Investigation Committee Research Articles

Radiographic Measurements Correlate to Isolated Posterolateral Corner (PLC) Injury in a Novel Cadaveric Model.

Injury to the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee often requires surgical reconstruction. There remains no consensus on treatment for PLC injury, and, therefore, it is imperative to have a reproducible injury model to improve the general knowledge of PLC injuries. A novel cadaveric model of isolated PLC injury is proposed and evaluated using radiographic parameters as well as gross dissection. All protocols were reviewed by the Human Investigation and Research Committee of the home institution and were approved. Translational force in a defined posterior and lateral direction was applied to cadaveric native knees to induce PLC injury. Varus and recurvatum stress fluoroscopic imaging was obtained of each specimen before and after the injury model. Lateral joint distance and recurvatum angle after stress was measured on each image via picture archiving and communication software (PACS) imaging software. After the injury model, injured structures were assessed via saline loading and gross dissection. Any specimens found to be fractured were excluded from the analysis of stress radiography. A total of 12 knees underwent testing and 6/12 successfully induced PLC injury without fracture. The lateral capsule was torn in every specimen. The popliteofibular ligament (PFL) was torn in 83% of specimens and the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) in 66.7% of specimens. The median lateral gapping after injury under varus stress radiography was 5.39 mm and the median recurvatum angle after injury was 14.25°. Radiographic parameters had a direct relationship with a number of structures injured. This is the first successful cadaver model of PLC injury. The lateral capsule was injured in every specimen emphasizing the importance of this structure to the PLC.

Progestin Primed Ovarian Stimulation (PPOS) protocol yields lower euploidy rate in older patients undergoing IVF

BackgroundTo explore if exogenous progestin required for progestin primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol compromises the euploidy rate of patients who underwent preimplantation genetic testing cycles when compared to those who received the conventional gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed 128 preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles performed from January 2018 to December 2021 in a single university hospital-affiliated fertility center. Infertile women aged 27 to 45 years old requiring PGT-A underwent either PPOS protocol or GnRH-antagonist protocol with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for fertilization. Frozen embryo transfers were performed following each PGT-A cycle. Data regarding the two groups were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).ResultsPatients who underwent PPOS treatment had significantly reduced blastocyst formation rate and euploidy rate compared to those who received the GnRH antagonist protocol. Subgroup-analysis was performed by stratifying patients’ age into elder and young subgroups (elder: ≥ 38-year-old, young: < 38-year-old). In the elder sub-population, the blastocyst formation rate of the PPOS group was significantly lower than that of the GnRH-antagonist group (45.8 ± 6.1% vs. 59.9 ± 3.8%, p = 0.036). Moreover, the euploidy rate of the PPOS group was only about 20% of that of the GnRH-antagonist group (5.4% and 26.7%, p = 0.006). In contrast, no significant differences in blastocyst formation rate (63.5 ± 5.7% vs. 67.1 ± 3.2%, p = 0.45) or euploidy rate (30.1% vs. 38.5%, p = 0.221) were observed in the young sub-population. Secondary outcomes, which included implantation rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and miscarriage rate, were comparable between the two treatment groups, regardless of age.ConclusionWhen compared to the conventional GnRH-antagonist approach, PPOS protocol could potentially reduce the euploidy rate in aging IVF patients. However, due to the retrospective nature of this study, the results are to be interpreted with caution. Before the PPOS protocol is widely implemented, further studies exploring its efficacy in larger populations are needed to define the optimal patient selection suitable for this method.Trial registrationHuman Investigation and Ethical Committee of Chang Gung Medical Foundation (202200194B0).

Visual and quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of non-vascularized bone grafting in osteonecrosis of the femoral head via CT-based radiomics and clinical data

To investigate the value of CT-based radiomics and clinical data in predicting the efficacy of non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG) in hip preservation, and to construct a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation. Between June 2009 and June 2019, 153 patients (182 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) who underwent NVBG for hip preservation were included, and the training and testing sets were divided in a 7∶3 ratio to define hip preservation success or failure according to the 3-year postoperative follow-up. The radiomic features of the region of interest in the CT images were extracted, and the radiomics-scores were calculated by the linear weighting and coefficients of the radiomic features after dimensionality reduction. The clinical predictors were screened using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The radiomics model, clinical model, and clinical-radiomics (C-R) model were constructed respectively. Their predictive performance for the efficacy of hip preservation was compared in the training and testing sets, with evaluation indexes including area under the curve, C-Index, sensitivity, specificity, and calibration curve, etc. The best model was visualised using nomogram, and its clinical utility was assessed by decision curves. At the 3-year postoperative follow-up, the cumulative survival rate of hip preservation was 70.33%. Continued exposure to risk factors postoperative and Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) staging were clinical predictors of the efficacy of hip preservation, and 13 radiomic features derived from least absolute shrinkage and selection operator downscaling were used to calculate Rad-scores. The C-R model outperformed both the clinical and radiomics models in predicting the efficacy of hip preservation 1, 2, 3 years postoperative in both the training and testing sets ( P<0.05), with good agreement between the predicted and observed values. A nomogram constructed based on the C-R model showed that patients with lower Rad-scores, no further postoperative exposure to risk factors, and B or C1 types of JIC staging had a higher probability of femoral survival at 1, 2, 3 years postoperatively. The decision curve analysis showed that the C-R model had a higher total net benefit than both the clinical and radiomics models with a single predictor, and it could bring more net benefit to patients within a larger probability threshold. The prediction model and nomogram constructed by CT-based radiomics combined with clinical data is a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation, which can predict the efficacy of NVBG before surgery and has a high value of clinical application.

Dynamics of Livestock Development in the Individual and Public Sectors of Agriculture of the Urals in 1946–1965

Based on the materials stored in the Russian State Archives of Economics of the Central Investigative Committee of the USSR, the development of animal husbandry in the individual and public sectors of agriculture of the Urals in the post-war twentieth anniversary is being investigated. The dynamics of production of four main types of livestock products (meat, milk, eggs, wool) in each of the seven studied republics and regions of the Ural Economic Region was analyzed. The influence of the state's socio-economic policy on the dynamics of livestock development in the private and public sectors of agriculture is shown. It is concluded that in the period under study, the complete socialization of the agrarian sector did not occur.

Drug Trafficking Problems and Approaches to Prevention in Armenia: Expert Opinions

Considering the detrimental impact of drugs and the prevailing issue in our country, the Scientific Research Center of Applied Problems in Criminology at the National Bureau of Expertise of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia conducted an expert survey. The objective was to determine the extent of drug trafficking, factors influencing it, the social groups most affected, the common drugs used, sales mechanisms, and strategies employed to combat drug trafficking. The survey involved 16 experts representing the police, the Investigative Committee, and the prosecutor's office. The results of the study include risk analysis and methodology to prevent drug trafficking in Armenia within the regional context.

Особенности структуры профессионального правосознания сотрудника Следственного комитета Российской Федерации

The article indicates the levels of professional legal awareness of the investigator. In the context of improving and tightening the requirements for employees of the Investigative Committee, it is becoming increasingly important to determine the features of professional legal awareness, which develops both in the course of obtaining professional education, and in the direct passage of public service, the exercise of the functions of a representative of power. Along with the “traditional” division of the elements of legal consciousness into legal psychology and legal ideology, in the context of the investigator's law enforcement activities, the legal position is separately distinguished — as a set of ideas of an employee of the investigating authorities about the general principles and practice of applying procedural and substantive legislation.

P-486 Alterations in endometrial programming lead to recurrent in vitro fertilization failures

Abstract Study question Could patients with recurrent implantation failures (RIF) display alterations on the decidualization program conditioning decidual cells’ functions and the inflammatory response during peri-implantation period? Summary answer Endometrium from RIF-patients displays alterations into the decidualization program and into the induction of a physiological inflammation preventing the attachment and cell-migration for embryo implantation What is known already The decidualization program starts on each menstrual cycle and implies not only phenotypical changes on the endometrial stromal cells, but also in their secretory profile. Moreover, this process induces a physiological and sterile inflammatory response associated with inflammatory mediators production, such as IL-1β. At the same time, several molecules associated with receptivity are modulated; increasing the expression of adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases, while decreasing MUC-1 to allow embryo attachment and implantation. Even nowadays with different techniques that can identify a competent embryo and the implantation window, RIF-patients cannot reach implantation and the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated yet. Study design, size, duration First, a bioinformatic analysis was performed using standardized pathways involved in angiogenesis, placentation, decidualization, inflammation and immune regulation from public databases (Reactome, Gene Ontology Biological Process, WikiPathways, KEGG). Based on arrays that compare gene expression in endometrial biopsies from RIF or fertile women, we selected those that connect two or more processes and we validated their modulation in endometrial samples. Functional processes, such as migration and inflammatory production were also evaluated in primary cultures. Participants/materials, setting, methods Endometrial samples were obtained from fertile and RIF patients during the secretory phase. The Investigation and Ethics Committee from San Isidro, Argentina approved this study. RT-qPCR was performed to test decidualization markers: IGFBP1, PRL, PGR; inflammation: IL-1β, NLRP3, PTGS1; angiogenesis balance : CXCL14, ARG2, VEGFA; adhesion molecules: ITGA8 and MUC1. IL-1β production was quantified by Flow Cytometry. Wound healing assay was performed in human endometrial stromal cells derived from cell line and RIF patient’s biopsy Main results and the role of chance First, we performed bioinformatic analysis based on standardized pathways in public databases. We focused on genes that connected and were modulated in processes involved in implantation, angiogenesis, placentation, decidualization, inflammation and immune regulation. Then, we validated the expression of 15 genes with the highest score in biopsies from RIF or fertile women taken on LH + 7. We found decreased IGFBP1 expression, an early decidualization marker, and the progesterone receptor (p &amp;lt; 0.0001), suggesting alterations in the decidualization program. Since inflammation is associated with decidualization, we evaluated the IL-1β pathway. RIF biopsies had reduced expression of NLRP3, associated with inflammasome assembly, accompanied by a reduction in PTGS1 and IL-1β production in comparison with endometrial samples from fertile women. Moreover, when we evaluated genes involved in processes regulated by inflammation, we observed increased expression of MUC1, avoiding blastocyst adhesion, and decreased ITGA8 preventing its attachment accompanied by decreased MMP9 levels (p &amp;lt; 0.005). Also, we observed an imbalance between pro and anti-angiogenic factors (VEGFA vs CXCL14). Finally, we isolated and cultivated stromal cells from RIF samples to analyze migration ability, a process that mediates blastocyst inclusion into the decidua, by wound healing assay. These primary cultures showed a differential migration pattern compared with decidualized stromal cells. Limitations, reasons for caution The present results were obtained using endometrial samples from RIF patients and fertile women obtained during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Even though the samples represent the endometrium after in vivo decidualization, further studies are necessary to elucidate whether these mechanisms operate similarly in vivo. Wider implications of the findings Decidualization process induces a physiological and sterile inflammatory response associated with the modulation of several adhesion molecules and MMP to allow the attachment and embryo implantation. However, this initial inflammatory response is differentially induced in RIF patients in comparison with fertile women, suggesting its relevance as a potential pharmacological target. Trial registration number This work was funded by the National Agency of Sciences and Technology ANPCyT (PICT 2018-4715 and PICT 2028-2461 to RR) and University of Buenos Aires (UBACyT UBACyT 20020090200034 to RR).

Legislative Attacks on the Prosecutor’s Office of the Kyrgyz Republic as Evidence of the Absence of a Certain Scientifically Based Position of State Policy in the Field of Crime Prevention

The author seeks to show how the unreasonable proposals of individual deputies of the Parliament (Jogorku Kenesh) of the Kyrgyz Republic in the form of relevant legislative initiatives to deprive the prosecutor of the authority to initiate and investigate a criminal case actually nullify the active participation of the prosecutor’s office in the fight against crime. International documents and the logic of adversarial criminal proceedings in the Kyrgyz Republic unequivocally testify in favor of the prosecutor’s independent decision on the issue of criminal prosecution. The author is a consistent supporter of the idea that the official position, the level of professional training, the high degree of responsibility for the assigned case make it possible to see in the prosecutor a representative of the country's law enforcement system, capable of solving the most difficult tasks of ensuring the rule of law, including those related to the implementation of the function of criminal prosecution, especially at such a time of crisis for the Kyrgyz economy, when it is absolutely inexpedient and groundless to create any pseudo analogies of the Financial Police or the Investigative Committee.

The Erroneous Decision of the Legislator to Exclude the Prosecutor from Among the Active Subjects of the Stage of Initiating a Criminal Case and the Artificiality of the Structure of the Investigative Committee in the Kyrgyz Republic

The issues of the system of checks and balances in relation to the criminal process in the Kyrgyz Republic are considered, the role and place of the prosecutor’s office in the system of state bodies in the implementation of criminal prosecution are analyzed. Criticism of the idea of separating the investigation from the state prosecution is presented, including the groundlessness and inferiority for the Kyrgyz Republic of creating the so-called Investigative Committee. It substantiates the need to retain a number of procedural powers for the prosecutor's office to initiate criminal cases, as well as to empower the prosecutor's office with the authority to oversee the implementation of laws by citizens, by analogy with the supreme supervision of the prosecutor's office in the USSR.

Elephant in the China Shop: the Uyghur Pyrrhic Victory

Abstract Mostly unknown to the public, the Uyghurs, a Muslim minority of some 12 million in northwest China, have gained international prominence since the 2010s. Their Diaspora, headed by the World Uyghur Congress, has managed to convince the West that Beijing’s persecution of their kin in Xinjiang amounts to “genocide”, prompting condemnations, sanctions and boycotts on China. Not denying Chinese oppression of Uyghurs, I argue that the “genocide” claims are not only false but, moreover, counterproductive. Primarily motivated by an anti-China policy, whatever the findings of “investigation committees” and self-appointed “tribunals”, they hardly care about the Uyghurs. Contrary to expectations, no Islamic countries have criticized China; all the condemnations come from Western countries, themselves stained by “real” genocides, incomparably more brutal than what allegedly happened in China. In retrospect, the Uyghurs may have won a virtual, short-term, Pyrrhic victory, but actually failed completely. A real victory should, and perhaps could, have been won quietly and directly, not loudly and offensively.

EXPERT FORENSIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOIL INVESTIGATION IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

The article analyses the problems of establishing factual circumstances of environmental violations against soils, presents examples from the judicial practice, shows the possibilities of using special knowledge when considering cases relating to negative anthropological impact on soil-geological objects. The following methods were used in the research: observation, analysis, synthesis, description, comparison. It is substantiated the need for wider application of results of forensic examination of geological evidence in the administration of justice. The most effective and science-based form of using special knowledge is forensic environmental examination and particularly geological evidence examination or forensic environmental and soil expertise. Such kind of examinations are actively carried out in FBE «Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation» and in FSPI «Forensic Expert Centre of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation». It is given an example of a complex forensic environmental examination. Proposals are presented to expand the range of persons conducting forensic environmental and soil examinations.

Retraction.

Ma, H., Li, S.-Y., Xu, P., Babcock, S.A., Dolence, E.K., Brownlee, M., Li, J. and Ren, J. (2009), Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) accumulation and AGE receptor (RAGE) up-regulation contribute to the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 13: 1751-1764. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00547.x. The above article, published online on 13 October 2008 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between, the journal Editor in Chief, Stefan Constantinescu, The Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as requested by The University of Wyoming. Following a review, a university investigation committee found evidence of data irregularities and image reuse in Figure 5 that significantly affect the results and conclusions reported in the manuscript. As a result, the article's conclusions can no longer be considered valid.

Analyzing reactor water level measurements in the Fukushima Daiichi 1 accident

Measuring the water level in the Fukushima Daiichi reactors was based on measuring the pressure difference between two pipes, connected to the reactor at different elevations and filled with water. Boiling of the water in the measurement system distorted the measurements. The water level readings during the unit 1 accident were analyzed with the MELCOR code. The behavior of the measurement system can be reproduced by assuming a small leak of superheated steam from a steam line to the drywell before 6.5 h after the earthquake. This confirms earlier conclusions of a Japanese accident investigation committee and analyses performed by TEPCO. The steam leak did not have any significant effect on the cesium release to the environment.

Qualitative Case Analysis on the Aspect of Schools’ Concealment of School Violence

이 연구의 목적은 학교폭력 축소·은폐의 양상을 드러내는 것이다. 이를 위해 최근 10년 이내에 학교폭력 축소·은폐를 목격한 경험이 있는 전·현직 학교 교원 5명을 대상으로 심층 면담을 실시하고, 언론을 통해 보도된 주요 학교폭력 축소·은폐 사건 및 정부 공식 문건에서 인용된 7건의 사건 자료를 수집해 학교폭력 축소·은폐가 발생한 학교의 모습에 대한 다중사례 분석을 실시하였다. 학교폭력 축소·은폐의 양상을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선 학교폭력 축소·은폐가 발생하는 수준은 크게 학교 전체 수준, 주요 관련자(예: 학교장-중간 관리자-교사) 수준, 교사 개인 수준이었다. 그리고 학교폭력 축소·은폐가 발생하는 구체적인 형태로는 수동-방어적 형태나 공격-방어적 형태가 있었다. 수동-방어적 형태는 학교폭력 제도의 형식적 수행, 책임 회피와 합리화, 학교폭력 인지·감지 사실의 숨김, 의도적 사안 처리 지연, 조사 불성실 등과 같이 소극적·수동적인 모습이었다. 공격-방어적 형태는 신고 철회 유도와 협박, 책임 전가 및 비난과 보복, 서류 조작과 허위 진술 종용, 학교폭력대책자치위원회 임의 구성과 결과 유도, 사후 정보 접근 방해, 외부와의 접촉 차단과 인상 관리 등과 같이 적극적·공격적인 모습이었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 학교 조직과 일반 조직에서 발생하는 축소·은폐의 유사점과 차이점을 논의한 뒤, 정책적으로는 학교폭력 축소·은폐의 보다 구체적인 정의와 양상에 대한 공론화를, 학술적으로는 학교 조직 특성을 고려한 안전한 공익 제보 환경 및 보복 최소화 방안 마련에의 후속 연구 요청을 제언하였다.The purpose of this study is to reveal the aspect of schools’ concealment of schoeol violence. To this end, a qualitative multi-case study was implemented by conducting in-depth interviews and collecting materials reported through the media and official government documents. The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, the level of concealment of school violence could be divided into cases occurring at the level of the entire school, the level of major related people (e.g., principal, middle manager, teacher line), and the individual level of teachers. In addition, looking at the specific form in which school violence is concealed, it could be largely divided into passive-defensive forms or offensive-defensive forms. Specifically, passive-defensive forms such as implementing procedures fraudulently, avoiding responsibility and rationalization, hiding the facts that they recognize or detect school violence, delaying in handling issues intentionally, and investigating unfaithfully. Attack-defensive forms such as inducing withdrawal of reports and threatening, shifting responsibility with blame and retaliation, urging document manipulation and false statements, inducing predetermined results by the voluntary composition of the investigative committee, obstructing access to follow-up information, blocking contact with the outside and managing impression. Based on these results, the academic discussions and the requirements necessary to reduce schools’ concealment of school violence were suggested.

Предупреждение преступлений коррупционной направленности в процессе их расследования

Рассмотрена деятельность следователя по предупреждению преступлений коррупционной направленности на этапе их расследования. Проведен анализ состояния, устремленности и тенденций данной деятельности. Обращено внимание на недостаточную эффективность регламентированных законодательством действий следователя в аспекте реализации мер предупреждения коррупционных преступлений. В соответствии с Уголовно-процессуальным кодексом Республики Беларусь следователь обязан выявлять причины и условия, способствовавшие совершению коррупционных преступлений. В дальнейшем он выносит представление об устранении выявленных причин и условий совершения преступления либо воздерживается от таких действий, руководствуясь своим усмотрением в пределах предоставленного права. В связи с этим предложено на уровне закона закрепить обязанность следователя принимать меры реагирования в случае выявления причин и условий совершения преступления. Автор указывает на вероятные направления следственной деятельности в связи с необходимостью предупреждения коррупционных преступлений. Одним из таких направлений представляется реализация предупредительных мер индивидуального характера в отношении участников уголовного процесса. Объектами предупредительного воздействия, осуществляемого в процессе производства следственных действий, выступают подозреваемые (обвиняемые), а в ряде случаев — и иные участники уголовного судопроизводства. Иное направление осуществления мер предупреждения коррупционных преступлений разворачивается за пределами расследованного уголовного дела. В этой ситуации объектами предупредительно-профилактической работы следователя являются организация (учреждение), в котором произошло коррупционное преступление, её руководящий состав, а также неопределённый круг иных лиц, профессиональная или служебная деятельность которых осуществляется в данной организации (учреждении). В качестве самостоятельного направления противодействия коррупционным преступлениям автор предлагает совместную профилактическую деятельность, участниками которой выступают следователи, расследовавшие уголовные дела о коррупционных деяниях, и специализированное подразделение Следственного комитета. Осуществление предупредительнопрофилактической деятельности по указанным направлениям представляется возможным на нормативно-правовой основе, что предполагает совершенствование действующего процессуального законодательства.

Features of the experience of Kazakhstan and Belarus in the implementation of the concept of a unified body of preliminary investigation

Formulation and consideration of various issues related to the improvement of the investigative apparatus of Russia are in the constant attention of representatives of legal science. The current state concept and the practical model of the country's investigative apparatus built on its basis require significant improvement in order to resolve existing organizational and procedural challenges. The purpose of the research is to identify and analyze the stages of construction, the positive and negative aspects of organization and activities of single and independent agencies of preliminary investigation in foreign countries, as well as the genesis and trends of their development. Based on the results obtained, the study formulates proposals for improving the investigative apparatus of the country regarding the Investigative Committee of Russia. To achieve this goal, the research explores the experience of organizing unified and independent preliminary investigation agencies in the countries of the former USSR and the West. All the results and conclusions were obtained using general scientific methods of scientific research: dialectical, logical, systemic, as well as private scientific and special such as comparative legal, formal legal, statistical, interpretation and a number of others. The author comes to the conclusion that organization and activities of the Investigative Committees of Russia and Belarus are basically similar, but there are some positions that differ significantly. Negative experience of building a unified and independent investigative committee was demonstrated in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The reason was insufficient attention paid to preparations on the part of the leadership to creation of such an agency. Thus, combination of functions of inquiry, operational-search, investigative, statistics and expert, as well as transfer of some of the important and inalienable powers of the prosecutor's office when creating such a law enforcement agency is unacceptable.

To the discussion of the problem of errors in neurosurgery. Literature review

Among all adverse perioperative events, medical error is one of the most serious, associated with possible complications for the patient, severe psychological trauma for the surgeon, and often with the involvement of the Investigative Committee in assessing the results of treatment. At the same time, among the researchers of this issue there is still no consensus on what exactly is meant by «medical error». In modern legal scientific publications, they often call for abandoning this term and using the concept of «negligence» for lawyers. It is all the more important in the professional community to define the concept of «medical error» and distinguish it from other undesirable events associated with the treatment of the patient. This review presents different approaches to the definition of the concepts of «medical error» and «surgical error», what is their main difference from iatrogenic, medical negligence, complications of surgery. Some classifications of errors in surgery are presented. The most common factors of surgical errors are identified, such as lack of competence and experience of the doctor, impaired interaction and communication of staff, excessive workload and fatigue, emergency operations, unusual patient anatomy, lack of necessary equipment and instruments. Using the example of neurosurgical practice, such errors as performing a craniotomy on the wrong side, surgery on the spine at the wrong level, leaving foreign bodies in the wound, and others are considered. In conclusion, the main measures for the prevention of errors in surgery in general and in neurosurgery in particular are described.

Features interaction of the institute of the Ombudsman for human rights of the Russian Federation with the Investigation committee of the Russian Federation

Features interaction of the institute of the Ombudsman for human rights of the Russian Federation with the Investigation committee of the Russian Federation

Transformation of Community-based Research in Higher Education

University transformation assumes social justice foundations that include equity, recognition, asymmetries of power, representation and voice. In this article we revisit, as a case study, the notorious “coloured women” article published by a team of white women researchers from Stellenbosch University in March 2019. The authors perpetuated stigmatising deficit narratives about Black women where “coloured” women were depicted as a homogeneous, intellectually deficient group. The university appointed a formal investigation committee (FIC) to investigate the claims of inherent racism and sexism lodged against the university, the ethics committee, and the authors of the article. We discuss the narratives inherent in the final institutional outcome and their implications for research engagement with marginalised communities. We discuss, through decolonial feminist and critical diversity literacies lenses (CDL), four narratives: the “sweeping under the carpet” narrative, the “kiss and make up” narrative, the “race as taboo” narrative and the “missing persons” narrative. We consider the challenges that remain; institutional racism, dealing with this case from a perspective of minimising institutional risk, the misrecognition of deep-seated internalised racism, an interrogation of personal and institutional ethics in community-based research. Transformation in research cannot be a legal procedure only. Personal and institutional reflexivity should inform meaningful restorative interventions.

Operational Improvement of Investigational Committee on Relief Services for Adverse Health Events in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Japan―Present and Future―

Operational Improvement of Investigational Committee on Relief Services for Adverse Health Events in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Japan―Present and Future―