Iodometric Method Research Articles

Research of consumer properties of organic oils

The object of the work is organic cold-pressed oils: sea buckthorn oil, amaranth oil, sesame oil. In the work, consumer properties of vegetable oils were studied: organoleptic characteristics, peroxide value, fatty acid composition. Among the organoleptic indicators, transparency, smell, color and the presence of sediment were studied. To determine the smell, the oil was applied in a thin layer on a glass plate. In order to study the color, the oil was poured into a glass with a layer of 50 mm and examined in transmitted and reflected light on a white background. Determination of transparency was carried out in the cylinder after settling at a temperature of 20 °C for 24 hours. To detect sediment in the settled oil, the number of divisions in the lower part of the cylinder occupied by oil sediment was noted. All organoleptic characteristics correspond to the limits of the norm. All samples are transparent, do not contain sediment and foreign odors. The color is inherent in each type of oil. In all samples, the peroxide number was studied. The amount of peroxides was determined by the iodometric method. In sea buckthorn oil, the peroxide number is 4.6 ½O mmol/kg, sesame – 4.8 ½O mmol/kg, amaranth – 4.3 ½O mmol/kg. The indicated indicators correspond to the norm. The fatty acid composition of the oil was determined by gas chromatography on an HP 6890 gas chromatograph (Agilent, USA). The content of meristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids was studied in oils. Oleic acid (18:1ω–9) is found in the largest amount in sesame oil (29.29 %). The content of linolenic acid (18:2ω–6) is the highest in amaranth oil (49.29 %). The content of linoleic acid (18:3ω–3) is the highest in sea buckthorn oil (19.28 %). Further research is planned to be devoted to the effect of vegetable organic oils on the lipid fraction of flour products.

Effect of lutein extract from spinach (Amaranthus sp) on n-hexane fraction on bulk cooking oil peroxide numbers

The use of cooking oil for too long can cause rancidity in cooking oil which produces cancer-triggering free radicals. This rancidity can be overcome by adding antioxidants, namely compounds that can ward off free radicals. Lutein is an antioxidant compound that contains a hydroxyl group. In this study, green spinach leaves were used as a source of lutein. Green spinach leaves have a high lutein content that is not inferior to Kenikir and Broccoli flowers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding lutein as an antioxidant compound in bulk cooking oil. The test begins with the maceration extraction stage using n-hexane solvent, determining the Rf value of lutein with TLC using an eluent mixture of n-hexane: acetone: chloroform (6: 2: 2) and analyzed by iodometric titration method. The results show that lutein has an Rf value of 0.58, which is almost the same as the standard Rf of lutein, which is 0.59, while the lutein content in green spinach leaves is quite high at 7.86 ppm. Lutein can inhibit the rancidity process caused by an increase in the number of peroxides. At a concentration of 3% lutein has a peroxide value smaller than 1% tocopherol which in this study was used as a comparison, namely synthetic antioxidant compounds.

INTENSIFICATION OF THE ABSORPTION OF OXYGEN BY WATER USING A ROTOR-PULSATING APPARATUS

One of the important components of the quality of food products is the quality of water used. A common way to remove unwanted impurities from water is aeration, i.e. the oxidation of chemical compounds in water by oxygen. Aeration devices with mechanical energy input in comparison with other groups of devices, namely with energy input with gas phase and with liquid phase, have low power consumption and additional mixing of the processed medium. The work presents a study of oxygen absorption in water in an experimental setup with rotor-pulsating apparatus for water treatment in beverage production technology. In this paper, the energy and technological parameters of aeration of a model aqueous solution of a certain concentration of sodium sulfide in an experimental setup with a rotor-pulsating apparatus as an aerator are determined. The experimental aeration setup allows conducting research in several modes and consists in particular of a vessel, a rotor-pulsating apparatus, two ejectors - one at the entrance to the rotor-pulsating, the other at the outlet, the recirculation pipeline. Air from the atmosphere enters each of the ejectors through a separate air duct. The aeration of the studied water took place in the recirculation mode for 20 minutes. Determination of the oxygen mass transfer rate is determined by the iodometric titration method on the rate of oxidation of sodium sulfite. Experiments were conducted without using a catalyst. It is determined that when placing the ejector unit at the rotor-pulsating apparatus inlet at the angular rotor unit velocity of 240.02; 270.18, and 300.02 s-1, the oxygen mass transfer rate is 1.39; 1.49 and 1.73 kg m3/h. At the location of the ejector unit at the outlet of the rotor-pulsating apparatus, the velocity of the oxygen mass transfer under the same conditions is 1.17; 1.36 and 1.63 kg m3/h respectively. However, the power consumption of the second scheme exceeds the power consumption by the first scheme by 50%.

Enhancing the antibacterial activity of PAMAM dendrimer modified with 1,8‐naphthalimides and its copper complex via light illumination

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis of a new photoactive PAMAM dendrimer of first generation, modified with 4‐dimethylamino‐1,8‐naphthalimide units and its complexation with Cu2+ ions. The photophysical characteristics of the two compounds in organic solvents of different polarity have been determined. The impact of light on reactive oxygen species from the new compounds and on the cotton fabrics dyed with them has been investigated by an iodometric method, consisting of I− transformation into I3−, which absorbs light at 288 and 352 nm. It has been determined that their antibacterial activity towards Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria enhances upon light illumination, as a resultant synergic effect of the biological activity of the new dendrimers and of the reactive oxygen they generate. The copper complex has been found to be more active than the ligand. Upon their loading onto cotton fabrics both compounds retain their antibacterial activity.

EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHODS AND STORAGE TIME ON THE CONTENT OF ASCORBIC ACID IN BERRIES

The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of the content of ascorbic acid in berries of black and red currants and raspberries during storage in a frozen form and during conservation of berries grated with sugar. As objects of research, we used two varieties of red currant, black currant and raspberry. The ascorbic acid content served as a marker of the berry quality during storage. The analysis of ascorbic acid was carried out by the iodometric method according to the standard method. It was found that immediately after freezing, the loss of ascorbic acid is from 6 to 20%, which is significantly less than when grinding with sugar (65–97%). The decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in berries during storage occurs unevenly and after 6 months the concentration stabilizes. When storing frozen berries, additional losses of vitamin C in red and black currants averaged 83%, and in raspberries – 66%. During storage of berry puree, additional losses were 32% for red and black currants, and 89% for raspberries. The best preservation of ascorbic acid was observed when stored frozen – in experiments with black currants, while storing berry puree – in experiments with red currants.

Production Process of Large Pore Size Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell using Sodium Chloride as An Activator

This study aimed to determine the yield of activated carbon, iodine number, and surface area of palm activated carbon. Samples were produced by using sodium chloride (NaCl) as an activator. Palm shells that had been produced by the milling process were then sieved with a 12 mesh sieve and soaked in 20 % NaCl solution. The sample solution was heated over a water bath at 70 oC and continued with the drying process at a constant temperature of 105 oC. The activated shells continued the pyrolysis process at temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 oC for 3 hours. The activated carbon obtained from the pyrolysis process was weighed and then washed using hot distilled water. The samples were dried in an oven at a temperature of 105 oC for 24 hours. The results were analyzed for iodine number using iodometric titration method, surface area using Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and pore structure using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. The results showed the best yield was 38.13 % obtained at 20% NaCl and a temperature of 400 oC. The best iodine number was 767.745 mg/g and surface area was 6.790 m2/g, pore volume 4.377 cc/g with pore size 9.781 A.

ANALISIS VITAMIN C PADA BUAH JERUK PASAMAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN IMUNITAS TUBUH PADA MASA PANDEMI

Vitamin C is the best antioxidant known to have benefits to boost immunity. One of the fruits that contain vitamin C is the Pasaman orange. Pasaman orange is a fruit that is a flowering plant with members of the Citrus clan from the Rutaceae tribe (orange-orange tribe). Pasaman oranges were analyzed for their vitamin C content in order to increase the community's immunity during the covid-19 pandemic. The method used is a laboratory experiment with the iodometric method. The result is that Pasaman oranges contain high levels of vitamin C, with the average vitamin C levels in the Pasaman oranges being 10.22%, 11.18% and 10.38% respectively, while the average vitamin C levels in the Pasaman oranges were 10.59%. And during this pandemic, we should consume a lot of food and fruit with vitamin C to increase the body's immunity, so that it can be developed to the next stage of further and more effective research.

Characterization and Quantification of Tryptophan- and Tyrosine-derived Hydroperoxides.

The reaction of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) with the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine, either free or inserted in peptides or proteins, gives rise to hydroperoxides. To understand the impact of these hydroperoxides in complex biological systems, methods allowing their characterization and accurate quantification must be available. In this work, hydroperoxides derived from tryptophan and tyrosine and from peptides containing these amino acids were synthesized by photooxidation, and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, experiments were carried out to compare two colorimetric methods commonly used for quantification of peroxides, namely the iodometric and the ferric-xylenol orange assays. For the tryptophan hydroperoxide, the quantifications obtained by colorimetric methods were then compared to that obtained by NMR. The results showed that for the ferric-xylenol orange method, the stoichiometry between peroxide and Fe3+ ions varies considerably. On the other hand, for the iodometric assay, the stoichiometry peroxide:I3 - ions is always 1:1. However, the kinetics of the reactions of peroxides with I- vary, and the assay must be performed in anaerobic conditions. Thus, the iodometric method is more appropriate for precise quantification of a given peroxide. The characterization and accurate quantification of biological peroxides iskey to understand the mechanisms involved in redox processes.

Validation of Amoxicillin iodometric procedure in quantitative analysis of pure substance and medical preparation

The aim of the work is to validate a simple and rapid iodometric procedure for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin in pure substance and medicinal preparation using potassium caroate as analytical reagent. Materials and methods. The procedure involves the use of potassium caroate (KHSO5) as an oxidant. The assay is based on the quantitative penicillin oxidation by KHSO5 to the corresponding S-oxide. The interaction between amoxicillin and analytical reagent is stoichiometric. Indirect iodometric method is used for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin main substance. The validation procedure was performed according to the State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine. Results. The precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) are accepted over the concentration range of 80–120 % with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. LOD and LOQ were found to be 4.91 % and 14.73 % for amoxicillin pure substance respectively. The precision calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 0.8 % and accuracy (δ, relative error) was better than 0.4 %. The proposed method was validated statistically and through recovery studies. For Amoxicillin medical preparation RSD ≥1.93 % and δ ≥ 1.62 %. Conclusions. The obtained data showed acceptable agreement with the certificate results, so the proposed procedure can be used for the assay of amoxicillin in medicinal preparation.

Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Iodine Exposure in Bangladesh.

In this study, the concentrations of iodine in household salt samples (n = 690) were determined by following the iodometric titration method, and the health risks of Bangladeshi people were assessed based on the semi-probabilistic approach and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) deterministic model. After adjusting 20% of cooking losses, the iodine concentration (mean, range) in salt samples of Phultala, Dighalia, Terokhada, Rupsha, Batiaghata, Dumuria, Paikgacha, Koyra, Dacope, and KCC was (29.68 ± 8.67, 14.39-48.26), (31.05 ± 6.68, 15.24-43.18), (26.94 ± 5.57, 16.09-45.72), (24.33 ± 5.61, 12.70-37.26), (26.69 ± 6.73, 10.16-44.87), (27.20 ± 8.44, 9.31-53.34), (27.71 ± 8.09, 8.46-47.42), (28.39 ± 7.80, 11.01-46.57), (28.20 ± 7.97, 3.38-49.10), and (29.21 ± 6.62, 18.62-40.64) mg/kg, respectively. The iodine contents in 97.25% of samples were within the standard fortification level of Bangladesh (15-50mg/kg), while 2.61% of samples were below this limit. The semi-probabilistic risk assessment studies showed that 80.14% of samples at a low ingestion rate could provide optimal nutrition (150-299μg/day) to the whole population. Contrarily, at medium, moderate-high, and high consumption rates 34.93%, 65.22%, and 85.94% of samples, respectively, belonged to above the requirements to excessive exposure categories (300-1100μg/day), which might cause iodine-induced diseases. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for the adults in most of the samples were within the threshold risk limit (THQ < 1.0), whereas THQ values in 6.82% to 85.97% of samples for the children at low to high ingestion rates, respectively exceeded this limit, which revealed that the adults were almost safe, but the children might face non-carcinogenic health effects. Therefore, regular monitoring of iodine concentration in iodized salts should be done to prevent iodine deficiency or iodine-induced disorders.

Identification Of Nutritional Content, Taxonomy and Processed Products Of Campolay Fruit (Pouteria Champeciana)

Pouteria champeciana (campolay) is a type of tropical fruit grown in Indonesia. Though the nutritional content of the fruit has the potential as a processed food product. This study analyzed taxonomy, vitamin C, total carotene, total sugar content and minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Na) in campolay fruit and processing campolay fruit flesh into processed food products. This type of research is descriptive research. Campolay fruit obtained from Tarogong Kidul, Garut Regency, West Java. Analysis of vitamin C levels in campolay fruit flesh using the iodometric titration method, total carotene using spectrophotometric methods, testing total sugar content using the Nelson Somogyi method and mineral testing (Ca, Mg, K, Na) on campolay fruit using AAS. The results of the analysis showed that the level of vitamin C in the campolay fruit flesh was 215.685 (mg/100g), total carotene of 31.185 (mg/100g), total sugar content 18.085% and minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K) on a campolay fruit of 1124.481 (ppm), 358.914 (ppm), 431.996 (ppm) and 8183.999 (ppm). Campolay fruit processing can be used in a variety of food products such as smoothies, cup cakes, cereal flakes, puddings and jelly drinks.

Analisis Parameter Fisika dan Kimia Outlet Ipal komunal Domestik Dusun Sukunan di Pusat Pengembangan Teknologi Tepat Guna Pengolahan Air Limbah (PUSTEKLIM) Yogyakarta

Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) komunal domestik Dusun Sukunan mengolah air limbah domestik yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan rumah tangga. Namun, pengolahan air limbah yang dilakukan belum menjamin kualitas air limbah yang dihasilkan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian beberapa parameter pada outlet IPAL komunal domestik Dusun Sukunan seperti TDS, TSS,BOD, dan pH. Pengujian kadar TDS dan TSS dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri, yaitu menimbang massa yang diperoleh setelah dilakukan pemisahan. Pengujian kadar BOD dilakukan dengan metode iodometri (modifikasi azida), yaitu menentukan volume larutan natrium tiosulfat (Na2S2O3) yang digunakan untuk titrasi iodium (I2) yang dibebaskan pada sampel hari ke-0 dan hari ke-5. Sedangkan penentuan nilai pH dilakukan dengan menggunakan pH universal. Berdasarkan pengujian diperoleh kadar TDS adalah 1440 mg/L, TSS adalah 80 mg/L, BOD adalah 70,5625 mg/L, dan memiliki pH 7. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat parameter yang melebihi baku mutu air limbah domestik. Parameter tersebut adalah TSS, sedangkan parameter TDS, BOD, dan pH memenuhi persyaratan.

The Ionic Associate of Metamizole as an Electrode-Active Component of a PVC Plasticized Membrane Electrode

The technology for manufacturing a film membrane of the metamizole-selective electrode containing ion associate metamizole-octadecylammonium ODAH+MT− as an electrode active component (EAC) has been proposed. The main potentiometric characteristics of the metamizole-selective electrode have been determined. The expediency of the proposed design of the metamizole selective electrode for the determination of metamizole in dosage forms has been substantiated. The best composition of the membrane (wt.%) of the metamizole-selective electrode has corresponded to: ODAH+MT−—5.3; 2-nitrophenyloctylether—63.1; poly(vinyl chloride)—31.6. Electrode-active component in the membrane phase functions as an ion associate ODAH+MT−. Potentiometric characteristics of metamizole-selective electrode have been determined, which corresponded to: linear range 1 × 10−2–1 × 10−4 with limit of detection 4.58 × 10−5 M, electrode function slope −48.5 mV/dec., working interval pH 4.5–7.3, response time 60 s. The potentiometric coefficients of selectivity of the metamizole-selective electrode with respect to various ions have been determined. The possibility of determining metamizole in a medicinal product has been tested. The results of the analyses show good agreement between the two methods (relative error less than 7.0%) with coefficients of variation less than 5% for MT-SE and iodometric methods.

The comparison of ozone production with oxygen concentration and feed gas flow rate at atmospheric pressure

In this study, the ozone yield from the ozone generator of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technique is investigated. The ozone yield was obtained by varying the parameters, including flow rate, discharge time, and working gases (air and oxygen), to achieve high ozone yield. The flow rate parameter was varied from 2 to 14 L/min, while the discharge time was varied from 2 to 10 min. Then, the yield concentration of ozone from the working gases was measured by the iodometric method. The result showed that the ozone concentration of oxygen was higher than that of air. In addition, the results showed that the ozone concentration increased with increasing flow rate of the working gases at a fixed discharge time, reaching a maximum ozone concentration of about 22.11 mg/L.

Karakteristike mikrobiocenoze i produkcija hidrogen-peroksida od strane simbiotičkih organizama gingive kod adolescenata sa kataralnim gingivitisom i hroničnim gastroduodenitisom

Introduction. The key links in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases are the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the microflora of the oral cavity, with the simultaneous deterioration of oral hygiene, and reduction of local and general immunity, which occurs more often in the presence of somatic diseases. Aims. The aim of the paper was to study the features of the microbiocenosis of periodontal tissues and the production of hydrogen peroxide by gum symbionts in adolescents with catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis. Methods. The condition of the microbiocenosis of the gums of 83 adolescents from 12 to 18 years, which was divided into groups depending on the diagnosed catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis, was studied. Bacteriological examination was performed to isolate pure cultures of microorganisms and to identify them according to generally accepted microbiological methods. The ability of the selected cultures to produce hydrogen peroxide was studied on an indicator medium with potassium-iodine-starch system, by the iodometric method. Results. The results of microbiological studies showed significant changes in qualitative and quantitative indicators of the microbiocenosis of the gingival mucosa in the affected area of patients with gingivitis, compared with dentally and somatically healthy individuals in the control group. In the group of clinically healthy adolescents, hydrogen peroxide producers were found on the mucous membrane of the gums only in 5.0 ± 1.15% of the examinees. In catarrhal gingivitis, hydrogen peroxide producers were found in 52.4 ± 2.4 % of the examined main group subjects (p &lt; 0.01) and in the 50.0 ± 2.5 % of the examined comparison group subjects (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion. Among adolescents with catarrhal gingivitis, which occurs on the background of chronic gastroduodenitis, there were more pronounced quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiocenosis of the gums. The hydrogen peroxide produced by them can act as an additional damaging factor in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process of the gingival area.

Вплив екологічно безпечного регулятора росту на перерозподіл вуглеводів та азоту між органами рослин олійних культур

The aim of the research. Given that the existing data on the effect of growth inhibitors on the redistribution of assimilates in oil crops are not numerous and the controversial data on the effect of the anti-gibberellin drug chlormequat chloride on the content of carbohydrates and nitrogen the purpose of the experiment was to find out the influence of CCC on the redistribution of assimilates in oil crops.Methodology. Oil poppy and rapeseed plants of the Halytsky variety were treated during the budding period with a 0.5% solution of chlormequat chloride with a Mastertool hydraulic sprayer, while the plants of the control sample were treated with water. Experimental plots were laid in farms of the Podilskyi region in 2020-2021. The number of experimental plots of each of the experimental options is 5, the area is 5 m2. The content of total nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method, sugars and starch content was measured using the iodometric method.&#x0D; The novelty of the research. The effect of a growth regulator on the redistribution of carbohydrates between plant organs during the growing season was for the first time investigated on the oil poppy culture. The accumulation of excessive carbohydrates in the leaves and roots of the experimental samples has a positive meaning due to the creation of a powerful reserve fund of assimilates. It is used for the formation and growth of the fruits of the oil poppy, the number of which increased. An increase in the content of carbohydrates in the vegetative organs of oil poppy plants under the action of chlormequat chloride was found to go along with a decrease in the content of total nitrogen in the roots and leaves both in the control sample and in the plants of the experimental variant.Conclusions. The usage of growth regulators in the budding phase causes an increase in the productivity of oil poppy and rapeseed culture. Under the action of these preparations, a correction of donor-acceptor relations in the plant is observed. It is implemented through the redistribution of assimilates from vegetative organs to the needs of carpogenesis. The formation of a more powerful acceptor sphere is associated with laying a larger number of fruits - the main acceptors of assimilates in the second half of the growing season. An increase in the load of the plant with fruits in the plants of the experimental variants also affected a more intensive flow of carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds to them, which ultimately led to an increase in the seed yield.

Determine the iodine content of salt at the household level and its predictors in Bahirdar Town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Introductioniodine deficiency remains a foremost public health problem in developing countries. About 66 million populations were at risk from iodine deficiency, 28 million people suffer from goiter and more than 50,000 prenatal deaths are related to iodine deficiency each year in Ethiopia. Besides, studies from different parts of Ethiopia have shown that a low proportion of households use adequate iodine concentration and varied from one household to another. Despite increased coverage, the quality of available salt is poor. To ensure safe and effective levels of iodine consumption, monitoring the levels of iodine in salt and the iodine status of the population is critical. However, kinds of literature are scant in Ethiopia particularly; no study is conducted in the current study area. Thus, the study aimed to determine the iodine content of salt and associated factors at the household level in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia.Methodsa community based cross-sectional study design was carried out in Bahir Dar Town from September to October 2015. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 706 study participants. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire and laboratory were used to collect data. A laboratory test, gold standard iodometric titration method was used to measure individual availability of adequately iodized salt. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify factors associated with the content of iodine. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval was computed to show the strength of association. In multivariable analysis, a p-value of <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Resultsa total, of 690 participants were included in the study. About 70.1% (95%CI: 63.41, 76.76) of the households were used adequate iodized salt (≥15 ppm). The result of the multivariate analysis revealed that respondents with secondary school (AOR=3.05; 95%CI: 1.51,6.18), age 30-44 years (AOR=1.99; 95%CI: 1.08,3.69), good knowledge (AOR=3.34; 95% CI: 2.09,5.32) and being in the highest wealth status (AOR=4.35,95% CI: 2.43,7.8) had higher odds of availability of adequately iodized salt at the household compared to the counterpart. Besides, using covered salt (AOR=6.10, 95% CI: 3.78, 9.87) and storing salt in a dry place (AOR=4.17; 95% CI: 2.21, 7.86) were positively associated with the availability of adequately iodized salt.Conclusionthe availability of adequately iodized salt in the household is still low. Further institutionalizing iodized salt regulation and awareness creation will require to improve safe iodine consumption through the community.

Rapid colorimetric determination of ascorbic acid by solid phase extraction of iodine into a polymethacrylate matrix

The proposed iodometric solid-phase spectrophotometry method is based on interaction of ascorbic acid with molecular iodine in a solution with further extraction of the unreacted iodine into a polymethacrylate matrix followed by its spectrophotometric measurement in the solid phase. The amount of iodine extracted by the matrix is in inverse linear dependence on the concentration of ascorbic acid in the solution. The method can be employed for the range of ascorbic acid concentrations 1.0–9.0 mg dm–3, while its detection limit is 0.8 mg dm–3.

Performance Evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program in Chikmagalur District: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Survey.

Routine evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs) is done through a national program called National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program (NIDDCP). The aim of this study is to determine the goiter prevalence, to estimate salt Iodine and urinary Iodine levels. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2700 school children across seven taluks of Chikmagalur. A total of 2700 children aged 6 to 12 years were selected from 30 clusters by multistage sampling method. The iodometric titration method and Sandell-Kolthoff method were used for the estimation of salt and urinary Iodine, respectively. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used. The prevalence of goiter was 13.0%. About 153 (28.3%) salt samples had inadequate iodine content (<15 ppm). Median Urinary Iodine Excretion was 126 μg/L. Chikmagalur district is still at risk of a significant public health problem which needs timely interventions and appropriate measures to prevent further consequences due to IDDs.

Determination of amount of ascorbic acid presentin citrus fruits available in butwal sub-metropolitan city Nepal

In this study, five samples of citrus fruits; Lemon, Orange, Sweet orange, Tangerine, and lime were collected from the local market of Butwal City and analyzed for pH and ascorbic acid contents in them. All these studies were carried out in the laboratory of Butwal Multiple Campus from 10 to 15 December 2021. The study compared the concentration of ascorbic acid in different citrus fruits. Determination of ascorbic acid was carried out by iodometric titration and DCPIP titration method while pH was measured by a digital pH meter. The highest amount of Ascorbic acid was found in Tangerine and the least in lime. The amount of ascorbic acid (mg) found in 100 ml of fresh juice of the lime, lemon, Tangerine, sweet orange,and orange citrus fruits were 39.09±1.08, 49.81±0.86, 70.4±1.6, 63.6±2.13, 52.8±2.44respectively.Similarly lowest pHis found in lime and the highest in sweet orange.