Dopant Ions Research Articles

Investigation of red-emitting CaMoO4: Eu3+ phosphor by partitioning of substitutional PO4 3- ions via solid-state reaction method.

To investigate the impact of PO4 3- anionic groups, the trivalent europium ion-doped calcium molybdate (CaMoO3-PO4:xEu3+, where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5mol%) phosphors were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. The detailed study of the phosphor materials was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The XRD results indicate that the substitution of PO4 3- anion and Eu3+ dopant ion did not affect the crystal structures of the CaMoO4 phosphors. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption analysis revealed the change of absorption edge of both un-doped and Eu3+-doped CaMoO4-PO4 phosphors. Under the 394 nm UV-excitation, the recorded PL spectra showed an intense peak at 615 nm corresponding to the Eu3+: 5D0 → 7F2 transition. The results of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) diagram reported that the color of the emissions lies in the red color zone and there is no change in the CIE coordinates of the overall emission for Eu3+-doped CaMoO4-PO4 as Eu concentration changes. Thus, these observations led to finding the best red components for white light-emitting diode applications.

Phase compatible surface engineering to boost the cycling stability of single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode for high energy density lithium-ion batteries

Nickel-rich layered oxide is a promising cathode material for the next generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high energy density and cost efficiency. Unfortunately, it suffers from unsatisfying electrochemical performance owing to intrinsic interfacial and structural instability, which limits its application at scale. In this work, a phase compatible TiBO3 coating layer on single crystalline LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (TBO-SC-NCM) is constructed via modified solid-state chemical reaction. The coating layer serves as a protective screen to mitigate the erosion of organic electrolyte towards TBO-SC-NCM. Furthermore, both titanium ions and boron ions successfully diffuse into the TBO-SC-NCM bulk phase during the annealing process, with titanium ions being uniformly distributed while boron ions accumulating close to the surface. The formation of strong Ti-O bond effectively inhibits the bulk phase structure degradation of TBO-SC-NCM. The near-surface enriched B-O bond greatly stabilizes the surface lattice oxygen at the deeply delithiated state. Additionally, the spread of layer spacing due to the doping of heterogeneous ions ensures the rapid diffusion of Li+, thus improving the rate performance of TBO-SC-NCM. As a h cathode materials.

Europium (III)-modified sunflower-derived carbon dots for fluorescent anti-counterfeiting inks and photocatalysis.

A highly water-soluble and fluorescent N,S-doped carbon dots/europium (N,S-CDs/Eu) was successfully synthesized via a secondary hydrothermal method. This involved surface modification of N,S-CDs derived from sunflower stem pith (SSP) with europium ions (Eu3+) doping. When excited within the range of 400-470 nm, N,S-CDs/Eu exhibited a stable and broad optimal emission wavelength ranging from 505 to 540 nm. Notably, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of N,S-CDs/Eu is 31.4%, significantly higher than the 19.5% observed for N,S-CDs. Additionally, by dissolving N,S-CDs/Eu into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a uniform fluorescent anti-counterfeiting ink can be prepared. The N,S-CDs/Eu/TiO2 composite demonstrates excellent photocatalytic degradation ability towards the organic dye methylene blue (MB). N,S-CDs/Eu has potential in the field of fluorescent inks and photocatalysis due to its simple and efficient preparation and excellent properties.

An in-depth comparison of dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, energy storage, electrocaloric, and piezocatalytic properties of Ba0.92Ca0.08Zr0.09Ti0.91O3 and Ba0.92Ca0.08Sn0.09Ti0.91O3 piezoceramics

The futuristic technology demands materials exhibiting multifunctional properties. Keeping this in mind, an in-depth investigation and comparison of the dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, energy storage, electrocaloric, and piezocatalytic properties have been carried out on Ba0.92Ca0.08Zr0.09Ti0.91O3 (BCZT) and Ba0.92Ca0.08Sn0.09Ti0.91O3 (BCST) lead-free compounds synthesized through the conventional solid state reaction method. Further, the Rietveld refinement against the XRD patterns affirmed the coexistence of orthorhombic (Amm2) and tetragonal (P4mm) phases at room temperature for both compounds. While BCZT compound demonstrated remarkable dielectric, piezoelectric, and piezocatalytic characteristics with maximum dielectric constant () ≈ 13304 near the Curie temperature ( ≈ 105 °C), converse piezoelectric coefficient ≈ 609 pm V-1 , power density () ≈ 89.71 KW cm-3 at room temperature, and 82.7 % Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation capability; on the other hand, BCST compound exceled in superior energy storage density () ≈ 191.8 mJ cm-3 with efficiency η ≈ 73.26% near room temperature and enhanced electrocaloric properties with adiabatic temperature change ≈ 0.980 K, isothermal entropy change ≈ 1.15 J Kg-1K-1 and a higher electrocaloric responsivity ) ≈ 0.49 K mm kV-1. These distinctions arise from the difference in ionic radii, lattice distortion, and the electronic configurations of the dopant ions, leading to a greater polarization change and a lower coercive electric field in the BCST ceramic. The outcome of the present study provides valuable insights for selecting a dopant tailored compound for specific application and underscores the potential of such ceramics in energy storage, piezocatalysis, and the development of advanced solid-state cooling devices for future applications.

Microstructural and electrical properties of La0.9B0.1AlO3 (B=Pr, Nd, Sm) ceramics obtained by rare-earth ion doping

This study used the solid-phase method to prepare thermosensitive perovskite ceramics, La0.9B0.1AlO3 (B = Pr, Nd, Sm). The XRD and EDS results indicated that all components presented a single phase and all elements were uniformly distributed, formed a good solid solution. The SEM results clearly illustrated that the doped elements had enhanced the surface morphology, resulting in more uniform grain formation. The TEM results showed that linear defects were present, which led to an uneven stress distribution; consequently, this enhanced the carrier transport. The alternating current (AC) impedance showed that the grain boundary resistance determined the overall complex impedance and exhibited a different conductive mechanism with increasing temperature, from polariton to ion conduction. With the introduction of Nd3+, the conductivity of La0.9Nd0.1AlO3 increased and its temperature range increased from 600 – 1400 °C to 100–1500 °C. In La0.9Sm0.1AlO3, the presence of Sm2+ enhances the aging stability by elevating the oxygen vacancy concentration and the aging drift rate (ΔR/R0) was found to be lower than 2 %. In addition, DFT-based calculations were performed to investigate the property changes in the crystal structure and energy band structure of pure and doped LaAlO3. This study demonstrated an effective way to improve the performance of high-temperature thermistor materials using different doping strategies.

Surface-doped perovskite electrolyte for low-temperature ceramic electrochemical cells

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) can be employed for power generation and sustainable hydrogen production. Lowering the PCEC operating temperature to >500 °C can facilitate its scale-up and commercialization. However, achieving high energy efficiency and long-term durability at low operating temperatures is a long-standing challenge. Here, we report a simple and scalable approach for fabricating metal ion doping into perovskite (Li-doped SrTiO3 (STO)) using the sol-gel approach and presented as a proton conducting electrolyte with lower ohmic and polarization resistance for low-temperature ceramic fuel cells. The prepared electrolyte with symmetrical electrodes attains high power densities in fuel-cell mode (∼0.65 W cm−2 at 520 °C and ∼0.20 W cm−2 at 420 °C) and exceptional current densities in steam electrolysis mode (−0.94 A cm−2 at 1.4 V and 520 °C). Additionally, five-layer devices (Ni-NCAL/BCZYYb/Li-STO/BCZYYb/NCAL-Ni) demonstrate the proton fuel cell performance of 0.55 W cm−2 at 520 °C.

Upconversion luminescence of pyrochlore structured (A2B2O7) phosphors

The pyrochlore-structured (A2B2O7) compounds have emerged as a focal point in contemporary research and materials science, captivating attention for their intriguing properties such as photoluminescence, superconductivity, ionic mobility, and potential applications in high-temperature barrier coatings. Their potential application in up- or down-conversion photoluminescence further positions them for integration into a myriad of optoelectronic and sensing devices. Building on extensive prior research, this review delves into the upconversion (UC) luminescence properties of numerous pyrochlore-structured host materials (titanates, zirconates, hafnates, and ytterbium pyrochlores), specifically those doped with rare earth ions. While these materials may share similar chemical and structural characteristics, their luminescent capabilities exhibit significant variation upon rare earth ion doping. The phase transitions of various pyrochlore-structured compounds with respect to cation ratio, the relationship between crystal structure, doping concentrations, and UC luminescent properties in pyrochlore-structured compounds are summarized in detail. Through controlled doping strategies and structural adjustments, researchers have been able to tailor the luminescence properties of pyrochlore structured compounds to meet specific application requirements. The intricate exploration of the UC luminescence properties of pyrochlore-structured compounds, especially when doped with rare earth ions, showcases the rich potential for these materials in a wide array of applications across various fields, from advanced sensing technologies to innovative optoelectronic devices, paving the way for exciting advancements in materials science and beyond.

Co and F co-doping to augmenting the electrochemical performance of P2-type sodium lithium manganese oxide for sodium ion battery

P2-type sodium lithium manganese oxide is recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, its practical application has been hindered by poor cycling performance and limited rate capacity. In this study, we successfully co-doped cobalt (Co) and fluorine (F) into P2-type sodium lithium manganese oxide, resulting in the enhanced material CoF-NLM, which significantly improves its electrochemical performance. The CoF-NLM material exhibits several advantageous characteristics: (i) a notable increase in lattice constant and lattice cell volume, which facilitates the intercalation and deintercalation of sodium ions within its bulk structure; (ii) an enhanced surface morphology that promotes better contact between the electrode and the electrolyte; and (iii) an increased Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio, which enhances the number of active transition metal centers available for electrochemical reactions. As a result, the CoF-NLM sample demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance, boasting a specific capacity of 135.51 mAh/g at a current density of 8 mA g−1 and maintaining an impressive 92.69 % capacity retention after 100 cycles. This study conclusively demonstrates that ion doping is a highly effective strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of cathode electrode materials in SIBs; paving the way for the development of high-energy, high-power SIBs that can meet the demands of next-generation energy storage applications.

Efficient broadband near-infrared emission based on copper-alloyed metal halides

Recently, metal halides have shown broad application prospects due to excellent electronic and optical properties. Although significant developments have been realized, the spectra range of their photoluminescence (PL) emission is mainly limited to the visible region. Near-infrared (NIR) emitting materials are widely used in the fields of night vision, biomedical imaging, non-destructive food inspection, etc. On this occasion, extending the luminescence scope of metal halides to NIR region is of great significance. Generally, NIR-emitted metal halides are realized through rare earth (RE) ions doping. However, RE luminescence usually have narrow-band characteristics, which makes it difficult to realize broadband NIR emission. In this study, we present an efficient broadband NIR-emitted metal halide CsAgBr2 through copper ions alloying, its emission locates at 830 nm with a large FWHM (full width at half maximum) of 332 nm. Theoretical calculations suggest that the incorporation of Cu+ could effectively modulate the density of states and enhance the localized characterization, which is beneficial to boost the PL efficiency. Furthermore, this material displays favorable structure stability under ambient conditions. This study demonstrates the great application potential of Cu+-alloyed CsAgBr2 in the field of NIR optical electronics.

Enhanced multiferroic properties of Co-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles via structural changes

The present study demonstrates a rhombohedral-to-orthorhombic phase transition of BiFe1-XCoXO3 (BFCXO, x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) nanoparticles induced by Co ion doping. With increasing concentration of Co dopant, XRD, Raman and IR patterns exhibit lattice shrinkage and increased lattice strain; SEM and TEM images reveal a corresponding reduction in grain size; XPS spectra indicate that the Fe2+ ions are readily oxidized by Co3+ to Fe3+ ions because to the greater oxidation–reduction potential of Fe3+/Fe2+ (1.3 eV) than that of Co3+/Co2+ (0.55 eV). Effective regulation of crystal structure and microstructure significantly alters the multiferroic properties of BFCXO samples. The Co-doped samples gradually transition from antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism. Among them, BFC0.03O reaches its maximum values at Ms ~ 0.956 emu/g for magnetization saturation and Mr ~ 0.054 emu/g for remanent magnetization. Meanwhile, BFC0.03O exhibits better ferroelectric properties compared to its pure counterpart. This study presents an effective approach for controlling the structure and characteristics of BFO-based nanomaterials for multifunctional device applications.

Exploring inorganic phosphors: basics, types, fabrications and their luminescence properties for LED/WLED/displays

Abstract The utilization of phosphors in lighting and display applications has garnered significant attention due to their unique luminescent properties and versatile crystal structures. This review article comprehensively examines recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nitride and sulfide phosphors. This article addresses various phosphor crystal structures, including perovskite, garnet, nitride sulfide, fabrications strategies, and their impact on the optical and electronic properties. Furthermore, the review highlights the role of doping and activator ions in tailoring the emission characteristics of nitride and sulfide phosphors, enabling precise control over color rendering and efficiency. Additionally, the article also discusses emerging trends in phosphor technology, such as the development of novel synthesis methods and the integration of phosphors into next-generation lighting and display devices. The basic properties of phosphor materials like CRI, CIE chromaticity coordinates, quantum efficiencies are well discussed. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into the current state of research and future directions in the field of phosphors offering potential avenues for further advancements in lighting and display technologies.

Tailoring structural and optical properties of Ti1-xMxO2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial activity: a sol-gel synthesis study

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles possess intriguing properties and have been extensively utilized in medical applications due to their exceptional antimicrobial characteristics. The antimicrobial efficacy can be heightened by altering the structural morphology, size, and optical properties through the introduction of transition metal ions (M: Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) with a concentration of x = 0.02 into TiO2, thereby producing Ti1 -xMxO2 powder via the sol-gel method at a sintering temperature ranging from 500 °C to 600 °C. The morphological characteristics of Ti1 - xMxO2 were analyzed using FT-IR, UV-DRS, XRD, TGA, BET, and SEM-EDAX techniques. Substituting M-doped TiO2 at a sintering temperature of 500 °C results in all doping ions yielding the Ti1 -xMxO2 anatase phase. Conversely, at 600 °C, the doping ions M: Cu, Co, Zn exhibit a tendency to substitute the TiO2 structure, destabilizing the anatase phase and leading to the formation of an anatase-rutile dual phase with larger crystal size. At elevated temperatures, ions with larger radii than Ti (0.61), namely Cu (0.73), Co (0.75), and Zn (0.74), tend to be substituted, thereby altering the structure of TiO2. The antimicrobial efficacy, evaluated based on the inhibition zone, demonstrates that Ti1 -xMxO2 effectively inhibits the cellular activity of Salmonella typhimurium (Gram -) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +) bacteria compared to TiO2.

Influence of metal ion doping for the electrochemical performance of NiCo layered double hydroxide nanostructures

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is considered to be a potential energy storage material due to its high theoretical specific capacitance and microstructure. However, poor conductivity restricts their application and development in energy storage devices. Considering metal cations doping as an effective way to improve conductivity of semiconductors, metal cations doping can also be used to improve the conductivity of LDH. In the study, metal ions with different valence states are selected and doped into the NiCo LDH nanostructures. Indeed, metal cations doping can improve the conductivity of NiCo LDH, which can be confirmed by the results of EIS analysis. But the corresponding changes in electrode capacity are different. Compared with the Ag+ and Zn2+, Al3+ ion doped in NiCo LDH can achieve significant improvement of capacity. The capacity can reach 2130 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g when the doping concentration of Al3+ is 0.02, which has 48 % improvement compared to the original NiCo LDH (1435 F/g). The improvement of conductivity dose not determine the increase of capacity, the type and valence states of elements are also key factors affecting material capacity. Therefore, this study provides an idea for the subsequent doping of metal cations in LDH materials.

Electrochemical properties of tungsten doped LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 lithium-ion battery cathode materials

High-nickel layered cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries have received widespread attention in new energy vehicles for their excellent specific energy and cost advantages, and are considered to be the most promising cathode materials for high-energy density lithium-ion batteries. Despite its many advantages, poor thermal stability and rapid capacity degradation have greatly limited its large-scale application. Ion doping is considered to be an effective way to improve its drawbacks, and in this paper, a series of W-doped LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 cathode materials were prepared using WO3 as a tungsten source. Among them, 1 mol% W doping was the most effective, and its reversible capacity of 204.44 mA g −1 still had 93.25 % capacity retention after 100 this cycles at 1C. Combined with DFT calculations, it is found that the introduction of W does not change the original layered structure and the material transitions from semi-metallic to metallic at lower doping concentrations, resulting in more electrons occupying the Fermi energy levels to enhance its electrical conductivity and leading to an elevated spin state and a lower oxidation state of Ni.

Cupric ion coordination-mediated molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the recognition and ratiometric detection of lidocaine

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been widely used as artificial recognition elements in sensing applications. However, their electrochemical sensing performance is generally hampered by limited affinity and uncontrolled condition change. In this work, a novel MIP electrochemical sensor based on metal coordination interaction was prepared and used for the recognition and ratiometric detection of lidocaine (LC). The sensor was constructed by electrodepositing Cu-coordinated MIP on biomass carbon modified glassy carbon electrode. Herein, Cu2+ ions acted as anchor for the immobilization of LC during the synthesis process, enabling the orderly formation of molecular recognition sites. Reversely, the metal coordination between Cu2+ ions and LC molecules facilitated the recognition of LC. Moreover, the doped cupric ions in the polymer film could provide a reference signal for subsequent ratiometric strategy. Thus the resulting sensor exhibited high selectivity, sensitivity, satisfactory reproducibility, and anti-interference ability. Under the selected conditions, the peak current ratio of LC and cupric ion was linear to LC concentration in the range of 0.008–2.5 μmol L−1 (R2 = 0.9951), and the limit of detection was 1.9 nmol L−1 (S/N = 3). The practical feasibility of the sensor was evaluated by detecting human serum and pharmaceutical samples, and satisfactory outcomes were obtained.

Development of Modified TiO2 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

AbstractTiO2 has advantages such as excellent photocatalytic performance, high chemical stability, low price, and not easy to produce secondary pollution. Therefore, the photocatalytic hydrogen production over TiO2 catalyst was an effective way to achieve hydrogen production from solar energy with low energy consumption and low cost. However, the TiO2 catalyst responds only to UV light due to its wide forbidden band, and the electrons and holes were prone to recombination, resulting in the decrease in photocatalytic activity and quantum efficiency. In recent years, researchers have conducted a series of modifications on TiO2 to improve its visible light response, reduce the rate of carrier recombination, and thereby enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. This paper reviews several main modification methods of TiO2 including morphology regulation, ion doping, semiconductor recombination, noble metal deposition, dye sensitization and their research progress in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Finally, the modification of TiO2 photocatalyst in the future was predicted.

Evaluating the significance of rare earth and iron doping on structure-property of lead titanate

The samples (Pb0.8Ln0.2 Fe0.2 Ti0.8O3, (Ln= La, Nd, Sm, Gd)) were synthesized successfully by mixed oxide method. A significant reduction in tetragonality is observed with the modification of structure. The grain size from FESEM study was observed to be decreasing with increase in ionic radii of rare earth ions. Specifically, the dielectric constant is found to be maximum for the Sm-doped sample. Conductivity studies at varying temperature and frequencies reveal the NTCR behaviour of these samples. In Sm, Nd and Gd doped samples, tunnelling of small polarons is responsible for conduction process whereas for La doped sample, the conduction process is mediated through the combined effect of small polaron tunnelling and bipolaron hopping. The Sm-doped sample exhibits highest remanent polarization. All the results of this comprehensive study provide valuable insights into the effect of dopant ions on various properties of the studied materials, paving the way for device applications.

Fast, One‐Step In Situ Synthesis of a Hierarchical Sn4+‐Doped TiNb2O7 Nanosphere as a High‐Performance Anode Material

AbstractTitanium niobium oxide (TNO) exhibits great potential as a lithium‐ion battery anode due to its high capacity, minimal volume change during cycling, and safe good operation characteristic enabled from its voltage profile. However, its intrinsically low electronic and ionic conductivity hinders its potential for practical applications. This work proposes a facile coprecipitation method to address these limitations by incorporating a nano‐macro structure and in situ Sn ion doping into bulk TNO. This approach ensures homogeneous integration of TNO precursors and the Sn dopant at a molecular level within the co‐precipitation nanoparticles. Additionally, the use of low toxicity solvents facilitate scalability of the synthesis process. Excellent rate capability, high reversible capacities, and good capacity retention are achieved simultaneously due to synergistic effects of the bulk doping, which expands the crystal volume and enhances Li+ diffusion, combined with abundant surface area of the nano‐macro structures. The specific capacity of Sn‐doped TNO nanospheres remains at 180 mAh/g at a high current density of 40 C (1 C=400 mA g−1), which is nearly four times higher than that of undoped samples. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry analysis at various scanning rates reveals an increased Li+ diffusion rate in Sn doped titanium niobium dioxide.

Boosted sensitive optical thermometers utilizing synergistic effects of thermal enhancement and quenching in Er/Yb/Nd triply-doped Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets

Rare earth-doped nanomaterials can achieve diverse upconversion luminescence by changing doping ions, presenting them as promising candidates for rapid temperature measurement. However, most upconversion luminescent phosphors have a thermal quenching effect, which greatly weakens the luminous intensity of the material and impairs thermometry performances. Here, we studied the synthesis of Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets tridoped with Er3+, Yb3+, and Nd3+ ions using molten salt method. Notably, this luminescent material demonstrates both thermal quenching and thermal enhancement effects. The unusual phenomenon results in a high sensitivity of the optical temperature sensor based on the inter-ion energy level between Er3+ and Nd3+. At 523 K, this sensitivity reaches 5.94×10−2 K−1, surpassing that of sensors relying on the thermal coupling of only Er3+ ions by nearly ninefold. Our findings suggest a promising strategy to augment the temperature sensing sensitivity of luminescent materials, paving the way for potential applications in precise temperature monitoring.

Experimental study and DFT+U calculations on the impact of Rare-Earth ion (La3+, Sm3+, Y3+, Yb3+) doped CeO2 Core-Shell abrasives on polishing performance

A series of carbon spheres coated with Rare-Earth ion-doped (La3+, Sm3+, Y3+, Yb3+) CeO2 (CS@CeO2) were synthesized using eco-friendly hydrothermal and chemical precipitation methods. The structural characteristics of the abrasives were thoroughly analyzed using XRD, SEM, TEM, and FT-IR techniques. A detailed analysis of Ce3+ and Vo concentrations on the CeO2 layer surface was conducted using XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The analysis results indicated that CS@Ce0.9Y0.1O2 abrasives exhibited the highest Ce3+ (46.23 %) and Vo (25.39 %) concentrations. Additionally, the polishing performance of the abrasives was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The CS@Ce0.9Y0.1O2 abrasive exhibited superior polishing performance, achieving the lowest surface roughness (Ra = 0.26 nm) compared to commercial abrasives (Ra = 0.77 nm), reducing Ra by 66.23 %. Moreover, density functional theory with the Hubbard U method (DFT+U) was used to systematically investigate the oxygen vacancy formation energy, structural stability, and electronic properties of CeO2 doped with Rare-Earth ions. These findings demonstrate that doping with Rare-Earth ions possessing ionic radii close to that of Ce4+ effectively enhances the concentration of oxygen vacancies and Ce3+ ions, which is crucial for improving polishing performance. This work provides valuable reference data on the doping of Rare-Earth ions in CeO2-based polishing abrasives.