Invisible Assets Research Articles

Az intellektuális tőke mérési lehetőségei egy vállalati példán keresztül

Our research aims to examine the “invisible value” found at UPC Magyarország Kft. Since Vodafone Magyarország Nyrt. announced the acquisition of UPC Magyarország Kft. in 2020. Our research is aimed at using different methods to determine the invisible assets, intellectual capital, and added value, which cannot be determined directly from the financial statements of UPC Magyarország Kft. Since the financial statements prepared based on accounting principles follow the principle of prudence, many assets (mainly intangible assets) are not shown in the financial statements, so they only become visible after the moment of acquisition. Three different methods were used to measure intellectual capital, then the results were compared. The three methods use different points of view to measure intellectual capital and approach the concept of intellectual capital from other points of view. The CIV method shows us the lack of intellectual capital in relation to the industry or the surplus value; The EVA indicator explicitly shows us the intellectual capital size; and the VAIC method the efficiency of intellectual capital.

The Construction and Communication of City Image by Virtual Spokespersons

Based on the different background of social role positioning, it has different influence on the shaping of city image. Virtual spokesperson is a powerful weapon for enterprises to enhance their product competitiveness. As far as city image is concerned, it plays an irreplaceable role in the construction and dissemination of city image. This paper studies how virtual spokesmen construct and spread the city image, and draws conclusions through model method and data. Virtual spokesperson is an invisible asset, and it is a costly measure to deeply explore its value. Therefore, in terms of methods, the following points should be done well. First, build a unique image based on the specific functions of virtual spokespersons; Second, improve existing functions and enhance the invisible value of virtual spokespersons; Thirdly, strengthen the image construction of virtual spokesmen to enhance their diversified effects. Based on the construction and dissemination of city image by virtual spokesmen, it is necessary to strengthen the building of virtual spokesmen, which is also an inevitable choice of city image construction.

The effect of intellectual capital efficiency on financial performance: A research on participation banks

Today, intellectual capital, which is an important element of economic development, plays a key role in increasing profitability and creating institutional value. Intellectual capital represents the invisible assets of the enterprise such as knowledge, experience and information, which will be used to create wealth in the enterprise. The efficiency of intellectual capital is important in terms of ensuring that businesses have a competitive edge in global markets and sustainable performance. This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of intellectual capital on the financial performance of participation banks. The intellectual capital performance of 6 participation banks operating in Turkey between 2016-2020 was measured through Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) Model, and the contribution of intellectual capital performance and performance components to financial performance was examined using Panel Data Analysis method. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, it was determined that intellectual capital efficiency has an effect on financial performance.

THE RESEARCH LITERATURE, EFFECTS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON THE QUANTITATİVE AND QUALITATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS IN TURKEY

Globalization, technological developments, changes in social preferences and the fact that customers become more accessible to better with cheaper prices have changed the nature of competition for businesses in the process of transition from industrial society to knowledge economy. In this competitive environment, intellectual capital is defined as the greatest competitive power for businesses. Because intellectual capital is special and unique to every business and it is the invisible assets of businesses that are known only by their own employees, covering the knowledge and skills of the employees. And businesses with intellectual capital develop and use their intellectual capital effectively; However, they can make a difference to their competitors and add value to themselves in today's competitive market. In this study, the studies are examined which made in the YÖK Thesis Center regarding the effects of intellectual capital and its sub-main factors on business performance and the importance of intellectual capital for businesses has been tried to be shown. In the studies examined, the result has been reached that intellectual capital has a positive effect on business performance.

Peran Intellectual Capital Terhadap Organizational Value

The discussion related to Intellectual Capital becomes a very interesting matter for organizations, this is because intellectual capital is an invisible asset that can have an extraordinary impact, can provide added value to the company so as to increase organizational competitiveness. Therefore, business owners (MSMEs) need to be aware of this. The purpose of this research is to examine how strategies to strengthen intellectual capital in increasing the organizational value of MSMEs. The dimensions studied in this study are Human Capital, Capital Structure, Customer Capital, and Social Capital. This type of research uses qualitative methods with a literature study approach. This human capital formation can be done through employee self-development by providing education and training. Learning about culture, infrastructure, and the right incentives to generate and disseminate knowledge are ways to strengthen the Capital Structure. Providing excellent service is an effort to retain customers. Bonding Social Capital, Bridging Social Capital, Linking Social Capital are social capital that can provide a conceptual understanding that social capital that is formed can create different results.Keywords: Intellectual capital, organizational values.

СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНА ЯКІСТЬ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Самореалізація особистості в умовах використання політики "соціальної якості" як сучасного інструменту державного управління в перехідному суспільстві значною мірою пов'язана з подоланням існуючих у особистості обмежень щодо її дій, які самореалізуються, у відповідному суспільстві та транзитивній до ринкового характеру економіці. З огляду на те, що, зокрема, в Україні ринок має гібридний характер (а це особливо важливо), існуючі обмеження в самореалізації особистості повинні долатися в тому числі, а можливо, і, в першу чергу, за рахунок трансформацій у процесах соціалізації, які відрізняються від європейської практики та інститутів, що забезпечують її реалізацію. Таким чином, ідеться про подолання не тільки і не стільки природних егоїстичних інтересів особистості, що завжди актуально, скільки існуючого відставання у відповідних навичках, які є невидимим активом забезпечення ендогенного характеру зростання економіки.Показано, що існує взаємообернений зв’язок між формуванням соціалізації та політикою "соціальної якості", якій притаманна діалектика взаємодії індивіда та колективу і яка є процесом підвищення міри соціалізації. Остання ж, завдяки взаємообумовленості, служитиме зростанню ефективності взаємодії індивіда і колективу, на основі чого розширюються можливості самореалізації особистості за умов використання європейської політики "соціальної якості" як інструменту державного управління, успішність застосування якої зумовлюють нові завдання і зміст так званої вторинної соціології.Логіка нинішнього розвитку України показує, що для досягнення цілей соцієтального розвитку, визначених в Угоді про асоціацію між Україною та Європейським Союзом, і мінімізації потенційних ризиків та загроз, які супроводжують поточні реформи українського суспільства, необхідні нові підходи. Вони повинні запроваджувати нові форми державного управління, щоб утворити взаємозв’язки політики всіх вимірів, як це пропонується, зокрема, підходом соціальної якості в соціалізації, характер яких був розкритий в попередніх публікаціях автора. Як результат, фундаментально змінюватиметься соціокультурний (соціальний) вимір, у структурі якого мають бути, передусім, трансформовані процеси соціалізації особи, завдяки чому вона засвоїть основи життєдіяльності в новій соціальній реальності й активізує свою соціальну та економічну взаємодію на засадах самореалізації, тим самим сприяючи успішності державної політики соціальної якості й досягнення стабільного соціально-економічного розвитку.

Centros y museos de arte contemporáneo ante un cambio de paradigma: el caso andaluz

Los patrones que tradicionalmente han marcado diferencias entre centros de arte y museos se han visto sometidos a profundos cambios de paradigma en las últimas décadas. La generación de colecciones propias o el depósito de ajenas han supuesto problemáticas añadidas para estas instituciones, que han pasado de ser expositores de presentes a depósitos de futuros. Posibles soluciones pasarían por la puesta en valor de fondos artísticos y la articulación de almacenes museográficos.

Intellectual capital and SMEs’ performance: A structured literature review

ABSTRACT The role played by intellectual capital (IC) is crucial in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Nonetheless, IC literature focusing on SMEs settings is limited and fragmented. This study provides a structured literature review (SLR) of existing evidence related to the effect of IC on SMEs performance. Findings show that strategic outcomes – such as innovation, knowledge management, and core competencies – and corporate performance of SMEs are impacted by IC. Further research could analyze the impact of IC on other determinants of SMEs’ performance such as learning organization, conversation management, and invisible assets.

The effect of brand value on economic growth: A multinational analysis

In the 21st century, the growth of each country's economy is now mostly influenced by the assets based on physical or non-physical grounds. These invisible assets are, as explained by various studies, supporting that they are one of the most important driving forces in the country's economy to accelerate growth. However, there is still a need for a more detailed research regarding the emergence and the impetus of this subject. This study aims to measure the effect of the intentional invisible asset on the growth of a country's economy. The correlation between the growth rates of 38 countries between 2008 and 2017 and the Top 500 brand values was analyzed for short and long-term by using the ARDL co-integration analysis. The effect of investing in national brands and increasing brand values of the country was observed to be negative in the short-term, but positive on the long-term with regards to the country's economic growth.

Implementation of Human Capital Management in HR Section of the Hang Tuah School of Health Science (STIKES) Pekanbaru

To manage people to stay ahead and be able to manage the changes of civilization in need of new ways. There is a paradigm shift in view of human positions within the organization. Man is a factor of production, man is the main driver of production and man is an organizational strategic asset. Problem Formulation: How Human Capital Management Implementation in Human Resources Department of Hang Tuah School of Health Science. Purpose of Writing: To analyze the implementation of Human Capital Management in Human Resource of Hang Tuah School of Health Science. Writing method used is descriptive analysis with case study approach. Conclusion: There is still a poor understanding of the Human Resources Manager of Human Capital as an organizational asset. According to the authors need reinforcement on the HR of Hang Tuah School of Health Science, so that all strategies and policies that have been set by the leadership can be done properly and correctly. In order for the HR Section to apply the Working Model of Excellent by integrating the managerial process and business results achieved. Need to understand and change the paradigm of the HR Manager that more and more companies are interested in using invisible assets and human capital as a way to gain more profit from competitors.

Relations of intellectual capital components in hotel companies

As an invisible asset within a company, in achieving the impact on business processes, intellectual capital uses its three components - human capital, structural capital and relational capital. The aim of the paper is to examine the interdependence between the aforementioned intellectual capital components. The research combines factor analysis and structural equation modelling on a sample of 44 hotel companies in Serbia. The results indicate the presence of a strong and positive relationship between the observed IC components. The strongest relationship is observed between relational capital and structural capital. Factor analysis confirmes grouping of the defined criteria around three factors - human, structural and relational capital.

To identify and review the effective factors of attracting and retaining professional physicians in management of social security of Tehran province and ITS subordinate units

The importance of human resource cannot be ignored in today’s global and complicated environment. The importance of human resource management and especially, human resource talent management, would appear in a point that, in the new economy, the important resource for economy, is knowledge and, in this current era, human resource knowledge is a competitive advantage and in among other manufacturing factors is as an important factor and also invisible organizational assets that, in organizational structures and process would, apply and make possible the situation to innovation. Regarding to this situations, attracting and retaining human resources in organizations are facing to its complicities and challenges, without focusing on the effective factors on it and also non-recognition, human resource management project would face with failure undoubtedly. Secondary data were collected via library study and with using of the questionnaire made by the researcher and, then, the basic information research was collected that validity and variables was verified formally and also the questionnaire reliability with a pre- testing by using of Cronbach’s Alpha test that was equal with 0.89 was verified. Statistical Society is the all professional physicians in the management of Social Security of Tehran province and its subordinate units and based on Morgan Krejcie table in 95 percent confidence level, between 1272 persons in the mentioned statistical society, 259 persons were selected as sample research. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used. Friedman test is used for ratings research’s variables by helping SPSS software. The results reveal that about 50% of female responders and the rest of that were males and over 85% of responders were physicians and about 75% of responders were having a professional PHD degree and the rest of them were having a master degree and about 61% were having job’s history who were over 20 years old. Keywords: attracting and retaining, organizational talents, talent management, human resource management, professional physicians, management of remedy social security. JEL Classification: M12. M55, O15

視点 見えざる資産の出現：無形資産と制度会計

視点 見えざる資産の出現：無形資産と制度会計

Профессиональное знание, формируемое в организации, как генератор инновационных процессов в экономике

The article examines the knowledge as an «invisible asset» of a company produced in the course of entrepreneurial activity and the activity of the company’s employees. It is assumed that the entrepreneurial knowledge generated at the company can be transmitted, generally only from one person to another, because this knowledge is difficult to not only formulate but also articulate. The article presents knowledge classification on the basis of its formalization and accessibility for business entities. The author offers the hypothesis that the type of entrepreneurial knowledge owned by the organization is a major factor in the establishment, implementation and application of innovative technologies in the economy. Calculated by the author econometric model of multiple linear regression describing the dependence of advanced manufacturing technologies developed in Russia on various factors indirectly confirms the proposed hypothesis.

The role of intellectual capital and corporate strategy on sustainable value creation

Intellectual capital is changing into an important issue for a firm's long-term profit and performance within the knowledge-based economy as many firms determine their core competence as invisible assets instead of visible assets. In this article, we example the role of intellectual capital in terms of how it affects organisational strategy. Based on a sample of Portuguese firms from diverse industries (trading, service, finance, and technology), we examine the role of top manager's judgement on the role of intellectual capital on organisational strategy. The findings reveal that Portuguese managers do acknowledge the importance of intellectual capital and its components have a significant positive relationship with firms' organisational strategy. Future research suggestions and practical implications are discussed in the article, which stress the role of intellectual capital being one of the most important assets for a firm's strategy regardless of industry structure.

The role of intellectual capital and corporate strategy on sustainable value creation

Intellectual capital is changing into an important issue for a firm's long-term profit and performance within the knowledge-based economy as many firms determine their core competence as invisible assets instead of visible assets. In this article, we example the role of intellectual capital in terms of how it affects organisational strategy. Based on a sample of Portuguese firms from diverse industries (trading, service, finance, and technology), we examine the role of top manager's judgement on the role of intellectual capital on organisational strategy. The findings reveal that Portuguese managers do acknowledge the importance of intellectual capital and its components have a significant positive relationship with firms' organisational strategy. Future research suggestions and practical implications are discussed in the article, which stress the role of intellectual capital being one of the most important assets for a firm's strategy regardless of industry structure.

Corporate Governance, Firm Risk, And Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence From Korean Firms

<p>Given that the prior studies on the relationship between corporate governance structures and firm performance are silent on firms’ social responsible roles, this study introduces an integrated model by combining corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate governance structures. This model is used to investigate how CSR moderates the relationship between corporate governance and firm risk in a sample of 640 firm-by-year cases for 215 firms listed on the Korean Stock Exchange between 2005 and 2010. The results show that foreign ownership and board size have a significant and negative relationship with firm risk, whereas management ownership and outside director ratio have no significant effect on firm risk. The results demonstrate that CSR partially moderates the relationship between governance structures (especially management ownership and board size) and firm risk. These findings suggest that Korean firms with concentrated ownership structures can leverage CSR activities as invisible assets to achieve more efficient governance structure model. </p>

SOCIAL COMPETENCE FORMATION AMONG TEENAGERS FROM HUMANIST TREND MULTIPLE-AGED GROUPS

The paper studies the problems of social development of adolescents in multiple-aged groups (MAG). Methods. The methods involve socio-personal approach, consideration of the subject in a certain ideological humanistic orientation, comparative analysis, and comparison of historical facts, the study of social phenomena of different ages, long-term scientific observations, reflections, a retrospective analysis of personal experience. Results. The author describes objective conditions for the uprise of extremist, subcultural youth of multiple-aged groups, and the reasons whence they begin to perform distinctive functions that are specific for teenagers. Options for models of MAG humanistic educational systems formed in Russian and foreign social and pedagogical practice are listed. A complex of pedagogical conditions provided for the formation of social competence of adolescents in multiple-aged associations of humanistic orientation is considered. It has been found that this type of system is characterized by the following features: the principle of voluntary association of people, independence of subjects, rapid adaptation to changing socio-cultural situation, a variety of activities by interests, alternating change of activities, conflict resolution within the team, a high level of team spirit, selfmanagement, the creative nature of educational process, upbringing, socialization and self-realization. A brief description of conditions for development of fundamental human values among adolescents and formation of new specific complicated humanistic human and personal relations in global world is given. Scientific novelty. The author studies the following concepts: educational system of multiple-aged associations, teenager social competence, ambivalent behavior, emotional and moral compass of personality, invisible assets of the team, emergent effect of multiple-aged groups, inter-age communication. It was found that the specificity of MAG educational potential is determined by the conditions for the appearance of multiple-aged associations as a system-forming principle; all members of association are freely operating subjects, which consciously accept external restrictions caused by multiple-aged membership of participants of any activity. Relations of freedom, an openness, trust, equality, safety, collective unity in MAG provide introduction of emerging effect of display of the hidden assets of a personality. The substantial part of MAG space allows to create for its each member enough of educational reality situations and representations about actions in them that creates conditions for positive changes both the separate person, and all community as a whole. The humanistic orientation of MAG activity is that it’s each participant, joining cultural traditions, ethnic, civil and universal values, adopting life experience of others, keeps own uniqueness. Practical significance. Based on the Children and Youth Public Centre «Carabela» that has been working in Yekaterinburg for more than fifty years, the author discloses how to use the technology of inter-age communication and interaction to provide the continuity of traditions, to preserve historical memory, to transfer humanistic ideas in the chain of generations, and to create personality with sound emotional and moral compass. It is shown that, on the one hand, subjective component complicates the educational system, but on the other – simplifies basic processes, functions, qualities, factors and connections of the whole educational system; provides the link between «educational and practical life»; allows teachers to align the ambivalent process of formation of social competence among adolescents.

Empirical Study on Senior Managers and Performances in Companies of High-Tech based on SPSS Software Regression Analysis

Different from the separation between ownership and corporate right of control in traditional companies, human capital and the invisible assets under its control contributes more to the corporate value in high-tech companies than the visible ones. There are many differences between the corporate governance in high-tech companies and the standardized ones, some of which are even essential differences. Such differences come mainly from the value of human capital and collective cooperation in high-tech companies. An empirical study can be conducted here on senior managers’ characteristics and performances of high-tech companies by SPSS software. The results indicate that in the heated competition among high-tech companies there is a significant positive correlation between ROE and Tobin’s Q, and between ROE and the summation of proportion of stocks held by senior managers, and also between ROE and the average salary of senior managers. It is suggested that high-tech companies should well select the managers, increase the proportion of stocks held by them and improve the salary system for them, and all of these will lead to the reduction of the agency cost and also the improvement of company’s performances.

Adjustment Dynamics of Bilateral Trade Flows: Theory and Evidence

SummaryIn this paper, I introduce a trade-promoting ‘invisible asset’ into the standard Krugman(1980) model of international trade. It can be interpreted as trust that accumulates as an externality in proportion to successful international transactions. I use this framework to theoretically derive a dynamic gravity equation and to discuss adjustment dynamics. I provide new evidence on adjustment rates of bilateral trade flows. On average, 23% of the gap to the steady-state trade flow are closed each year. However, dynamic regressions yield long-run trade policy effects which are comparable to static estimates.