Involvement Of Other Organs Research Articles

Malakoplakia tongue : Report of a case and review of literature

Malakoplakia of genito-urinary tract is well known pathological entity. There are few case reports in the literature documenting gastrointestinal malakoplakia and rarely isolated involvement of other organs in the body is also known. To the best of our knowledge this type of lesion has hitherto not been reported in tongue. We present a case of malakoplakia tongue, briefly discussing aetiopathogenesis and reviewing the relevent literature.

Amiodarone Pulmonary Toxicity Presenting as Bilateral Exudative Pleural Effusions

Therapy with the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone has been associated with drug-related side effects. In addition to pulmonary fibrosing alveolitis, anecdotal reports have alluded to incidental pleural involvement associated with amiodarone. We describe an unusual manifestation of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity in a patient with bilateral exudative pleural effusions and toxic involvement of other organs. We review amiodarone-associated pleural reactions reported in the literature.

Enzymatic diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis in the structure of diseases of the digestive system makes up from 5.1 to 9%. Severity of clinical manifestations and outcomes of this disease, frequent involvement of other organs and systems in the pathological process make diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis a very urgent task. Till now the anamnesis is the initial point of examination of the patient and further diagnosis. In a number of cases it allows to make a preliminary diagnosis without using complicated methods of pancreas function examination. In recent years radiological, gastroduodenoscopic, angiography and echography of pancreas are often used for recognition of chronic pancreatitis.

Malignant Lymphoma of the Heart In Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Malignant lymphoma of the heart was found at autopsy of two homosexual men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Both patients had symptoms and signs of cardiac dysfunction, and it is likely that the immediate cause of their deaths was related to the cardiac tumors. In both cases, there was lymphomatous involvement of other organs, but the heart was the predominant site of disease. There was prominent endocardial and myocardial involvement, and both tumors were high grade large cell lymphomas with plasmacytoid features. In both instances, the lymphomas were diagnosed only at the autopsy, despite extensive antemortem cardiac evaluation in one patient. The clinicopathologic correlation, gross pathologic and histologic findings of the tumor, and their pattern and distribution suggest a de novo origin of the lymphoma in the heart in these two patients. Lymphomatous infiltration of the heart should be suspected in patients with AIDS who have cardiac symptoms.

The use of computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal masses

A retrospective analysis was conducted to ascertain whether computed tomography had increased diagnostic accuracy while decreasing the number of tests needed in the preoperative assessment of patients with mediastinal masses. A total of 42 patients were entered into the study: Fifteen patients were evaluated before the advent of computed tomography (No CT) and 27 patients had computed tomography during their evaluation (CT). The No CT group comprised 10 male and five female patients (2:1 ratio); the age range was 8 months to 61 years. The CT group included 15 male and 12 female patients (1.25:1.0 ratio), the age range being 21 to 70 years. In each group, both invasive and noninvasive studies were done. Although the CT group had 40 noninvasive tests, 27 were computed tomographic scans. The additional 13 noninvasive tests and the five invasive tests added no significant diagnostic information. In the No CT group, preoperative evaluation as to the cystic or solid nature of the mass was correct only four of 13 times (31%). In the CT group, 22 of 25 patients had accurate assessment as to the cystic or solid nature of the lesions (88%). In addition, extension of the mass into other structures, consistent with malignancy, was correctly diagnosed preoperatively in nine of the patients in the CT group. Two had extension of the mass at operation not preoperatively diagnosed (82% accuracy). None of the No CT group was given an assessment of possible mass extension preoperatively. The results suggest that mediastinal masses can be evaluated by computed tomography with a high degree of accuracy for predicting the nature, size, location, and involvement of other organs by the mass. The use of other tests before resection generally yields little additional information.

Indications for treatment and determination of treatment effects with primary and secondary liver tumors.

Recent developments in operative and pharmacological techniques for locoregional treatment of liver malignancies have focused the interest of oncologists on this organ. With respect to indication for treatment and determination of treatment effects of systemic chemotherapy in liver tumors, a number of questions may be formulated: 1. Is there anything specific in malignant liver disease as compared with involvement of other organs? 2. Does liver involvement modify the indication or results of systemic treatment used in disseminated cancer? 3. Is the determination of treatment effects in disseminated cancer influenced by liver involvement?

Minocycline-Related Hyperpigmentation

In the armamentarium of systemic antimicrobials used to treat the more severe forms of acne, minocycline holds a prominent position. Generally considered more effective than the first-line antibiotics, tetracycline and erythromycin, 1-3 minocycline is often administered at various dosages over relatively long periods of time to patients with acne who have not responded to more conservative regimens. A small number of these patients may eventually exhibit the unique, yet dramatic, complication of darkly pigmented staining of various body tissues, especially the skin. Since it was brought to the attention of the medical community in 1978, 4-6 minocycline-related pigmentation of the skin has been described in a variety of forms, and involvement of other organs has been reported as well. The finding of particles with positive iron-staining characteristics within macrophages in the affected tissue has been a consistent observation of most investigators and has been reproduced in the sophisticated studies of

Well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. A study of 47 patients with primary manifestation in the lung

Forty-seven cases of primary well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (WDL) of the lung were studied. Diagnosis was based on histologic identification of a lymphangitic pattern of infiltration and monomorphous (homogenous) cytologic composition. Nineteen cases (40%) had ancillary evidence supportive of a diagnosis of lymphoma including simultaneous or subsequent involvement of other organs, monoclonal immunologic markers, or a monoclonal serum gammopathy. The prognosis for the group as a whole was excellent; follow-up (median, 4 years) was available for 33 cases. Only one patient has died of lymphoma. The authors discuss the histologic differential diagnosis of lymphocytic infiltrates in the lung, propose criteria to distinguish reactive from neoplastic lymphocytic lesions, and discuss the significance of monoclonality in the management of these patients.

Pineal Cyst Associated With Polycystic Kidney Disease: Case Report

Polycystic kidney disease often is accompanied by cystic involvement of other organs. We observed a calcified cyst of the pineal in a woman with polycystic kidney disease who developed galactorrhea. It was visible on both regular x-ray and computed tomographic examination of the skull. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pineal cyst occurring in a patient with polycystic kidney disease, but the prevalence of the association is unknown. Polycystic kidney disease often is accompanied by cystic involvement of other organs. We observed a calcified cyst of the pineal in a woman with polycystic kidney disease who developed galactorrhea. It was visible on both regular x-ray and computed tomographic examination of the skull. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pineal cyst occurring in a patient with polycystic kidney disease, but the prevalence of the association is unknown.

Muscle Involvement in Sarcoidosis

In 22 patients with sarcoidosis, symptoms and signs of muscle involvement were scanty, but muscle biopsy showed epithelioid cell granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis in 11 patients (50%). Serial sectioning of the muscle biopsies increased the diagnostic yield. The incidence of muscle involvement was highest among patients with both acute sarcoidosis and erythema nodosum. Involvement of other organs was common in patients with muscle sarcoidosis. In two patients with negative scalene node biopsy and negative bronchial and transbronchial biopsies, muscle biopsy showed histological evidence of sarcoidosis. Muscle involvement is common in patients with sarcoidosis, but in many cases there are few or no symptoms. In patients with both acute sarcoidosis and erythema nodosum, muscle biopsy frequently provides histological evidence of the disease. Good cooperation with the pathologist and serial sectioning of the biopsies are necessary if muscle biopsy is to be used as a routine in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Toxicities of sea anemone ( Anemonia sulcata) polypeptides in mammals

Toxicity studies were performed with ATX I and ATX II isolated from the sea anemone, Anemonia sulcata. ld 50-values of 7·7 mg ATX I/kg and 0·31 mg ATX II/kg were obtained after i.v. application to mice. Electrocardiogram and respiratory frequency were recorded simultaneously in anesthetized guinea pigs cumulatively treated with ATX I and ATX II. An increase of the QR-voltage, delayed QT-intervals and enlarged and broadened T-waves could be registered prior to the onset of arrhythmia. Respiratory and cardiac arrest occurred almost simultaneously at about 1·5 times the arrhythmogenic toxin concentrations. At the onset of arrhythmia, elevated Na + and Ca 2+ and decreased K + were found in auricles and a slight decrease of K + in ventricles of guinea pig hearts. Investigations on isolated left auricles of guinea pigs yielded a 50% positive inotropic effect at 1·5 × 10 −5 g ATX I/ml and 5·0 × 10 -8 g ATX II/ml. Our results indicate that in mammals sea anemone toxins act on the heart leading to a pronounced positive inotropic effect and characteristic changes of the electrocardiogram at low toxin concentrations. At higher toxin concentrations arrhythmia and contracture of the heart occur suggesting that cardiac arrest is the primary cause of death, however, the involvement of other organs and organ systems at higher toxin concentrations cannot be excluded at present.

Schistosoma japonicum: Highly irradiated cercariae as a test for specific immunity in rhesus monkeys

A knowledge of the prechallenge state of immunity to schistosomes in immunized hosts is important for the study of immunoprophylaxis. In rhesus monkeys immunized with highly X-irradiated Schistosoma japonicum cercariae, the state of immunity can be determined by studying the lesions in skin which has been biopsied after a test inoculation with cercariae exposed to 48,000 R. If eosinophilic vesicles or pustules in the dermis are found at 12 hr, and if neither schistosomula nor giant cells are encountered on Day 6, the monkey may be regarded as having acquired a solid immunity. This test has been verified in three monkeys having a strong acquired resistance to schistosomes and appears to be harmless, because the cercariae used in the test die in the skin without involvement of other organs.

Cutaneous sarcoidosis treated with methotrexate

Sixteen patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis, 15 of whom also had involvement of other organs, were treated with methotrexate (MTX) orally once a week in an open study. The treatment period was from 1 to 72 months (mean 23 months). In 12 patients the skin lesions cleared, and in 3 of 4 patients who had sarcoid uveitis this cleared as well. The chest X-ray of 6 patients showed no corresponding improvement in pulmonary changes or in hilar adenopathy. Ten patients suffered side effects, usually nausea on the day MTX was taken. Two had transiently increased transaminase levels. Treatment was discontinued in 2 patients due to nausea. It is concluded that MTX is a useful alternative to systemically administered glucocorticoids in the treatment of disfiguring cutaneous sarcoidosis and sarcoid uveitis. The effect of MTX on hilar adenopathy and pulmonary sarcoidosis is uncertain.

Primary Pulmonary Histiocytosis in an Infant

A female infant had histiocytosis X confined to the lungs. There was no evidence of involvement of other organs clinically, radiologically, or at postmortem examination at the age of 12 months. She showed severe failure to thrive but had no respiratory manifestations.

Primary pulmonary nocardiosis: case report.

Hamal, P. B. (1974).Thorax, 29, 382-386. Primary pulmonary nocardiosis: a case report. A case of fulminating pulmonary nocardiosis is reported. Diagnosis was made before death but too late for treatment to be effective. At necropsy extensive multiple pulmonary abscesses with involvement of the pleura, resulting in an empyema, were discovered. One cervical node showed a similar abscess. No brain lesions nor involvement of other organs was seen. Gram-positive organisms were seen in the lesions but acid-fastness could not be demonstrated.

Bronchial Carcinoid: A Malignant Tumor

A case of metastatic bronchial carcinoid in a 14-year-old girl is described. Necropsy demonstrated unusually extensive cardiac metastases as well as involvement of other organs. This case indicates the malignant potential of so-called bronchial “adenomas” of carcinoid type. A carcinoid syndrome was not present despite significant hyperserotonemia.

Hodgkin's Disease Exclusively With Bone Marrow Involvement

To the Editor.— During the course of illness lymph node involvement may be detected in almost all patients with Hodgkin's disease. 1 Involvement of other organs such as spleen and liver is also common. 2 This report describes a patient who presented with pancytopenia. Reed-Sternberg cells were found in two bone marrow aspirations before starting chemotherapy and on bone marrow sections taken at autopsy. Neither clinical nor postmortem involvement of lymph nodes or other organs was detected. Report of a Case.— A 70-year-old man admitted to the hospital because of pancytopenia had noted only increasing fatigue and dyspnea on exertion during the previous five months. His medications included sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) and diazepam (Valium). Abnormal physical findings included pallor, petechiae over both lower extremities, and flame-shaped hemorrhages in the left fundus. There was no sternal tenderness, hepatosplenomegaly, or lymphadenopathy. Hemoglobin level was 9.8 gm/100 ml, reticulocyte count was 0.9%, mean corpuscular

Hodgkin's disease exclusively with bone marrow involvement

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During the course of illness lymph node involvement may be detected in almost all patients with Hodgkin's disease.¹Involvement of other organs such as spleen and liver is also common.²This report describes a patient who presented with pancytopenia. Reed-Sternberg cells were found in two bone marrow aspirations before starting chemotherapy and on bone marrow sections taken at autopsy. Neither clinical nor postmortem involvement of lymph nodes or other organs was detected. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 70-year-old man admitted to the hospital because of pancytopenia had noted only increasing fatigue and dyspnea on exertion during the previous five months. His medications included sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) and diazepam (Valium). Abnormal physical findings included pallor, petechiae over both lower extremities, and flame-shaped hemorrhages in the left fundus. There was no sternal tenderness, hepatosplenomegaly, or lymphadenopathy. Hemoglobin level was 9.8 gm/100 ml, reticulocyte count was 0.9%, mean corpuscular

PRIMARY CUTANEOUS HODGKIN'S DISEASE

Skin lesions are not uncommon in Summary patients with Hodgkin's disease, but in such cases they are almost always part of a general involvement of organs and glands. Where the skin is involved by histologically characteristic Hodgkin's disease tissue, the prognosis is usually thought to be poor. Three patients are described here with skinbiopsy characteristic of the disease but who are still alive 16, 91/2, and 61/2 years from the time lesions were first noted. Two have never been treated. There was no evidence of involvement of other organs. There was some evidence of impaired cellular immune response in two of them, and the significance of this is discussed in relation to the immunological aspects of Hodgkin's disease. It is suggested that there is a rare variant of Hodgkin's disease in which lesions are confined to the skin, at least for a very lengthy period, and for which the prognosis is favourable.

Calcinosis, Raynaud's Phenomenon, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia

SCLERODERMA or progressive systemic sclerosis is recognized as a disorder of connective tissue characterized by inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis. Although the disease may be chronic, the involvement of specific organ systems varies widely. Recently, a variant of scleroderma, called the CRST syndrome, has been described. 1 Patients with this disorder have skin changes such as dermal and subcutaneous calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. With the possible exception of the gastrointestinal system, involvement of other organs is uncommon, and affected individuals have a long clinical course. This report describes three additional patients with the CRST syndrome. Of further interest is the fact that one of the patients has a family history of scleroderma, the fourth such occurrence recorded in the literature. Report of Cases Case 1. —A 56-year-old white woman was admitted for the first time in May 1964, for evaluation of persistent fever. In February 1964, she had