Inverted Order Research Articles

Two-zero Majorana textures in the light of the Planck results

The recent results of the Planck experiment put a stringent constraint on the sum of the light neutrino masses, m1+m2+m3 < 0.23 eV (95 % CL). On the other hand, two-zero Majorana mass matrix textures predict strong correlations among the atmospheric angle and the sum of the masses. We use the Planck result to show that, for the normal hierarchy case, the texture with vanishing (2,2) and (3,3) elements is ruled out at a high confidence level; in addition, we emphasize that a future measurement of the octant of the atmospheric mixing angle (or the one sigma determination of it based on recent fit to neutrino data) will put severe constraint on the possible structure of the Majorana mass matrix. The implication of the above mentioned correlations for neutrinoless double beta-decay are also discussed, for both normal and inverted orderings.

Strong thermal leptogenesis and the absolute neutrino mass scale

We show that successful strong thermal leptogenesis, where the final asymmetry is independent of the initial conditions and in particular a large pre-existing asymmetry is efficiently washed-out, favours values of the lightest neutrino mass m1≳10 meV for normal ordering (NO) and m1≳3 meV for inverted ordering (IO) for models with orthogonal matrix entries respecting |Ωij2|≲2.We show analytically why lower values of m1 require a higher level of fine tuning in the seesaw formula and/or in the flavoured decay parameters (in the electronic for NO, in the muonic for IO). We also show how this constraint exists thanks to the measured values of the neutrino mixing angles and could be tightened by a future determination of the Dirac phase. Our analysis also allows us to place a more stringent constraint for a specific model or class of models, such as SO(10)-inspired models, and shows that some models cannot realise strong thermal leptogenesis for any value of m1.A scatter plot analysis fully supports the analytical results. We also briefly discuss the interplay with absolute neutrino mass scale experiments concluding that they will be able in the coming years to either corner strong thermal leptogenesis or find positive signals pointing to a non-vanishing m1. Since the constraint is much stronger for NO than for IO, it is very important thatnew data from planned neutrino oscillation experiments will be able to solve the ambiguity.

Generalised geometrical CP violation in a T ′ lepton flavour model

We analyse the interplay of generalised CP transformations and the non-Abelian discrete group T ′ and use the semi-direct product G f = T ′ ⋊H CP, as family symmetry acting in the lepton sector. The family symmetry is shown to be spontaneously broken in a geometrical manner. In the resulting flavour model, naturally small Majorana neutrino masses for the light active neutrinos are obtained through the type I see-saw mechanism. The known masses of the charged leptons, lepton mixing angles and the two neutrino mass squared differences are reproduced by the model with a good accuracy. The model allows for two neutrino mass spectra with normal ordering (NO) and one with inverted ordering (IO). For each of the three spectra the absolute scale of neutrino masses is predicted with relatively small uncertainty. The value of the Dirac CP violation (CPV) phase δ in the lepton mixing matrix is predicted to be δ = π/2 or 3π/2. Thus, the CP violating effects in neutrino oscillations are predicted to be maximal (given the values of the neutrino mixing angles) and experimentally observable. We present also predictions for the sum of the neutrino masses, for the Majorana CPV phases and for the effective Majorana mass in neutrinoless double beta decay. The predictions of the model can be tested in a variety of ongoing and future planned neutrino experiments.

Transition magnetic moment of Majorana neutrinos in the μνSSM

The nonzero vacuum expectative values of sneutrinos induce spontaneously R-parity and lepton number violation, and generate three tiny Majorana neutrino masses through the seesaw mechanism in the $\mu\nu$SSM, which is one of Supersymmetric extensions beyond Standard Model. Applying effective Lagrangian method, we study the transition magnetic moment of Majorana neutrinos in the model here. Under the constraints from neutrino oscillations, we consider the two possibilities on the neutrino mass spectrum with normal or inverted ordering.

Three dimensional topological insulators of CuxAu1−xInTe2 alloys

The topological band structure of the CuxAu1−xInTe2 alloys with (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) have been studied by the first principles study in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) and Engel–Vosko generalized gradient approximation (GGA_EV). Our studies show that the topological phase of CuxAu1−xInTe2 is sensitive to x and type of exchange correlation potentials. The inverted band order occurs with x<0.25 for mBJ and x<0.5 for GGA_EV and x>1 for GGA in band structure. Moreover, the band order of the alloys has been investigated under hydrostatic pressure. The calculated results strength is fitted to several second order polynomial equations for each of approximation.

θ13, μτ SYMMETRY BREAKING AND NEUTRINO YUKAWA TEXTURES

Within the type-I seesaw and in the basis where charged lepton and heavy neutrino mass matrices are real and diagonal, μτ symmetric four and three zero neutrino Yukawa textures are perturbed by lowest order μτ symmetry breaking terms. These perturbations are taken to be the most general ones for those textures. For quite small values of those symmetry breaking parameters, permitting a lowest order analysis, current best-fit ranges of neutrino mass squared differences and mixing angles are shown to be accommodable, including a value of θ13 in the observed range, provided all the light neutrinos have an inverted mass ordering.

The strongest bounds on active-sterile neutrino mixing after Planck data

Light sterile neutrinos can be excited by oscillations with active neutrinos in the early universe. Their properties can be constrained by their contribution as extra-radiation, parameterized in terms of the effective number of neutrino species Neff, and to the universe energy density today Ωνh2. Both these parameters have been measured to quite a good precision by the Planck satellite experiment. We use this result to update the bounds on the parameter space of (3+1) sterile neutrino scenarios, with an active-sterile neutrino mass squared splitting in the range (10−5–102) eV2. We consider both normal and inverted mass orderings for the active and sterile states. For the first time we take into account the possibility of two non-vanishing active-sterile mixing angles. We find that the bounds are more stringent than those obtained in laboratory experiments. This leads to a strong tension with the short-baseline hints of light sterile neutrinos. In order to relieve this disagreement, modifications of the standard cosmological scenario, e.g. large primordial neutrino asymmetries, are required.

A proposed mechanism for IS607-family serine transposases

BackgroundThe transposases encoded by the IS607 family of mobile elements are unusual serine recombinases with an inverted domain order and minimal specificity for target DNA.ResultsStructural genomics groups have determined three crystal structures of the catalytic domains of IS607 family transposases. The dimers formed by these catalytic domains are very different from those seen for other serine recombinases and include interactions that usually only occur upon formation of a synaptic tetramer.ConclusionsBased on these structures, we propose a model for how IS607-family transposases could form a synaptic tetramer. The model suggests that, unlike other serine recombinases, these enzymes carry out sequence-specific DNA binding and catalysis in trans: the DNA binding and catalytic domains of each subunit are proposed to interact with different DNA duplexes. The model also suggests an explanation for the minimal target DNA specificity.

Optimisation of compressed air and electricity consumption in a complex robotic cell

Energy conservation of a complex robotic cell can be achieved in many different ways. Parameters related to different utilities that are used in complex robotic cell could be easily varied. Various utilities and various parameters should be observed as a part of an integral approach. Naturally, it is required to have in mind the productivity and efficiency of the entire robotic cell. This study presents the optimisation of a complex robotic cell with installed electric and pneumatic devices. The presented methodology involves three key steps: (1) an identification of possible approaches in complex robotic cell optimisation; (2) an identification of parameters of influence on electricity and compressed air consumption; and (3) experimental evaluation of the proposed approaches with a recommendation for the optimal one, meeting the requirements of maximal productivity and energy efficiency. The identified approaches are optimisation of parameters influencing electricity and compressed air consumption in parallel; serial, where parameters of influence on the compressed air consumption are optimised firstly and then parameters that influence the electricity consumption, and serial with inverted order than previous. After experimental evaluation of the proposed methodologies, the following method could be recommended as an optimal: establishing the primary criterion (maximal productivity, minimal manufacturing costs, etc); optimisation of parameters that influence electricity consumption and then parameters related to compressed air consumption.

Global status of neutrino oscillation parameters after Neutrino-2012

Here we update the global fit of neutrino oscillations in arXiv:1103.0734 and arXiv:1108.1376 including the recent measurements of reactor antineutrino disappearance reported by the Double Chooz, Daya Bay and RENO experiments, together with latest MINOS and T2K appearance and disappearance results, as presented at the Neutrino-2012 conference. We find that the preferred global fit value of $\theta_{13}$ is quite large: $\sin^2\theta_{13} \simeq 0.025$ for normal and inverted neutrino mass ordering, with $\theta_{13} = 0$ now excluded at more than 10$\sigma$. The impact of the new $\theta_{13}$ measurements over the other neutrino oscillation parameters is discussed as well as the role of the new long-baseline neutrino data and the atmospheric neutrino analysis in the determination of a non-maximal atmospheric angle $\theta_{23}$.

Chicken IL-17F: Identification and comparative expression analysis in Eimeria-infected chickens

Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which plays an important role in gut homeostasis. A full-length chicken IL-17F (chIL-17F) cDNA with a 510-bp coding region was identified from ConA-activated chicken splenic lymphocytes. ChIL-17F shares 53% amino acid sequence identity with the previously described chicken IL-17 (chIL-17A) and 38–43% with mammalian homologues. The locus harboring chIL-17 and chIL-17F displayed inverted order compared to those of mammals. ChIL-17F transcript expression was high in lymphoblast cell line CU205 and at moderate levels in small and large intestines and liver. ChIL-17F and chIL-17 expression profiles were examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in mitogen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes and intestinal areas affected by Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella infections. Expression levels of chIL-17F, like chIL-17, were elevated in mitogen-activated splenic lymphocytes. ChIL-17F, but not chIL-17, expression was upregulated in intestinal tissues affected by E. maxima and E. tenella infections. Recombinant chIL-17F biological activities were similar to that of chIL-17 in primary chicken embryonic fibroblasts. These results suggest that chIL-17F is a unique member of the IL-17 family of cytokines.

An integrated automatic wall concreting system

Purpose Ja-wa refers to the construction of reinforced concrete sandwich walls, with variable production capacity for small and large buildings or colonies of houses, with an integrated system of automatic design and control of one-sided concreting with ongoing control of implementation quality; in the context of sustainable development, it includes minimization of direct investments and management costs and limited capital intensity of the devices applied. The ja-wa is a unilateral application system for a wandering automatic machine. Method The method is characterised by inverted order of building partitions in comparison to standard methods. The manner of building partitions with the ja-wa system is, firstly, to install e. g. target curtain coating, or a pneumatic tent, or a facade cladding layer or insulation, which is a lightweight, single-sided stay-in-place formwork. This becomes the base for the construction part. The material is applied in layers using the 'wet-on-wet' method, which ensures their monolithic character. The material is placed at intervals allowing the use of the growing strength of the previously made layers in order to transfer loads from the coatings applied later. This allows the construction of even a massive barrier at low load of the forming surface by a lightweight, folding scaffolding system. The automatic, computercontrolled manipulator moves with desired speed at intervals and on a fixed route fitted to the design of the object and developed in the ACAD or according to the route of either an individual program or a route introduced for repetition. The computer also controls the preparation of materials, controls the time when layers should be applied to different points of the implemented layers, checks the technical quality of works performed and in case of incompatibility intervenes to stop the works. Results & Discussion The paper contains a general description of the ja-wa system, the analysis of conditions for timely incorporation of the construction material and a comparison of the properties of the proposed partition to other solutions

Personal names as phrases

Names presented as phrases are an often overlooked category of names indexing, not covered in many resources, yet they present many challenges to indexers about whether they should be indexed in direct or inverted order, provoking lively discussion on their treatment. Noeline Bridge categorizes these types of names, illustrated with examples, many from her own indexing, along with advice on how to index them.

Sensitive Fluorescent Detection and Lewis Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

In this contribution is reported the sensitive properties of the Zn(II) Schiff base complex, 1, in dichloromethane with respect a series of primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic amines through the study of fluorescence enhancement upon amine coordination to the Lewis acidic Zn(II) metal center with formation of 1:1 adducts. It is found that complex 1 exhibits selectivity and nanomolar sensitivity for primary and alicyclic amines. A distinct selectivity is also observed along the series of secondary or tertiary amines, paralleling the increasing steric hindrance at the nitrogen atom. The binding interaction can be related to the Lewis basicity of the coordinating amine; thus, complex 1 represents a suitable reference Lewis acid, and estimated binding constants within the investigated amine series can be related to their relative Lewis basicity. A relative order of the Lewis basicity can be established for acyclic amines, primary > secondary > tertiary, while an inverted order, tertiary > secondary ≈ primary (acyclic), is found in the case of alicyclic amines. The present approach represents a simple, suitable method to ranking the relative Lewis basicity of aliphatic amines in low-polarity, nonprotogenic solvents.

Temporal Information Processing in Short- and Long-Term Memory of Patients with Schizophrenia

Cognitive deficits of patients with schizophrenia have been largely recognized as core symptoms of the disorder. One neglected factor that contributes to these deficits is the comprehension of time. In the present study, we assessed temporal information processing and manipulation from short- and long-term memory in 34 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 34 matched healthy controls. On the short-term memory temporal-order reconstruction task, an incidental or intentional learning strategy was deployed. Patients showed worse overall performance than healthy controls. The intentional learning strategy led to dissociable performance improvement in both groups. Whereas healthy controls improved on a performance measure (serial organization), patients improved on an error measure (inappropriate semantic clustering) when using the intentional instead of the incidental learning strategy. On the long-term memory script-generation task, routine and non-routine events of everyday activities (e.g., buying groceries) had to be generated in either chronological or inverted temporal order. Patients were slower than controls at generating events in the chronological routine condition only. They also committed more sequencing and boundary errors in the inverted conditions. The number of irrelevant events was higher in patients in the chronological, non-routine condition. These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia imprecisely access temporal information from short- and long-term memory. In short-term memory, processing of temporal information led to a reduction in errors rather than, as was the case in healthy controls, to an improvement in temporal-order recall. When accessing temporal information from long-term memory, patients were slower and committed more sequencing, boundary, and intrusion errors. Together, these results suggest that time information can be accessed and processed only imprecisely by patients who provide evidence for impaired time comprehension. This could contribute to symptomatic cognitive deficits and strategic inefficiency in schizophrenia.

A characterization of finite EI categories with hereditary category algebras

In this paper we give an explicit algorithm to construct the ordinary quiver of a finite EI category for which the endomorphism groups of all objects have orders invertible in the field k. We classify all finite EI categories with hereditary category algebras, characterizing them as free EI categories (in a sense which we define) for which all endomorphism groups of objects have invertible orders. Some applications on the representation types of finite EI categories are derived.

One language, two number-word systems and many problems: Numerical cognition in the Czech language

Comparing numerical performance between different languages does not only mean comparing different number-word systems, but also implies a comparison of differences regarding culture or educational systems. The Czech language provides the remarkable opportunity to disentangle this confound as there exist two different number-word systems within the same language: for instance, "25" can be either coded in non-inverted order "dvadsetpät" [twenty-five] or in inverted order "pätadvadset" [five-and-twenty]. To investigate the influence of the number-word system on basic numerical processing within one culture, 7-year-old Czech-speaking children had to perform a transcoding task (i.e., writing Arabic numbers to dictation) in both number-word systems. The observed error pattern clearly indicated that the structure of the number-word system determined transcoding performance reliably: In the inverted number-word system about half of all errors were inversion-related. In contrast, hardly any inversion-related errors occurred in the non-inverted number-word system. We conclude that the development of numerical cognition does not only depend on cultural or educational differences, but is indeed related to the structure and transparency of a given number-word system.

Reduction of matrices over orders of imaginary quadratic fields

A special decomposition (called the near standard form) of (1,2)-matrices over a ring is introduced and a method for a reduction of such matrices is explained. This can be applied for a detection of elementary second order matrices among invertible second order matrices. The tool is used in detail over orders of imaginary quadratic fields, where an algorithm, a number of properties and examples are presented.

Testing SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis with low energy neutrino experiments

We extend the results of a previous analysis of ours showing that, when both heavy and light flavour effects are taken into account, successful minimal (type I + thermal) leptogenesis with SO(10)-inspired relations is possible. Barring fine tuned choices of the parameters, these relations enforce a hierarchical RH neutrino mass spectrum that results into a final asymmetry dominantly produced by the next-to-lightest RH neutrino decays (N2 dominated leptogenesis). We present the constraints on the whole set of low energy neutrino parameters. Allowing a small misalignment between the Dirac basis and the charged lepton basis as in the quark sector, the allowed regions enlarge and the lower bound on the reheating temperature gets relaxed to values as low as ∼ 1010 GeV. It is confirmed that for normal ordering (NO) there are two allowed ranges of values for the lightest neutrino mass: m1 ≃ (1−5) × 10−3 eV and m1 ≃ (0.03−0.1) eV. For m1≲0.01 eV the allowed region in the plane θ13-θ23 is approximately given by θ23≲49°+0.65 (θ13−5°), while the neutrinoless double beta decay effective neutrino mass falls in the range mee = (1−3) × 10−3 eV for θ13 = (6°−11.5°). For m1≳0.01 eV, one has quite sharply mee ≃ m1 and an upper bound θ23≲46°. These constraints will be tested by low energy neutrino experiments during next years. We also find that inverted ordering (IO), though quite strongly constrained, is not completely ruled out. In particular, we find approximately θ23 ≃ 43°+12° log (0.2 eV/m1), that will be fully tested by future experiments.

Sequential Multiplex Analyte Capturing for Phosphoprotein Profiling

Microarray-based sandwich immunoassays can simultaneously detect dozens of proteins. However, their use in quantifying large numbers of proteins is hampered by cross-reactivity and incompatibilities caused by the immunoassays themselves. Sequential multiplex analyte capturing addresses these problems by repeatedly probing the same sample with different sets of antibody-coated, magnetic suspension bead arrays. As a miniaturized immunoassay format, suspension bead array-based assays fulfill the criteria of the ambient analyte theory, and our experiments reveal that the analyte concentrations are not significantly changed. The value of sequential multiplex analyte capturing was demonstrated by probing tumor cell line lysates for the abundance of seven different receptor tyrosine kinases and their degree of phosphorylation and by measuring the complex phosphorylation pattern of the epidermal growth factor receptor in the same sample from the same cavity.