, TG, FC, and CE contents; and decreased the CE/TC ratio, thus slowing foam cell generation. In addition, 2-AAP alleviated intracellular ROS and ferrous ion accumulation in RAW264.7 cells, reduced the MDA content, and increased GPX4 viability. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses and gene expression validation showed 2-AAP treatment upregulates genes related to GSH synthesis and transport, such as gclc, gclm, gss, and gpx4a, and enhanced the expression levels of genes involved in the storage and transportation of iron ions, such as fpn1, fth, and g6pd, indicating that 2-AAP dramatically regulated the ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways. Overall, our study demonstrated that 2-AAP demonstrated potential in AS by alleviating hyperlipidemia and attenuating the ferroptosis pathway and provided evidence supporting the future application of 2-AAP in AS treatment.

Carbon-Encapsulated Bimetallic Fe-W-Based Selenides with Abundant Heterogeneous Conductive Network for Superior Potassium Ion Storage.

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high ion mobility, abundant resources, and low cost. However, the problems of low capacity and poor cycling stability of KIBs remain unsolved; therefore, it is crucial to explore alternative electrode materials suitable for reversible insertion and extraction of K+. Herein, carbon-encapsulated Fe3Se4/WSe2 microsphere material assembled from nanosheets with abundant heterogeneous interfaces and expanded interlayer spacing (denoted as FWSC) is designed as an anode material for superior potassium ion storage. The microspheres assembled from nanosheets, the outer carbon coating, and the expanded layer spacing can expose more active sites and improve the electronic conductivity and structural stability of the material. The abundant heterogeneous conductive network not only improves the conductivity of the material but also enhances the reversibility of the electrochemical reaction. As a result, the FWSC exhibits outstanding cycling stability, excellent rate performance (the capacity retention is 53% when the current density is from 0.5 to 1.0 A g-1), and stable long-term cycle performance (a capacity of 209 mAh g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 over 1000 cycles).

Sodium-Rich, Co-Ni-Free P2-Layered Manganese Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The rapid capacity loss attributed to irreversible phase reactions and structural instability has consistently affected the development of P2-layered cathode materials. Moreover, the introduction of costly elements such as single or multiple dopants has failed to resolve the sustainability challenges in designing an optimal Mn-based layered oxide cathode. This study proposes a Co-Ni-free, poly-elemental doping strategy (Li, Mg, and Cu) combined with high sodium content for an Mn-based P2-layered cathode designed for Na+ ion storage. In situ X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the absence of P2 - O2 phase transitions during cycling for both NLMMC87 (Na0.87Li0.1Mg0.1Mn0.7Cu0.1O2) and NLMMC77 (Na0.77Li0.1Mg0.1Mn0.7Cu0.1O2). This can be attributed to the co-substitution of the electronegative Cu element and the stabilizing dopants Li and Mg, which suppress oxygen evolution. Simultaneously, the high sodium content within the host structure promotes high reversible capacity, enhances structural stability, and minimizes internal stress due to volume changes. Moreover, NLMMC87 demonstrates a reversible capacity of 167.9mA h g-1 at 0.1 C (97% Coulombic efficiency) and maintains excellent stability across various current rates. Further investigations into the practical application of NLMMC87 in a sodium full cell will be a critical step toward realizing an ideal cathode for sodium-ion batteries.

Two-Dimensional ABS4 (A and B = Zr, Hf, and Ti) as Promising Anode for Li and Na-Ion Batteries

Metal ion intercalation into van der Waals gaps of layered materials is vital for large-scale electrochemical energy storage. Transition-metal sulfides, ABS4 (where A and B represent Zr, Hf, and Ti as monolayers as anodes), are examined as lithium and sodium ion storage. Our study reveals that these monolayers offer exceptional performance for ion storage. The low diffusion barriers enable efficient lithium bonding and rapid separation while all ABS4 phases remain semiconducting before lithiation and transition to metallic states, ensuring excellent electrical conductivity. Notably, the monolayers demonstrate impressive ion capacities: 1639, 1202, and 1119 mAh/g for Li-ions, and 1093, 801, and 671 mAh/g for Na-ions in ZrTiS4, HfTiS4, and HfZrS4, respectively. Average voltages are 1.16 V, 0.9 V, and 0.94 V for Li-ions and 1.17 V, 1.02 V, and 0.94 V for Na-ions across these materials. Additionally, low migration energy barriers of 0.231 eV, 0.233 eV, and 0.238 eV for Li and 0.135 eV, 0.136 eV, and 0.147 eV for Na make ABS4 monolayers highly attractive for battery applications. These findings underscore the potential of monolayer ABS4 as a superior electrode material, combining high adsorption energy, low diffusion barriers, low voltage, high specific capacity, and outstanding electrical conductivity.

Investigations of Mechanisms Leading to Capacity Differences in Li/Na/K-Ion Batteries with Conversion-Type Transition-Metal Sulfides Anodes.

Conversion-type transition-metal sulfides (CT-TMSs) have been extensively studied as the anode of Li/Na/K-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity. An issue with the use of the material in the battery is that a large capacity difference is commonly observed. However, the underlying mechanism leading to the problem is still unknown. Here, the large capacity difference mechanisms of CT-TMSs anodes in the Li/Na/K-ion storage are elucidated, which arises from the difference in conversion degree and size of conversion products. Specifically, the increase in ionic radius will cause the increase in insertion-reaction ion diffuse energy barrier and conversion-reaction Gibbs free energies of phase transformation to decrease reaction kinetics, which causes a decrease in conversion degree and an increase in size of conversion products, thus leading to reduction in capacity. The increase in size and the decrease in the amount of conversion products inevitably reduce the amount of spin-polarized electrons injection into Fe and corresponding ions storage amount into sulfides during the ion-electron decoupling storage, thus reducing the capacity. The research clarifies the capacity difference mechanisms of CT-TMSs anodes in Li/Na/K storage, providing valuable insights for designing Li/Na/K storage high-capacity anodes.

Deciphering the multi-electron redox chemistry of metal-sulfide electrode toward advanced aqueous Cu ion storage

While neutral aqueous metal batteries, featuring cost-effectiveness and non-flammability, hold significant potential for large-scale energy storage, their practical application is hampered by the limited specific capacity of cathode materials (less than 500 mAh g−1). Herein, capacity-oriented CoS2 and rate-optimized Co9S8 cathodes are developed based on the aqueous copper ion system. The charge-storage mechanism is systematically investigated through a series of ex-situ tests and density functional theory calculations, focusing on the reversible transitions of Co9S8→Cu7S4→Cu9S5/Cu1.8S and CoS2→Cu7S4→Cu2S, which are associated with the redox reactions of Cu2+/Cu+‖Co2+/Co and Cu2+/Cu+‖S22−/S2−, respectively. The electrochemical results show that CoS2 can exhibit a superior capacity of 619 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 400 cycles, while Co9S8 maintains an outstanding rate performance of 497 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 (the retention rate is 95% compared to 521 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). As a proof of concept, an advanced CoS2//Zn hybrid aqueous battery demonstrates a working voltage of 1.20 V and a specific energy of 663 Wh kgcathode−1. This work provides an alternative direction for developing sulfide cathodes in energetic aqueous metal batteries.

External ligand-free nickel-catalyzed synthesis of polypyrazines towards stable, high-capacity and low-potential sodium ion storage

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been regarded as a promising alternative to lithium-ion battery owing to low cost and good sustainability, but its competitiveness in energy storage is still limited largely by the development of suitable electrode materials. Traditional inorganic anode materials for SIBs face the problems of sluggish electrochemical kinetics and large volume strain due to the insertion/extraction of large size Na+. By comparison, organic anodes have the advantages of abundance resources, renewability, and designability, but suffer from the lack of stable electrode materials with both high specific capacity and low redox potential. Here, a class of pyrazine rings-rich organic polymers (polypyrazines) were designed and synthesized through external ligand-free nickel-catalyzed carbon–carbon coupling reactions. Among them, poly(2,6-pyrazine) shows the lowest synthetic cost, the highest porosity and the best conductivity. Consequently, as the anode of SIBs, poly(2,6-pyrazine) delivers a low redox potential (about 1 V, vs Na+/Na), high-specific-capacity (617.2 mA h/g at 0.1 A/g), excellent rate-capability (300 mA h/g at 10 A/g) and long-term cycling stability (81 % after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A/g). The low preparation cost and outstanding electrochemical performance of poly(2,6-pyrazine) make it a promising anode candidate for further boosting the energy density of SIBs.

Coupled electrostatic induction strategy toward polyaniline-derived hard carbon with uniformly microporous boosts high-rate sodium storage

Constructing a uniform and controllable hard carbon anode with suitable micropores can effectively improve the overall sodium storage performance. Herein, an electrostatic induction strategy was used to change the structure of micelles by adding surfactant content to form polyaniline (PANI) with different morphologies. The presented synthesis method is characterized by the introduction of oppositely charged surfactants to induce rapid nucleation and the formation of foams with small pore sizes, which are then transformed into homogeneous microcellular pores by high-temperature carbonization. Thus, the microporous structures in hard carbon anode provide excellent electrochemical storage sites for sodium ion storage. As a consequence, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) electrostatic induced PANI-derived hard carbon (SD-HC) showed a uniform pore structure with low surface area (14.54 m2 g−1) and uniform micropores (1.54 nm), which used as an anode material for sodium storage can provided high reversible capacity of 282.4 mAh g−1 at 50 mA/g, excellent rate performance (196 mAh g−1 at 5 A/g) and cycling stability (93.3 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A/g). This simple and efficient synthesis strategy provides an effective guide for the design of nanostructures for the preparation of similar functional polymeric materials.

Exploring the Synergistic Potential: A Comprehensive Review of MXene-Based Composite Electrocatalysts

MXenes, a prominent category of 2D materials consisting of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have garnered significant interest since the introduction of Ti3C2Tx. This fascination arises from their exceptional attributes like their high special surface area, superb electrical conductivity, and remarkable mechanical strength. These qualities have established MXenes as top materials for electrocatalysis, a critical component of clean energy conversion technologies. Crucially, MXenes serve as the foundation for the next generation of electrocatalysts, aiming at high activity, selectivity, and sustainability.In electrocatalysis, MXene composites enhance the performance of various reactions, such as water splitting and fuel cell operations. When combined with metals, metal oxides, or other conductive materials, MXenes exhibit improved electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. These composites can achieve higher efficiency and selectivity in electrochemical reactions, making them suitable for sustainable energy applications. MXene composites also play an significant role in the development of supercapacitors, which are energy storage devices characterized by rapid charge and discharge capabilities. The high special surface area and excellent conductivity of MXenes increase charge storage and improve energy and power density. When MXene composites are mixed with materials such as polymers or other nanomaterials, they can further optimize these properties, leading to increased performance and longevity. Also in battery technology, MXene composites are used to improve the performance of anodes and cathodes. Their high capacity for ion storage and conduction contributes to higher energy density and faster charge/discharge rates. By combining MXenes with other materials, researchers are able to create advanced battery systems that overcome traditional limitations, resulting in batteries that are more efficient, durable, and capable of delivering higher performance. In this study MXene–Carbon composites, MXene-LDH composites, MXene-Polymer composites, MXene-MOF composites are reviewed and discussed. The versatility of MXenes is further enhanced when they are composited with various other materials. Such compositions allow for tailoring their innate properties, enabling a widespread range of applications. In terms of environmental implications, MXenes and their composites boast excellent reducibility, conductivity, and biocompatibility, making them very appropriate for use in environmental clean-up and protection applications.

Design and synthesis of FeS2/graphite sandwich structure with enhanced lithium-storage performance for lithium-ion and solid-state lithium batteries

As a conversion-type cathode material, FeS2 emerges as a promising candidate for the next generation of energy storage solutions, attributed to its cost-effectiveness, environment-friendliness and high theoretical capacity. However, several challenges hinder its practical application, including sluggish kinetics, insulating reaction products and significant volume fluctuation during cycling, which collectively compromise its rate capability and cycle stability. Herein, a well-designed sandwich structure of FeS2 embedded between graphite layers (FeS2/C) is obtained using a chloride intercalation and sulfidation strategy. The layered graphite-FeS2-graphite configuration boosts the active sites and adsorption capacity of Li+, thereby guaranteeing a high reversible capacity. Furthermore, the graphitic carbon matrix serves a dual purpose: it enhances electronic conductivity and restrain the volume fluctuation of FeS2 during long cycling. This combination ensures robust electrochemical kinetics, structural integrity and long life. Consequently, the FeS2/C composites exhibit exceptional lithium storage performance, achieving capacities of 506.2 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A/g and 277.2 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A/g. Additionally, the FeS2/C composites show promising potential as cathodes for all solid-state lithium batteries, showcasing high specific capacities of 658.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A/g for the second cycle and maintaining a cycle performance of 288.5 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 0.5 A/g. These values surpass the second discharge specific capacity of 96.1 mAh g−1 and cycle capacity of 25.3 mAh g−1 observed for Fe2O3/C composites. The discharge mechanism of FeS2/C composites was further characterized through in-situ transmission electron microscope test. This work provides valuable insights for designing and synthesizing FeS2, highlighting its potential for lithium ion storage and all solid-state lithium batteries.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Environmental Toxicology: Mechanisms, Impacts, and Health Implications.

Mitochondria, pivotal to cellular metabolism, serve as the primary sources of biological energy and are key regulators of intracellular calcium ion storage, crucial for maintaining cellular calcium homeostasis. Dysfunction in these organelles impairs ATP synthesis, diminishing cellular functionality. Emerging evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology and progression of diverse diseases. Environmental factors that induce mitochondrial dysregulation raise significant public health concerns, necessitating a nuanced comprehension and classification of mitochondrial-related hazards. This review systematically adopts a toxicological perspective to illuminate the biological functions of mitochondria, offering a comprehensive exploration of how toxicants instigate mitochondrial dysfunction. It delves into the disruption of energy metabolism, the initiation of mitochondrial fragility and autophagy, and the induction of mutations in mitochondrial DNA by mutagens. The overarching objective is to enhance our understanding of the repercussions of mitochondrial damage on human health.

In situ synthesis and structural morphology analysis of 3D porous hierarchical V2O5 films for transmissive-to-black all-solid-state electrochromic devices

3D, porous, low-dimensional, and nanostructured V2O5 films have significant potential for application in ECDs, but their development is still in its nascency. This paper reports a facile strategy of using PEG as a structure-directing agent and short-time heat treatments to obtain 3D, porous, and hierarchical V2O5 films comprising interpenetrating stacked ultra-long nanowire surfaces and nanorod/nanosheet mixed interiors deposited on ITO-glass substrates. The mechanism of morphological transformation was studied in detail, and the analysis shows that the formation of such special structured films is a synergetic result of the guided intercalation of PEG, atomic rearrangement, Ostwald ripening, anisotropy of crystal growth, and orientation attachment mechanism. Among them, the preferred PEG addition amount of 25 % for the 350-3-V2O5 film was applied in two types of all-solid-state ECDs: one using a gel quasi-solid electrolyte and the other using a solid-film electrolyte. The 350-3-V2O5 film served as an ion storage coating and WO3 was the electrochromic layer. These devices achieved ideal reversible switching of transmissive-to-black electrochromic characteristics. Notably, the ‘Integrated-Type’ ECD, composed of inorganic all-solid-state films, has a large optical modulation range ΔT = 72.0 %, rapid switching responses (colouration 25.4 s and bleaching 20.8 s), and sustained electrochromic performance.

K-Mn3O4-NCs@PANI nanochains for high-rate and stable aqueous zinc-ion batteries: A doping and morphology-tailored synthesis strategy

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising energy storage solutions due to their high energy density and safety. However, developing cathode materials that offer both high energy density and durability for Zn2+ ions storage remains challenging. Manganese (Mn) oxide-based cathodes have been developed for AZIBs due to their high discharge voltage and desirable capacity, but face challenges like poor conductivity, slow reaction kinetics, and dissolution during cycling. Doping, morphology/structure design, and protective layers are effective for enhancing the structure, conductivity, and electronic properties of Mn-based oxides. A synthetic strategy combining these methods for Mn3O4 cathodes is proposed for AZIBs. K+ ions doping in Mn3O4 (K-Mn3O4) can regulate local electronic structure, induce oxygen vacancies, improve conductivity, and provide more active sites for Zn2+ ions diffusion. Additionally, K-Mn3O4 nanochain (K-Mn3O4-NCs), with a unique chain-like nanostructure (NCs) and high aspect ratio, synthesized via Mn2+ ions chelation with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and calcination, show reduced interparticle contact resistance, shorter Zn2+ ions diffusion length, and faster reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, the in-situ polymerized polyaniline (PANI) layer on K-Mn3O4-NCs shields against corrosion (K-Mn3O4-NCs@PANI), connects 1D K-Mn3O4-NCs into a continuous conductive network, suppresses volume expansion, and improves stability. Electrochemical analysis shows that K-Mn3O4-NCs@PANI exhibits higher stability and faster reaction kinetics due to a reduced bandgap, increased oxygen defects, and less coulombic repulsion between Zn2+ ions and Mn oxide hosts. The K-Mn3O4-NCs@PANI cathode achieved a high capacity of 510mAh/g at 0.1 A/g and excellent rate capacity of 203.2mAh/g at 5 A/g. After 20,000 cycles, it maintained a capacity of 90.3mAh/g at 5 A/g, showing exceptional long-term stability with a minimal decay rate of 0.026 ‰ per cycle.

Unveiling BaTiO3-SrTiO3 as Anodes for Highly Efficient and Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Amidst the swift expansion of the electric vehicle industry, the imperative for alternative battery technologies that balance economic feasibility with sustainability has reached unprecedented importance. Herein, we utilized Perovskite-based oxide compounds barium titanate (BaTiO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries from straightforward and standard carbonate-based electrolyte with 10% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive [1M LiPF6 (1:1 EC: DEC) + 10% FEC]. SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 electrodes can deliver a high specific capacity of 80 mA h g-1 at a safe and low average working potential of ≈0.6 V vs. Li/Li+ with excellent high-rate performance with specific capacity of ~90 mA h g-1 at low current density of 20 mA g-1 and specific capacity of ~80 mA h g-1 for over 500 cycles at high current density of 100 mA g-1. Our findings pave the way for the direct utilization of perovskite-type materials as anode materials in Li-ion batteries due to their promising potential for Li+ ion storage. This investigation addresses the escalating market demands in a sustainable manner and opens avenues for the investigation of diverse perovskite oxides as advanced anodes for next-generation metal-ion batteries.

Battery-Type Desalination Behavior Confined Within Capsules for Efficient Capacitive Deionization.

Battery-type faradaic materials are considered a class of promising electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) due to their superior ability to store ions through redox reactions. However, the desalination potential of such electrode materials has not been fully explored subject to the accessibility, conductivity, stability, etc. Herein, embedded battery material Ag nanoparticles is designed in capsule-structural units composed of graphene and constructed freestanding composite electrodes for CDI. Particularly, these Ag nanoparticles confined in interconnected graphene capsules can be both efficiently accessed by the electrolyte and rationally protected by the capsule networks, significantly unlocking their potential as desalination materials. Impressively, the optimized Ag-involved anodes can achieve an ultrahigh NaCl desalination capacity of ≈360 mg g-1 (≈218 mg g-1 for Cl-) at 1.4 V and exhibit good cycling stability. Moreover, the as-designed anodes also have very competitive desalination capacities for other anions, such as SO2- 4 (≈90 mg g-1) and CrO2- 4 (≈77 mg g-1), suggesting the broad applicability of such Ag-involved electrodes. This work shows that the ingenious introduction of space-confined structures is an effective means of unlocking the desalination potential of Ag-based materials, opening up alternative avenues for the development of other high-performance battery-type desalination electrodes.

Realizing Dual-Mode Zinc-Ion Storage of Generic Vanadium-Based Cathodes via Organic Molecule Intercalation.

Intercalation engineering is a promising strategy to promote zinc-ion storage of layered cathodes; however, is impeded by the complex fabrication routes and inert electrochemical behaviors of intercalators. Herein, an organic imidazole intercalation strategy is proposed, where V2O5 and NH4V3O8 (NVO) model materials are adopted to verify the feasibility of the imidazole intercalator in improving the zinc storage capabilities of vanadium-based cathodes. The intercalated imidazole molecules could not only expand interlayer spacing and strengthen structural stability by serving as extra "pillars" but also provide extra coordination sites for zinc storage via the coordination reaction between Zn2+ and the C═N group. This gives rise to a dual-mode ion storage mechanism and favorable electrochemical performances. As a result, imidazole-intercalated V2O5 delivers a capacity of 179.9 mAh g-1 after 5000 cycles at 20 A g-1, while the imidazole-intercalated NVO harvests a high capacity output of 170.2 mAh g-1 after 700 cycles at 2 A g-1. This work is anticipated to boost the application potentials of vanadium-based cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

The Development and Prospect of Stable Polyanion Compound Cathodes in LIBs and Promising Complementers.

Cathode materials are usually the key to determining battery capacity, suitable cathode materials are an important prerequisite to meet the needs of large-scale energy storage systems in the future. Polyanionic compounds have significant advantages in metal ion storage, such as high operating voltage, excellent structural stability, safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness, and can be excellent cathode options for rechargeable metal-ion batteries. Although some polyanionic compounds have been commercialized, there are still some shortcomings in electronic conductivity, reversible specific capacity, and rate performance, which obviously limits the development of polyanionic compound cathodes in large-scale energy storage systems. Up to now, many strategies including structural design, ion doping, surface coating, and electrolyte optimization have been explored to improve the above defects. Based on the above contents, this paper briefly reviews the research progress and optimization strategies of typical polyanionic compound cathodes in the fields of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and other promising metal ion batteries (sodium ion batteries (SIBs), potassium ion batteries (PIBs), magnesium ion batteries (MIBs), calcium ion batteries (CIBs), zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), aluminum ion batteries (AIBs), etc.), aiming to provide a valuable reference for accelerating the commercial application of polyanionic compound cathodes in rechargeable battery systems.

Combination Displacement/Intercalation Reaction of Ag0.11V2O5 Cathode Realizes Efficient Manganese Ion Storage Properties.

Aqueous manganese-ion batteries (AMIBs) are becoming more noticeable because of their excellent theoretical capacity, outstanding safety profile, and cost-effectiveness. However, there aren't many studies on cathode materials appropriate for AMIBs, and the manganese-ion storage mechanisms within these materials have not been thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of existing cathode materials remains suboptimal. Here, Ag0.11V2O5 is designed and synthesized as the cathode material and introduces the combination displacement/intercalation reaction mechanism to the manganese ion storage for the first time. Ag0.11V2O5 demonstrates a capacity retention of 90.3% after 1200 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹ and achieves a high rate performance of 100.01 mAh g⁻¹ at 20 A g⁻¹. This impressive electrochemical performance is attributed to the reaction, which provides more Mn2+ storage sites and generates highly conductive Ag within the electrode. This study presents a novel approach to achieving high-capacity AMIBs.

Facilitating Ion Storage and Transport Pathways by In Situ Constructing 1D Carbon Nanotube Electric Bridges between 2D MXene Interlayers.

Multiple van der Waals (vdW) gaps invoke abundant opportunities for contriving artificial architectures and tailoring desired properties via the intercalation route beyond the reach of conventional concepts. Intriguingly, the electrochemical intercalation strategy can precisely and reversibly tune the intercalation stage of charged functional species. This study presents a valid structural editing protocol facilitated by electrochemical intercalation to engineer MXene interlayers, ultimately incorporating in situ constructed carbon nanotube (CNT) electric bridges for enhanced ion storage and transport pathways. The method allows for the precise modulation of electrochemical forces to tailor materials for specific applications. Deep intercalation and in situ growth processes establish robust anchoring sites and connectivity hubs between MXenes and CNTs, ensuring structural homogeneity and stability in advanced electrode materials. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of electrochemistry-mediated interlayer nanoengineering in MXenes, offering a versatile approach to design vdW heterostructures with tailored functionalities for energy storage and conversion applications. This work highlights the potential of electrochemical modulation in advancing materials engineering strategies for next-generation energy storage technologies.

N, S-Codoped 3D Carbon Protected Nanoporous MnS With Record High Sodium Ion Storage Performance for Potential Industry Applications.

With a high theoretical capacity, the MnS anode, however, exhibits a rather complex sodium diffusion kinetics and poor mechanical stability that hinder its application in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, a simple, economical, and scalable strategy is developed to inherently coat nanoporous MnS with a 3D N, S co-doped thin carbon layer by using commercially available MnCO3 as precursors. Specifically, the strategy involves a two-step annealing process, which converts the MnCO3 microparticles into nanoporous Mn2O3 and MnS step by step. The 3D N, S codoped carbon layer is in situ formed during the second annealing process by first coating the nanoporous Mn2O3 with a polyaniline layer. Due to the inherent 3D carbon protection and the strong electronic interaction between N, S dopants and MnS, the N, S codoped carbon protected MnS obtained at 900 °C (NS-C@MnS-900) anode displays a high specific capacity of 845mAhg-1 at 0.1Ag-1, which is higher than all reported MnS-based SIB anodes. It also shows an outstanding cyclability and rate performance, maintaining a stable capacity of ≈493mAhg-1 after 1300 cycles at 10Ag-1, which is also the best according to knowledge. These exceptional electrochemical performances and the scalable/simple/low-cost synthesis make the NS-C@MnS-900 attractive for industry application.