Involvement Of Family Members Research Articles

Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis of The “Dapur Keluarga” Song and Its Relevance To The Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism Phenomenon in Indonesia

In 2020 Feast music group released the Uang Muka album. In the album, one song, Dapur Keluarga, represents the phenomenon of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism (KKN) in Indonesia. To analyze the discourse of social criticism in the song Dapur Keluarga, Teun A. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model has three analytical frameworks. That is text analysis, social cognition, and social context. Qualitative descriptive is a research method that carefully describes and interprets the data from discourse analysis with existing phenomena and is then used to draw relevance between social criticism discourse and KKN phenomena in Indonesia.Based on the results of research using the method of analysis of critical discourse Teun A. Van Dijk, through text structure, social cognition, and social context analysis, found that the Dapur Keluarga has a meaning with the message of social criticism delivered satirically to human actions in seeking to profit from the suffering of others such as the practice of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism carried out by the corrupt and those closest to them (family and relatives) who It is depicted in the Dapur Keluarga. The relevance of discourse is found in the real problems in Indonesia. Cases of KKN practice involving family members and closest people, such as the case of the Regent of East Kutai, Bansos West Bandung, Gratification of Cases in the Supreme Court, and many more. In conclusion, the discourse of social criticism of the lyrics of the Dapur Keluarga song has relevance to the phenomena of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism in Indonesia.

REATIVA: An Efficient Health Promotion Program during Retirement Transition.

Retirement is a major life transition in adulthood that can cause vulnerability in individuals and their families. REATIVA is a face-to-face health intervention program that aims to promote the perception of self-efficacy and facilitate the transition to retirement of individuals and families. This article presents the efficiency of this program. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 new retirees and families enrolled in the Portuguese National Health Service. The efficiency of the program was evaluated with the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale, which assesses self-efficacy, and the Retirement Adaptation Perception (EPFAR) scale, which assesses the perception of adaptation to retirement. The data were processed in IBM SPSS 27 software. An average positive change was found regarding the GSE and EPFAR in all participants of the REATIVA program. Notably, the MANOVA test with Greenhouse–Geisser correction revealed a significant effect of the program over time in the EPFAR scale (F = 17.405, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.554; PO = 0.982). The REATIVA program was found to be efficient in the promotion of individual and family health during the transition to retirement as an active and healthy aging process. New methodologies and intervention strategies were identified that could improve the efficacy of the program; namely, the involvement of more family members and using a blended approach.

Involvement of adult children in treatment decision-making for older patients with cancer — a qualitative study of perceptions and experiences of oncology surgeons and nurses

BackgroundMany older patients with cancer have their family members, often their adult children, involved in a process of treatment decision-making. Despite the growing awareness that family members can facilitate a process of shared decision-making, strategies for involving family members are scarce. Furthermore, literature about shared decision-making pays little attention to family involvement or to the impact that family relations have on the decision process. The purpose of this study was to explore how surgeons and nurses perceive the involvement of adult children of older patients with cancer in treatment decision-making. Subsequently, it identified strategies to ensure family involvement in the decision-making process, used in clinical practice.MethodsQualitative open in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 surgeons and 13 nurses working in a university or general hospital. Qualitative content analysis was conducted according to the steps of thematic analysis.ResultsBoth nurses and surgeons indicated that adult children’s involvement in decision-making about treatment increases when patients become frail. They mentioned several characteristics of adult children’s behaviour during the decision-making process. Most of these characteristics are beneficial, but they also can be challenging. The distinct nature of adult children’s involvement can help older patients with cancer reach better-informed treatment decisions. Health professionals reported six strategies to support positive family involvement in decision-making about treatment.ConclusionAdult children may facilitate a process of shared decision-making and help patients reach well-informed treatment decisions. Health professionals’ strategies deliberately support positive family involvement.

A hypothesis concerning the role of PPAR family on cardiac energetics in Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy.

Adriamycin is an effective anti-neoplastic drug against a variety of cancer types. However, the drug causes adverse side effects in a number of organ systems. Cardiomyopathy is one of the life-threatening side effects of Adriamycin. In the current work, we have derived a hypothesis with possible involvement of PPAR family members in the development of Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Dysregulation of PPAR family by Adriamycin causes impairment in the transport and β-oxidation of fatty acids, the key substrate for ATP synthesis in heart. Evidences suggest that dysregulation of PPAR family alters the recruitment of glucose transporters. Furthermore, heme oxygenase-1 is a crucial enzyme regulating the iron homeostasis in the heart whose expression is regulated by PPAR family. Inverse relationship exists between the expression levels of PPARγ and heme oxygenase-1. Adriamycin upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 which in turn disrupts the iron homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Our molecular docking results show that Adriamycin has a high affinity for iron-binding sites of heme oxygenase-1, thereby hindering formation of iron-sulfur complex. The lack of iron-sulfur complex impairs the electron transport chain. In addition, succinate dehydrogenase subunit A is downregulated by Adriamycin. The lack of this subunit uncouples Krebs cycle from ETC. Further, lack of this subunit increases the concentration of succinate, which further alters the mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, in the present work, we hypothesize that alteration in the expression of PPAR family members is one of the major causes of metabolic chaos and oxidative stress caused by Adriamycin during the development of cardiomyopathy.

Development and psychometric evaluation of an instrument to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Caregivers at Preventing Pressure Injuries (KAP-PI) in Indonesian community-dwelling older adults

BackgroundThe prevalence of pressure injuries among community-dwelling older adults in countries worldwide is still a serious problem. In Indonesia, older adults mostly rely on family members for (medical) care. Therefore, involving family members in the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries (PIs) could potentially decrease its prevalence rates. However, family members are usually not trained for such tasks. Hence, it is essential to first get more insight into the current state of affairs on family members’ knowledge, attitude and actual practice of preventing PIs. Due to the lack of an existing instrument to measure knowledge, attitude and practice of family caregivers in preventing PIs, this study focuses on the development and evaluation of psychometric properties of such an instrument.MethodsThree phases of instrument development and evaluation were used, including item generation, instrument construction and psychometric testing of the instrument. A total of 372 family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults who randomly selected participated in this study. Principal factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were performed to evaluate factor structure and internal consistency of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Caregivers at Preventing Pressure Injuries (KAP-PI) instrument.ResultsThe final version of the KAP-PI-instrument consists of a 12-item knowledge domain, a 9-item attitude domain, and a 12-item practice domain with Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.83, 0.93 and 0.89, respectively. The instrument appeared to be both reliable and valid.ConclusionThe KAP-PI instrument can be used in family nursing or community nursing practice, education, and research to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of pressure injury prevention of family caregivers.

Exploring typologies of appraisals, involvement, and distress in type 2 diabetes family members.

The present study conducted a latent profile analysis from a US national sample of 446 family members to identify and predict unique clusters of family members' PWD illness appraisals, involvement, and psychological distress. Time since diagnosis, diabetes adherence, the relationship with the PWD, age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and economic pressure were included as predictors. Class membership was used to predict the family members' own health behaviors (sleep quality, days of physical activity, and diet quality). Results revealed four distinct classes: Moderately Concerned, Involved, and Distressed (32.51%), Least Concerned, Distressed, and Involved (27.13%), Less Concerned and Distressed, Moderately Involved (23.77%), and Most Concerned, Involved, and Distressed (16.82%). The significant predictors and outcomes of class membership revealed interesting patterns in associations with class membership. Consequently, in addition to involving family members, health promotion and intervention efforts must consider the psychological health and illness appraisals of family members rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.

The lived experience by patients and family members of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A qualitative study

ObjectiveTo examine the lived experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) by patients and their families, and their relationship with intensive care clinicians. Research methodologySemi-structured interviews were conducted with six patients who had received ECMO and with four of their family members. The data were analysed narratively using a constant comparative method. SettingPatients were treated at a major acute care hospital in British Columbia between 2014 and 2021. ECMO was used either as a bridge to recovery or to organ transplant. Four had family members bedside throughout, while two had virtual visits due to COVID-19 infection control measures. FindingsECMO was experienced through a triad of relationships between the patient, key family members and key clinicians. The strength, directionality and focus of these relationships shifted during therapy and realigned once ECMO was removed. The largest shift involved family members. Post-ECMO, patients relied almost entirely on spouses, adult children and clinical team members to reconstruct their experience. The connection between families and clinical team members was limited and changed little. ConclusionsThe lived experience of ECMO was complex in ways yet to be comprehensively reported in the literature. This technology had particular impact on family members when ECMO was used as a bridge to transplant and where run times extended to multiple weeks. COVID-19 infection control restrictions further complicated how this technology was experienced. Findings from this study highlight the importance of intensive care nurses recognising the critical role family members play as witnesses whose experiences later allow patients to make sense of their journey post-discharge.

To Build or Dissolve Bridges: Generational Disruptions and Legacy in Family Business

Family businesses are constantly faced with generational disruptions of all kinds. These generational disruptions can take the form of intra-family conflicts or succession, strategic divergences within the organization, or paradigm shifts at the societal level. They thus can involve family members, stakeholders of the organization or social movements with a broader scope. No matter what form they take or who they concern, generational disruptions can threaten the long-term prosperity of family businesses. This article theorizes the concept of generations and generational disruptions in order to better explain interactions between different types of generations in family businesses. We also explain how legacy (i.e., historical narratives, memory and artifacts) can either function as a bridge to override generational disruptions by creating an impression of continuity or proximity between past, present and future generations, or as an obstructor by creating a sense of discontinuity between generations. This article promises not only to advance explanations of intergenerational dynamics in family businesses, but also to better explain the complex, multifaceted role of legacy in perpetuating (or not) such businesses over time.

Family New Venture Creation: The Impact of External Enablement Characteristics

This research investigates the impact of potentials drawn from the external environment, so-called enablement on the creation of a family new venture. Based on the framework of External Enabler and family capital theory, we posit that three characteristics of enablement (i.e., opacity, agency-intensity, and controllability) affect entrepreneurs’ decision to involve family members in new venture creation. We decompose 1,552 decision policies nested within a sample of potential entrepreneurs. Research findings suggest that entrepreneurs’ willingness to involve their family members in new venture creation increases as the agency-intensity of enablement decreases and the controllability of enablement increases. We further find that entrepreneurs’ prior start-up experience moderate these relationships by enhancing the positive effect of low agency-intensity and mitigating the positive effect of high controllability. We discuss both theoretical and practical implications.

Neuropsychological effects of COVID-19: A review.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this review is to examine review literature on the psychological effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsStudies were identified by an online search of the PubMed database. We selected studies published from January to May 2020 (during the COVID‐19 emergency).ResultsWe found that psychological effects of COVID‐19 remain serious among the most of the population, in particular for people with mental disorders, adolescents, healthcare workers, and the general population that experienced high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms, with possible long‐term psychological implications.ConclusionFindings revealed that living in urban areas, having economic stability, and living with parents were protective factors against anxiety for youth groups, whereas a risk factor was represented by the presence of COVID‐19 infection that involved family members.

Research and innovation and the role of competition in family owned and managed firms

PurposeThis paper examines the innovation behavior of family-owned firms versus non-family-owned firms. The role of internal family governance and the influence of external stimuli (competition) on innovation are also considered.Design/methodology/approachThe data of 20,995 family and non-family firms across 38 countries are derived from the World Bank Enterprise Survey during the period 2019–2020. Probit models are used to examine the impact of family ownership, family governance, and competition on innovation outcomes.FindingsFamily firms are more likely to make R&D investments, acquire external knowledge, engage in product innovation (including innovations that are new to the market) and process innovation, relative to non-family firms. However, a high propensity of family member involvement in top management positions can reduce innovation. Competition has a negative impact on innovation outcomes for both family and non-family firms, but it has a positive moderating effect on the innovation activities of family firms where a higher level of family member involvement in management is present.Originality/valueThis paper provides novel insights into family firm innovation dynamics by identifying family firms as more innovative than non-family firms for all types of indicators, debunking the idea that family firms are conservative, reluctant to change, and averse to the risks in innovation activities. However, too much family involvement in decision making may stifle some innovation activities in family firms, except in cases where the operating environment is highly competitive; this provides new insights into the ownership-management dynamic of family firms.

Social support and intimate partner violence in rural Pakistan: A longitudinal investigation of the bi-directional relationship

A large body of cross-sectional evidence finds strong and consistent associations between social support and intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the directionality of this relationship has not been firmly established due to a dearth of longitudinal evidence. Using cohort study data collected over a 3 year period from 945 women in rural Pakistan, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between IPV and social support. Friend and family social support was measured with the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, and IPV was measured with questions adopted from the World Health Organization's Violence Against Women Instrument, which was used to construct a measure of IPV severity. We estimated longitudinal associations in linear regression models that controlled for women's educational level, age at marriage, age, household composition, household assets, depressive symptoms, and Adverse Childhood Experiences. We found evidence of a bi-directional, mutually re-enforcing relationship that showed unique associations by type of social support. Specifically, we found that high social support from family, though not friends, decreased IPV severity 1 year later, and that higher IPV severity led to reductions in both friend and family social support 1 year later. Results suggest that interventions involving family members could be especially effective at reducing IPV in this context, and – given that low social support leads to many adverse health outcomes – results suggest that IPV can result in secondary harms due to diminished social support. In summary, our study confirms a bi-directional relationship between IPV and social support and suggests that IPV interventions that integrate social support may be especially effective at reducing IPV and mitigating secondary harms.

Prevalence of and factors associated with unintended pregnancies among sexually active undergraduates in mainland China

BackgroundUnintended pregnancies (UIP) among unmarried sexually active college students in mainland China have emerged as a major reproductive health issue with detrimental personal and socioeconomic consequences. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with UIP among sexually active undergraduates in mainland China.MethodsBetween September 8, 2019 and January 17, 2020, a total of 48,660 participants were recruited across the Chinese mainland to complete the self-administered, structured, online questionnaire. This analysis was restricted to 6347 sexually experienced, never-married 15–26 year old undergraduates. Pearson’s Chi square tests and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify sociodemographic, familial and individual variables associated with UIP.ResultsThe overall prevalence of UIP was 17.7%. More specifically, 19.5% of male college students reported they had unintentionally gotten a partner pregnant, while 14.9% of female college students became unintentionally pregnant. Students who experienced UIP were more likely to belong to the older age group (23–26 years), live with only one parent or live without parents at home, report that their family members approve of premarital sex, initiate sexual activity younger than 14 years old and have casual sex partners. Furthermore, females with multiple partners and males who came from low- income households, experienced sexual abuse, perceived difficulties in acquiring condoms and did not know how to use condoms correctly were also at higher risk of experiencing an unintended pregnancy.ConclusionIn order to prevent UIP, a comprehensive intervention measure should be taken to target older students and those engaging in risky sexual behaviors, work with young male students to improve condom use skills, improve the availability of free condoms, optimize the involvement of parents and other family members in their children’s sex education.

Sending children to camp: An analysis of decision‐making by family income

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to (a) identify the factors most salient to parents when sending their child to summer camp, (b) examine family members' roles in the camp decision‐making process, and (c) compare both by income and other family contextual factors in a sample of parents with a child who enrolled and participated in a summer camp experience.MethodsSurvey data were collected from a total of 354 families that included families from high, middle, and lower incomes. Surveys collected data on parental developmental goals for their child, factors related to camp–child and camp–family fit, and the level of involvement of family members in the camp decision‐making process.ResultsThe study identified three core parental goals for sending their child to camp: interactive learning, intrapersonal development, and fun/belonging. The analysis also identified five essential considerations parents use to consider camp fit: logistics/cost, program quality, child fit, institutional ties, and social connections. One parent, primarily the mother, drives the decision to send a child to camp. Family income was significant predictor of all three developmental goals with parents from higher income families reporting lower levels of developmental goals than parents from lower income families. Income also predicted camp fit considerations related to logistics/cost, institutional ties, and social connections. Parents in the high‐income group reported lower levels of consideration for logistics/cost and institutional ties than parents in the low‐income group. Parents in the high‐income group reported higher levels of consideration for social connections.Conclusion and ImplicationsParents, regardless of income, want the best for their children when they go to summer camp. They want their kids to have fun, build social skills, and develop independence and other intrapersonal skills. However, parental decisions of where to send their child to camp and parental evaluations of camp–child and camp–family fit are more nuanced. Unsurprisingly, logistics and cost are major considerations for families with low incomes, and camps need to continue to find ways to reduce barriers for kids from low‐income homes to attend camp through outreach and scholarship programs.

Improving the implementation of family-centred care in adult audiology appointments: a feasibility intervention study

Objective There is mounting evidence for implementing family-centred care (FCC) in adult audiology services, however FCC is not typically observed in adult clinical practice. This study implemented an intervention to increase family member attendance and involvement within adult audiology appointments. Design The study involved a mixed method design over three key phases: Standard Care, Intervention I (increasing family member attendance), and Intervention II (increasing family member involvement). Study Sample Staff from four private audiology clinics within one organisation participated in the intervention. Data was collected from different clients in each phase (n = 27 Standard Care, n = 30 Intervention I, and n = 23 Intervention II). Results Family member attendance increased from 26% of appointments in Standard Care to 40% at Intervention I, and 48% at Intervention II. Family member involvement also showed improvement on some measures (video analysis) although talk time did not significantly increase. Significant improvements in client satisfaction with services were found (Net Promoter Score and Measure of Processes of Care). Conclusion The implementation of FCC in audiology clinics needs to be an ongoing, whole-of-clinic approach, including staff in all roles. Increasing family member attendance at adult audiology appointments can lead to benefits to client satisfaction with services.

The patient suffering from acute respiratory failure COVID-19 related who refuses medical treatment: an emblematic case

Respiratory failure related to COVID-19 may evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome, which may require invasive treatment. Through the analysis of a concrete clinical case, we want to clarify how to manage patients suffering from serious acute pathologies, which require timely intervention, even invasive, but refuse medical treatment. The Italian law 219/2017 states strongly the freedom of the patient to choose, independently whether to start or stop at any time any type of medical treatment through their informed consent. The law, of course, addresses in several parts the problem of the refusal of the subject to certain choices. The law also provides that if the patient refuses therapies or interventions, putting his life at risk, the doctors need to engage in further communication with the support of other professionals, informing the patient of the consequences, promoting every support action, and involving family members. Judgment on the level of impaired capacity, which makes a patient incompetent to make therapeutic decisions, should ideally reflect the balance between respecting patient autonomy and protecting the patient from the consequences of a wrong decision. For the physicians, it is a matter of balancing the need to save the life of the person, or at least to avoid the establishment of permanent damage, with the subject itself expressly stated, including an explicit refusal to carry out maneuvers or therapies or interventions when it is in danger of life, even if such treatments could save it.

Predictors of Decision Regret among Caregivers of Older Canadians Receiving Home Care: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.

Background. In Canada, caregivers of older adults receiving home care face difficult decisions that may lead to decision regret. We assessed difficult decisions and decision regret among caregivers of older adults receiving home care services and factors associated with decision regret. Methods. From March 13 to 30, 2020, at the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted an online survey with caregivers of older adults receiving home care in the 10 Canadian provinces. We distributed a self-administered questionnaire through Canada’s largest and most representative private online panel. We identified types of difficult health-related decisions faced in the past year and their frequency and evaluated decision regret using the Decision Regret Scale (DRS), scored from 0 to 100. We performed descriptive statistics as well as bivariable and multivariable linear regression to identify factors predicting decision regret. Results. Among 932 participants, the mean age was 42.2 y (SD = 15.6 y), and 58.4% were male. The most frequently reported difficult decisions were regarding housing and safety (75.1%). The mean DRS score was 28.8/100 (SD = 8.6). Factors associated with less decision regret included higher caregiver age, involvement of other family members in the decision-making process, wanting to receive information about the options, and considering organizations interested in the decision topic and health care professionals as trustworthy sources of information (all P < 0.001). Factors associated with more decision regret included mismatch between the caregiver’s preferred option and the decision made, the involvement of spouses in the decision-making process, higher decisional conflict, and higher burden of care (all P < 0.001). Discussion. Decisions about housing and safety were the difficult decisions most frequently encountered by caregivers of older adults in this survey. Our results will inform future decision support interventions.HighlightsThis is one of the first studies to assess decision regret among caregivers of older adults receiving home and community care services and to identify their most frequent difficult decisions.Difficult decisions were most frequently about housing and safety. Most caregivers of older adults in all 10 provinces of Canada experienced decision regret.Factors associated with less decision regret included higher caregiver age, the involvement of other family members in the decision-making process, wanting to receive information about the options, considering organizations interested in the decision topic, and health care professionals as trustworthy sources of information. Factors associated with more decision regret included mismatch between the caregiver’s preferred option and the decision made, the involvement of spouses in the decision-making process, higher decisional conflict, and higher burden of care.

INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SUCCESSION PLANNING AND GENERATIONAL CHANGEOVER IN FAMILY-OWNED ORGANISATIONS CASE OF FAMILY-OWNED HARDWARE TRADES IN HARARE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (ZIMBABWE)

The inquiry papyraceous sought after to determine the agent that persuasion succession planning and generational change in small family-owned ironmongery businesses in Harare Central Business District in the Zimbabwean capital metropolitan. Harare is the biggest city in Zimbabwe and has the highest multitude of recorded lineage owned businesses. By means of the Mixed Method Research (MMR) which was QUAN-qual, denotating that this meditation was primarily quantitative with a slender qualitative constituent. The researches patience was pragmatism and the investigation intend was figurative. A sample of 110 respondents was enact through layered random trypiece to take solicitude of the three categories of family-owned businesses namely: small, medium and large family businesses. One hundred and ten self-conduct questionnaire were issuance for fulfillment and 100 were revert practicable, giving a response rate of 90.9%. The questionnaire had mostly shu ppurpose items and a few obvious close article in protection with the QUAN-qual orientation. Data was analysed worn SPSS ver. 23. A multivariate regression analysis was impelled out and the findings were that: the age of the family business proprietor, straightforward of education, communication among family members, gender of business lord, involvement of family members in family employment progeny and size of the class office influence succession sketch and generational change in lineage-owned ironmongery businesses in Harare CBD. R-squared was calculate to determine the impact of these factors on lineage planning and generational turn. The research findings reveal that 65% of the variability in succession planning and generational turn possibly will be expound by the predictor variables enrolled immediately above. The inquiry ponder also found out that succession planning and generational change had the subsequent exchange: reluctancy of business owners/managers to relinquish control of the business; contestation of uncertainty and unknowns and contention within families. This investigation paper recommends that top management of family-owned businesses ought to disentangle comprehensive descent planning and generational strategies for continuity focussing on all the forecaster variables review in the contemplation. It was also recommended that further researches be done on other factors that affect race sketch and generational change in kindred-owned other than hardware businesses in Harare Central Business District. Since the question study was conducted in Harare Central Business District only, this require it toilsome to generalise the findings to the faithful rustic, hence, it is commend that future research should concentrate on a liberal scope of family-owned businesses in dissimilar industries preference food manufacturing , construction ,electronic computer software , hotel and agriculture sectors.

Association between Perceived Family Support and the Control of Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Objective: To determine association between perceived family support and control of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: A cross-sectional study of patients with T2DM. Level of perceived family support was assessed with standardized Multidimensional Scale of perceived social support-Family scale. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were also analyzed. Pearson’s and spearman rank correlation were used to determine the strength and the direction of the relationship. The level of statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05. Results: Of the 120 participants recruited, 107 participants completed the study and the mean age was 56.9 ± 10.9 years while the mean FBG and HbA1C were 123.06 ± 32.30mg/dl and 6.13 ± 0. 68% respectively. Up to 87.9% of participants had good glycemic control. Participants with poor glycemic control was highest among patients with T2DM ≥ 4 years (p&gt;0.05). Up to 57.0% of participants had high level of perceived family support. Age was significantly associated with high perceived family support (p&lt;0.01). High perceived family support was significantly associated with good glycemic control (p&lt;0.01). High level of perceived family support had direct correlation with FBG and HbA1C. Conclusion: Participants with high-perceived family support had better glycemic control for T2DM. Physicians should involve family members in T2DM management.

Management Practice of Women in Entrepreneurship Activities of Micro Enterprise Running in Parbat District, Nepal

Correction: On 21st September 2022 the co-author was changed from Dr D.K. Maheshwari to Prof. Dr. Devendra Kumar Modi Micro-enterprises are small-scale businesses run by low-income people with government or non-government assistance. It helps people manage their daily requirements by improving their quality of life and adding value to the local economy in underdeveloped countries. They provide many small-scale jobs, raise income, increase purchasing power, and strengthen the country's economy. The major goal of this research was to find out how women micro-entrepreneurs may run their businesses as under-represented and seemingly stigmatized minority business owners. Micro businesses make managerial decisions based on individual tastes and priorities. The study discovered that the true meaning of micro-enterprise management goes beyond the standard business semantics. The study included 384 women from the Parbat district of Nepal who worked in micro-enterprises. According to the study, the participation of family members has a substantial impact on the success of a micro business. The results suggest that 99 percent of the women agreed the involvement of family members and supporters to run the enterprise. Similarly 74.50 percent women agreed that they received training to run their enterprise.