Investigation In England Research Articles

The Americas

The Americas

The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States.

The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States.

The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States. Edited by Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner. Cambridge: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 440. $49.95.

The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States. Edited by Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner. Cambridge: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 440. $49.95.

The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States

Foreword Michael J. Lacey Part I. Knowledge and Government: 1. Social investigation, social knowledge, and the state: an introduction Michael J. Lacey and Mary O. Furner 2. The science of the legislator: the Enlightenment heritage Donald Winch Part II. Empiricism and the New Liberalism: 3. Experts, investigators, and the state in 1860: British social scientists through American eyes Lawrence Goldman 4. The world of the bureaus: government and the positivist project in the late nineteenth century Michael J. Lacey 5. The republican tradition and the new liberalism: social investigation, state building, and social learning in the gilded age Mary O. Furner 6. The state and social investigation in Britain, 1880-1914 Roger Davidson Part III. Pluralism, Skepticism, and the Modern State: 7. Think tanks, antistatism, and democracy: the nonpartisan ideal and policy research in the United States, 1913-1987 Donald T. Critchlow 8. Social investigation and political learning in the financing of World War I W. Elliot Brownlee 9. The state and social investigation in Britain between the world wars Barry Supple 10. War mobilization, institutional learning, and state building in the United States, 1917-1941 Robert D. Cuff Index.

The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States.

The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States.

UK NIREX geological investigations at Sellafield

SUMMARY Geological investigations of the Sellafield area, west Cumbria by UK NIREX Ltd are part of a site characterization process to assess its suitability for the construction of an underground radioactive waste repository. The geological characterization is an input to the NIREX post-Closure Safety Assessment. This will address all aspects of post-closure radiological safety of the repository, particularly the potential for radionuclide migration in groundwater back to the surface (the biosphere) through the various geological units (the geosphere). This characterization forms the largest geotechnical investigation in Britain and encompasses scales of study from ‘large scale, regional’, covering north-west England and the East Irish Sea Basin to ‘microscopic’, requiring detailed examination of drill cores and individual rock fractures.

In‐service Education and Training outside the United Kingdom: a case study in consulting

ABSTRACT This paper is aimed at teacher educators engaged in consultancy work in primary education. It describes the author's experience of classroom‐based and staff workshop‐based in‐service education and training (INSET) in science in an independent primary school in the Mediterranean area. The paper outlines the process of negotiation and delivery of an appropriate programme to meet the perceived needs of the school. During the programme some action‐based research was undertaken in the area of scientific investigations, focusing on children's ability to handle numerical data. Children's performance in this area is compared to some of the findings of a research project in science investigations in England. The author envisages a demand for more overseas INSET as initial teacher training becomes more school‐based. Effective INSET needs a period of pre‐ and post‐consultation.

A multicentre audit of hospital referral for radiological investigation in England and Wales. Royal College of Radiologists Working Party.

A baseline audit of radiology referral practice before the introduction of a strategy for change involving guidelines of good practice, monitoring, and peer review. Prospective data collection over a continuous 12 months period at each centre sometime between January 1987 and December 1989. Five district general hospitals and one district health authority. 159,421 inpatient discharges, deaths, and day cases and 861,370 outpatient attendances under the care of 722 consultants from 25 clinical specialties. Monitoring of x ray examination referrals per 100 inpatient discharges, deaths, and day cases and per 100 new outpatient attenders after establishment of a computerised data collection system. Referral rates for all x ray examinations varied between firms in the same specialty or sub-specialty by as much as eightfold for inpatients and 13-fold for outpatients, and for chest x ray examination by as much as ninefold for inpatients and 25-fold for outpatients. There was no consistent relation between high referral and teaching status of the centre or specialty or subspecialty. The variation that persisted at all levels of disaggregation of the data supports a recent suggestion that at least a fifth of x ray examinations carried out in Britain may be clinically unhelpful. An intervention study that examines the effect of guidelines of good practice and attendant peer review procedures on the baseline referral levels described above is needed to test this hypothesis further.

G6PD Punjab, a dialysis sensitive variant of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Erythrocyte samples from 101 individuals, originally from Punjab and living at the time of investigation in England, were screened for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants by Beutler’s fluorescent spot test and standard cellulose acetate gel (Cellogel) electrophoresis. All but 2 of the 40 males in the study were found to be indistinguishable from normal G6PD B. One of the variants had 2% of the normal activity and resembled G6PD Mediterranean in electrophoretic behaviour. The other variant showed 52% of the normal activity and migrated slower than G6PD B in Cellogel with about half of the normal band intensity. A set of physicochemical characteristics of the variant determined by conventional methods distinguished it from the variants reported so far. It was designated as G6PD Punjab, and the corresponding allele asG6PD PUN. The most striking feature of G6PD Punjab is a remarkable alteration in its electrophoretic behaviour after dialysis.

Educational Television and the Curriculum for Children up to the Age of Seven Years

AbstractThe results of a three‐year investigation in England and Wales into the way educational television was used by 259 teachers of children up to the age of seven years indicated that only a few teachers were using the medium effectively. Class viewing and mass viewing of programmes were the normal methods, even when a video‐recorder was available. In most instances the video‐recorder was used for timetable convenience, and‘view and follow‐up’the common practice. These factors, together with a lack of continuity between programmes and separation from other activities the children were pursuing, suggested that educational television was isolated from other aspects of the curriculum. The findings indicated the necessity for a course on educational television to be included in the initial training of teachers, the need for a vastly increased in‐service programme for serving teachers and the provision of adequate resources.

THE SELF-CONCEPTS OF BLACK AND WHITE DELINQUENTS

Despite the wide range of research which has been carried out in Britain and America, there is little published work on the self-concepts of British teenage black delinquents. The present study investigates this question, using a modified version of Berger's (1952) acceptance of self scale, with a sample of 20 black and 20 white male subjects resident in a youth custody centre. In contrast to most previous research findings showing British blacks to have significantly lower levels of self-concept than whites, the group of black delinquents in this research had a marginally higher mean score than the matched white delinquent group. Although the difference between the mean scores is not statistically significant, the findings are in line with the trends observed in American research (Taylor & Walsh, 1979) towards an increase in black self-concept. It is suggested that research into the comparative levels of black and white self-concept in different settings would merit further investigation in Britain.

Initial appraisal of ground probing radar for site investigation in Britain : Darracott, B W; Lake, M I Ground Engng, V14, N3, April 1981, P14–18

This article describes the equipment and the use of the method on a number of typical site investigations. The results of the tests are given and some of the problems and limitations of UK are discussed. The system used was that manufactured by Geophysical Survey Systems Inc (GSSI) of New Hampshire, USA, and is designed primarily as a shallow sub-surface exploration tool for engineering applications. The radiated signal is in the form of an electromagnetic 3 nano second transient in the low vhf range. Reflected waves can be displaced on a chart recorder calibrated in terms of depth. The resolution depends upon the pulse length and the frequency of the signals. Soil conductivity places the greatest limitations on the use of radar, but in favourable conditions penetration of up to 30 metres can be obtained. Results from the nine tests in various conditions described show that the technique appears to work well in sandy soils where ground water is fresh and in rocks. It is best used where known targets such as pipes, sewers or old foundations are being searched for. The system does not work at all well in areas where there are near-surface clays. (TRRL)

British depository arrangements for official publications

This paper was presented at the International Documents Task Force Workshop, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November, 1974. Given at the session on National Depository Systems, it represents the result of her investigations in England as a 1973/74 Fellow of the Council on Library Resources.

Opportunist mycobacterial pulmonary infection and occupational dust exposure: An investigation in England and wales

This paper reports a study in England and Wales in which the industrial and non-industrial dust exposures and smoking habits of those whose pulmonary disease was due to opportunist mycobacterial infection were compared with a control group of similar age and same sex whose infection was with M. tuberculosis.Of 70 males, 53 were found to be infected with M. kansasi, 9 with M. xenopi, 6 with M. intracellulare and 2 with other opportunist mycobacteria. Only 8 females were found, of whom 5 were infected with M. kansasi, and 3 with M. intracellulare.Those infected with M. kansasi were on average 6·5 years younger than those infected with other opportunist mycobacteria.There was no evidence of differences between patients infected with M. kansasi and their controls in various indices of past exposure to dust. A significantly higher proportion of patients infected with M. kansasi gave a history of current dust exposure at the time of diagnosis than patients infected with M. tuberculosis. There was an apparent association between infection with M. kansasi and exposure to the dusts of the metal grinding trades, but no association with a previous history of coal mining. The study suggests that the systematic establishment of the current occupations of all new patients suffering from disease due to M. kansasi should enable the occupations with high risk to be identified.

Mini-Dose Heparin

SummaryMini-dose heparin has demonstrated a significant decrease in postoperative deep venous thrombosis as manifested by 125I fibrinogen venous limb scans. Whether a similar benefit in lethal pulmonary emboli can be demonstrated is currently under active investigation in England and the Continent. If this European multicenter trial yields a positive result, a safe method for the primary prevention of postoperative pulmonary emboli will have been established. Such a result would encourage evaluation of mini-dose heparin for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism among patients with acute myocardial infarction and perhaps for arterial thrombosis complicating coronary arterial bypass surgery.The late Carl V. Moore, when told of the original Kakkar trial and the rationale behind it, said “well, if it doesn’t work, it ought to!” That may be the way many sympathetic investigators, myself included, feel about mini-dose heparin, but in the end everyone knows that the decisions will be based on hard data.

Maternal attitudes to child socialization: some social and national differences.

The finding of Sears, Maccoby & Levin (1957) that in the U.S.A. middle‐class mothers are more permissive and less punitive in socializing their children than working‐class mothers was made the basis of a similar investigation in Britain. It was found (1) that in Britain also middle‐class mothers are more permissive and less punitive towards their children's unsocialized behaviour; (2) British mothers as a whole are less permissive and more punitive than American mothers.

Neurological Investigation in Britain from 1800 to the Founding of the National Hospital

Neurological Investigation in Britain from 1800 to the Founding of the National Hospital

Immunity to poliomyelitis.

Excerpt The Board of Regents of the American College of Physicians has conferred a great honor on me and on the University and the Institute, which I represent, and on the country from which I come...

Prof. L. Bairstow, C.B.E., F.R.S.

THE retirement of Prof. L. Bairstow from the post of Zaharoff professor of aeronautics in the University of London marks the departure of a pioneer from the scientific side of aviation. Bairstow began his work on aerodynamics so long ago as 1909. He was then on the scientific staff of the Engineering Department of the National Physical Laboratory, and when it was decided to undertake aerodynamic research in the Laboratory, he was charged with the formation of a small group of workers and the carrying out of research under the general control of the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. He very quickly justified the confidence placed in him and began to lay the foundations of the new science. Seeing at once the fundamental importance to aerodynamics of the theory of dynamic similarity, he initiated experiments in air and water to prove its truth to the unbelieving. By 1911, he and his collaborators had made a number of investigations on wind tunnel design and had succeeded in producing what was the first really satisfactory wind tunnel in Britain. About the same time he was studying the theory of the stability of aeroplanes, as laid down by Bryan, which he extended very greatly as time went on and generalized to cover all six degrees of freedom. He employed the wind tunnel to measure aerodynamic stability derivatives, and by using the values so obtained in the light of the theory, he produced the first clear account of the disturbed motions of aircraft, and established the fundamental basis of all later developments in this field. He even traced the motion of an aeroplane as it flew through a prescribed gust. An example of his experimental versatility was an attempt to investigate the motions of airships by tests on models about six inches long in a water stream flowing at a few inches a second. He was responsible for the first investigation in Britain on the subject of flutter, and he contributed much to the knowledge of practical flying by his investigations of flying accidents. The Aerodynamics Division of the National Physical Laboratory, as it exists to-day, owes Prof. Bairstow an immense debt of gratitude for the work he did in establishing it. This work was recognized in 1917 by the award of the C.B.E., and by his election to the fellowship of the Royal Society.

Industrial investigations in England.

Industrial investigations in England.