Inverse Ratio Research Articles

Self-generated vortex flows in a tokamak magnetic island with a background flow

We present a gyrokinetic theory of self-generated E × B vortex flows in a magnetic island in a collisionless tokamak plasma with a background vortex flow. We find that the long-term evolution of the self-generated vortex flows can be classified into two regimes by the background vortex flow potential Φ, with an asymptotic criterion given by , where T is temperature, ε is the inverse aspect ratio and r is the radial coordinate. We find that the background vortex flow above the criterion significantly weakens the toroidal precession-induced long-term damping and structure change of the self-generated vortex flows. That is, the finite background vortex flow is beneficial to maintain the self-generated vortex flows, favorable to an internal transport barrier formation. Our result indicates that the island boundary region is a prominent location for triggering the transition to an enhanced confinement state of the magnetic island.

Five-Year Outcomes After Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Deferral of Revascularization in Infarct-Related Artery Lesions.

Little evidence is available about the long-term safety of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided deferral of revascularization in infarct-related artery (IRA) lesions, especially when measuring FFR in the late setting after myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes after deferral of revascularization in IRA lesions based on FFR assessed in the late phase of post-MI. From the J-CONFIRM registry (Long-Term Outcomes of Japanese Patients With Deferral of Coronary Intervention Based on Fractional Flow Reserve in Multicenter Registry), data on 1447 lesions (1263 patients) were divided into 2 groups: the IRA and non-IRA groups. The primary study end point was the cumulative 5-year incidence of target vessel failure (TVF), such as cardiac death, target vessel-related MI, and clinically driven target vessel revascularization. Of the 1447 lesions, 138 (9.5%) were classified into the IRA group. The median duration of FFR measurement was 716 days after MI. The frequency of visual-functional mismatches (ie, FFR >0.80 and percent diameter stenosis ≥50% or FFR ≤0.80 and percent diameter stenosis <50%) was comparable between the IRA and non-IRA groups (31.9% vs 36.3%). The cumulative 5-year incidence of TVF did not differ between the groups (9.2% vs 11.8%; inverse probability-weighted hazard ratio, 1.18, 95% confidence intervals, 0.48-2.91, P = .71). Similar results were observed irrespective of regional wall motion assessed by ultrasonic cardiography and acute MI type. The 5-year TVF rate did not differ between the IRA and non-IRA lesions when deferring revascularization guided by FFR in the late setting of post-MI.

Immunohistochemical Pattern of Histone H2A Variant Expression in an Experimental Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a frequent cause of AKI, resulting in vasoconstriction, cellular dysfunction, inflammation and the induction of oxidative stress. DNA damage, including physical DNA strand breaks, is also a potential consequence of renal IRI. The histone H2A variants, primary H2AX and H2AZ participate in DNA damage response pathways to promote genome stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical pattern of histone H2A variants' (H2AX, γH2AX(S139), H2AXY142ph and H2AZ) expression in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Comparing the immunohistochemical nuclear expression of γH2AX(S139) and H2AXY142ph in AKI, we observed that there is an inverse ratio of these two histone H2AX variants. If we follow different regions from the subcapsular structures to the medulla, there is an increasing extent gradient in the nuclear expression of H2AXY142ph, accompanied by a decreasing nuclear expression of γH2AX. In addition, we observed that different structures dominated when γH2AX and H2AXY142ph expression levels were compared. γH2AX was expressed only in the proximal tubule, with the exception of when they were dilated. In the medulla, H2AXY142ph is predominantly expressed in the loop of Henle and the collecting ducts. Our results show moderate sporadic nuclear H2AZ expression mainly in the cells of the distal tubules and the collecting ducts that were surrounded by dilated tubules with PAS (periodic acid-Schiff stain)-positive casts. These findings may indicate the degree of DNA damage, followed by postischemic AKI, with potential clinical and prognostic implications regarding this condition.

Structure of the impurity band in heavily doped nonmagnetic semiconductors

We study the properties of the impurity band in heavily doped nonmagnetic semiconductors using the Jacobi-Davidson algorithm and the supervised deep learning method. The disorder averaged inverse participation ratio and Thouless number calculation show us the rich structure inside the impurity band. A convolutional neural network model, which is trained to distinguish the extended/localized phase of the Anderson model with high accuracy, shows us the results in good agreement with the conventional approach. Together, we find that there are three mobility edges in the impurity band for a specific on-site impurity potential, which means the presence of the extended states while filling the impurity band.

Life's simple 7 and its association with trajectories in depressive symptoms among urban middle-aged adults

BackgroundThe American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 (LS7) is a composite metric assessing cardiovascular health on a scale of 0–14 comprised of nutrition, physical activity, cigarette use, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose. MethodsUsing data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study [n = 1465, Age at visit 1 (v1: 2004–2009): 30–66 y, 41.7 % male, 60.6 % African American], we investigated associations of trajectories in depressive symptoms (2004–2017) with Life's simple 7 scores after ∼8.6 years follow-up (2013–2017). Analyses used group-based zero-inflated Poisson trajectory (GBTM) models and multiple linear or ordinal logistic regression. GBTM analyses generated two classes of depressive symptoms trajectories (“low declining” and “high declining”), based on intercept and slope direction and significance. ResultsOverall, “high declining depressive symptoms” vs. the “low declining” group was associated with −0.67 ± 0.10 lower scores on LS7 total score (P < 0.001) in analyses adjusted for age, sex, race and the inverse mills ratio. This effect was markedly attenuated to −0.45 ± 0.10 score-points (P < 0.001) upon adjustment for socio-economic factors and to −0.27 ± 0.10 score-points (P < 0.010) in fully adjusted analyses, with a stronger association detected among women (β ± SE: −0.45 ± 0.14, P = 0.002). An association between elevated depressive symptoms over time (“high declining” vs “low declining”) and LS7 total score was detected among African American adults (β ± SE: −0.281 ± 0.131, p = 0.031, full model). Moreover, the “high declining” vs. “low declining” depressive symptoms group was associated with a lower score on LS7 physical activity (β ± SE: −0.494 ± 0.130, P < 0.001). ConclusionsPoorer cardiovascular health was linked to higher depressive symptoms over time.

Transition Characteristics of Non‐Hermitian Skin Effects in a Zigzag Lattice Without Chiral Symmetry

AbstractNon‐Hermitian systems recently have attracted tremendous attention due to their plentiful unique and fascinating properties, among which is the localization of an otherwise extensive bulk eigen‐state at the boundary when the open boundary condition (OBC) is imposed, an interesting phenomenon now referred to as non‐Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). Here, a non‐Hermitian Zigzag lattice model with/without chiral symmetry is investigated with respect to different nearest‐neighbor and long‐range hopping amplitudes and study the transition signature of NHSE by extracting information from the complex eigen‐energy spectra of the system under the periodic boundary condition (PBC), which is verified by the directional inverse participation ratio under OBC. Such an approach provides great simplicity in judging transitions of NHSE especially in lattices without chiral symmetry, where the obtained transition signatures are further confirmed by calculating the topological winding number of the energy under PBC. This work reveals a fundamental way to explore transitions of NHSE, and has a potential in helping understand more other complicated topological physics unique to non‐Hermitian systems.

Association of Circulating Metabolites With Racial Disparities in Hypertension and Stroke in the REGARDS Study.

In the United States, the risk of stroke is greater among Black compared with that among White individuals. However, the reasons for the difference in stroke incidence are not fully elucidated. We aimed to identify metabolites that account for higher prevalent hypertension and incident ischemic stroke among Black adults. We used a stroke case cohort nested within the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Targeted metabolomic profiling of 162 plasma metabolites was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We identified metabolites that were associated with prevalent hypertension and incident ischemic stroke and mediated the relationship between hypertension and ischemic stroke by weighted logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard model, and inverse odds ratio weighting mediation analysis. Incident ischemic stroke cases adjudicated through April 1, 2019 (n = 1,075) were included in the study. The random cohort sample was derived from the full cohort using stratified sampling (n = 968). Among 162 metabolites, gluconic acid was associated with prevalent hypertension in Black adults (odds ratio [OR] 1.86, 95% CI 1.39-2.47, p = 2.58 × 10-5) but not in White adults (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80-1.24, p = 0.97; p for interaction = 4.57 × 10-4). Gluconic acid also demonstrated an association with incident ischemic stroke among Black participants (hazard ratio [HR] 1.53, 95% CI 1.28-1.81, p = 1.76 × 10-6) but not White participants (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00-1.34, p = 0.057; p for interaction = 0.019). In mediation analysis, gluconic acid mediated 25.4% (95% CI 4.1%-46.8%, p = 0.02) of the association between prevalent hypertension and incident ischemic stroke among Black individuals. Specific socioeconomic factors were linked to elevated gluconic acid level among Black adults in multivariable analysis, including a Southern dietary pattern (β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.08-0.28, p < 0.001), lower educational attainment (β = 0.45, 95% CI 0.19-0.72, p = 0.001), and a lack of exercise (β = 0.26, 95% CI 0.01-0.51, p = 0.045). Gluconic acid is associated with prevalent hypertension and incident ischemic stroke and mediates the relationship between hypertension and ischemic stroke in Black but not White adults. Gluconic acid is a biomarker that is associated with social determinants of health including a Southern diet, low educational attainment, and low physical activity.

Strong-disorder renormalization group approach to the Anderson model using Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory

Previous work proposed a strong-disorder renormalization approach for the Anderson model, using it to calculate the density of states and the inverse participation ratio, Johri and Bhatt (2014). This is interesting because of the potential for expansion to higher dimensions and to interacting systems. The original proposal used a non-standard perturbation theory approach which avoided degeneracies. We implemented the same structure but with standard Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory. Here degeneracies do arise, and we consider two approaches, one in which renormalization is suppressed if degeneracy is present and a second in which the most common form of degeneracy is handled using standard degenerate perturbation theory. The version in which degeneracies are not handled performs similarly to the original proposal, and the addition of degeneracies provides some improvement.

Shaping effects on the geodesic acoustic mode in tokamaks

The geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) is investigated with gyro-kinetic equations in Miller local equilibrium model for shaped tokamak plasmas with an arbitrary elongation κ and a finite triangularity δ. In particular, the effects of triangularity on GAM frequency and damping rate are analyzed both analytically and numerically. The asymptotic analytical and exact numerical results both show that the frequency almost linearly increases with the triangularity but increases relatively more slowly for a negative δ, which agree well with the TCV observation on the trend. The analytical results clearly claim that the triangularity effect strength is dependent on the inverse aspect ratio and Shafranov shift gradient , while the numerical results indicate that the safety factor q also has a significant impact on the triangularity effects. In addition, the damping rate increases rapidly with triangularity when q is not too large and then saturates when δ is above about 0.3.

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Reservoir Properties on Oil Production from the Low-Permeability Formation by Extended Reach Wells

At present, extended reach wells (ERWs) are widely applied on oil and gas exploitation in numerous reservoirs around the globe, and this is attributed to their superiority in the development of marginal oil and gas fields and cost-effectiveness. Identifying the effects of reservoir properties on production is significant to the operation of ERWs for oil and gas extraction. This work utilizes numerical modeling techniques to simulate the application of ERWs in low-permeability formations. The impacts of low permeability on the oil production and the pressure distribution of the reservoirs with different formation properties are analyzed, and the simulation results of the oil exploitation by ERWs are compared with the oil production and pressure distribution of that by horizontal wells (HWs). A test scheme is designed to analyze the effect of reservoir properties on oil extraction through ERWs and quantify the sensitivity of oil production to reservoir properties. The reservoir properties of formation rock compressibility, formation fluid compressibility, initial reservoir pressure, reservoir saturation pressure, formation porosity, and absolute permeability are studied through 66 ERW cases. The results illustrate that low permeability leads to a fast decrease of oil production rates and significantly uneven pressure distribution. The pressure is lower at the center of the ERW but is higher at both ends of the ERW, while the pressure is evenly distributed along the horizontal well in the HW cases. In addition, the oil production is in direct proportion with the initial reservoir pressure, formation rock compressibility, formation porosity, and formation fluid compressibility but is in an inverse ratio with the reservoir saturation pressure. Furthermore, the initial reservoir pressure has the largest impact on both the total cumulative oil production driven out by natural energy and the cumulative oil production after the development of ten years by natural energy; on the contrary, the absolute permeability has no effect on the total cumulative oil production driven out by natural energy.

Lattice softness regulates recombination and lifetime of carrier in Germanium doped CsPbI2Br perovskite: First principles DFT and NAMD simulations

Perovskite materials are characterized by high concentration of intrinsic defects. These defects lead to non-radiative recombination of electron and hole pairs, which is one of the major factors leading to the poor performance of the optoelectronic devices fabricated from these materials. Using the first-principles method, we have demonstrated that energy loss due to non-radiative recombination is suppressed in defective CsPbI2Br (D-CsPbI2Br) with the doping of Germanium (Ge) in CsGexPb1-xI2Br (x ​= ​0.15). Bromine vacancy (VBr) in CsPbI2Br introduces localized states as seen in the PDOS, however, doping of Ge eliminates these states. Using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) and time-domain density functional theory, we show that the lifetime of the charge carriers is extended in Ge-doped CsPbI2Br (D-GeCsPbI2Br) by a factor of 3 and the dephasing time shortens to 6.2 ns. The electron localization function (ELF) plots of bulk CsPbI2Br (B–CsPbI2Br) show that charge localization increases around the Ge atom and it decreases the interaction between Pb atoms. In D-CsPbI2Br, phonons from a wide range of frequencies participate in scattering, and weak non-adiabatic (NA) coupling between electron and phonon in association with phonon modes in the low-frequency spectrum is responsible for extending the lifetime of charge carriers. Strong dynamic disorder in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations points to softening of lattice in D-GeCsPbI2Br. The increase in lattice softness of the Ge-doped is confirmed by the reduced value of bulk modulus (13.2 ​GPa) in D-GeCsPbI2Br as compared to the value in D-CsPbI2Br (13.6 ​GPa). Computing inverse participation ratio (IPR) gives the degree of localization of charge in the valence-band maximum (VBM) and conduction-band minimum (CBM). We have investigated the behavior of IPR and carrier lifetime with temperature, and based on these results, we found that lattice softness and a lifetime of charge carriers increase in D-GeCsPbI2Br.

Thermalization in many-fermion quantum systems with one-plus random k-body interactions

We study the mechanism of thermalization in finite many-fermion systems with random k-body interactions in the presence of a mean-field. The system Hamiltonian H, for m fermions in N single particle states with k-body interactions, is modeled by mean field one-body h(1) and a random k-body interaction V(k) with strength λ. Following the recent application of q-Hermite polynomials to these ensembles, a complete analytical description of parameter q, which describes the change in the shape of state density from Gaussian for q = 1 to semi-circle for q = 0 and intermediate for , and variance of the strength function are obtained in terms of model parameters. The latter gives the thermalization marker λ t defining the thermodynamic region. For , the smooth part of the strength functions is very well represented by conditional q-normal distribution (f CN ), which describes the transition in strength functions from Gaussian to semi-circle as the k-body interaction changes from k = 2 to m in H. In the thermodynamic region, ensemble averaged results for the first four moments of the strength functions and inverse participation ratio are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding smooth forms. For higher body rank of interaction k, the system thermalizes faster.

Abstract P362: Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Mediation by Socioeconomic Factors and Statin Use (The ELSA-Brasil Study)

Background: Statins are an effective strategy to reduce CVD risk, however, treatment goals are not achieved especially among Blacks and “Pardos” in Brazil. Hypothesis: Socioeconomic differences and lack of statin treatment for primary CVD prevention can explain part of the elevated mortality risk of Blacks and “Pardos”. Methods: Data from the ELSA-Brasil cohort (15,105 civil servants, from 6 state capital cities), excluding Asians, Indigenous, those with prevalent CVD and missing information about race or statin use. Race was self-reported as Black, “Pardo” or White. Brazilian guidelines at baseline (2008) were used to define those eligible for statin treatment. Cox survival analysis determined the risk of CVD mortality for Black and “Pardo” compared to White (adjusted by age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, LDL-c, BMI and smoking). We used inverse odds ratio weighting technique to calculate mediation for socioeconomic factors (SEF) (education, income, and having health insurance) and statin use when indicated to determine the natural direct and indirect effects of race on CVD mortality. We estimated the percent mediation as the percent change between β coefficients with and without weights applied. Results: Among the 13,396 individuals, the mean age was 52±9 years, 55.2% were women, 54.2% were White, and 10.2% were taking statins. Adjusted Black and “Pardo”/White CVD mortality HR was 1.91 (CI 95% = 1.30-2.81, p&lt;0,001). The direct effect of race on CVD mortality when considering the weight of SEF was 1.37 (CI 95% = 0.86-2.19) and considering the weight of statin use was 2.01 (CI 95% =1.36-2.98). SEF explained 51.5% (CI 95% = 17.0-60.2) and not using statins when indicated explained 7.8% (CI 95% = 4.2-23.3) of the racial inequality observed in CVD mortality risk (Table 1). Conclusions: The higher Black and “Pardo”/White CVD mortality risk is primarily explained by racial differences in SEF. Not using statins when there is indication for treatment increases in about 8% the CVD mortality risk for Blacks and “Pardos” compared to Whites.

Abstract P381: Factor VIII and Incident Hypertension in Black and White Adults: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort Study

Background: Black adults have a disproportionate hypertension burden. While some excess risk is mediated by diet and sociodemographics factors (e.g., income, education) much remains unexplained. Pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory states are associated with hypertension risk; higher coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is associated with thrombosis, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Black adults have higher FVIII than White adults. We sought to estimate incident hypertension risk among Black and White REGARDS adults by FVIII level, and determine if FVIII mediates some of the excess hypertension burden in Black REGARDS participants. Methods: Hypertension was use of blood pressure (BP)-lowering medications or 140/90 mm Hg BP threshold. We included Black and White participants from REGARDS without Visit 1 (2003-2007) hypertension, and hypertension assessment at visit 2 (2013-2016), and Visit 1 ELISA-measured FVIII. Modified Poisson regression estimated risk ratios (RR) of incident hypertension by FVIII level in models controlling for known confounders, stratified by race given a significant race*FVIII interaction on incident hypertension. Inverse odds ratio weighting estimated % mediation of the Black-White hypertension risk in each model that was due to FVIII. Results: Among the 1,870 included participants, mean (SD) age was 62 (8), 51% were female and 36% were Black participants. Relative to White participants, Black participants had higher mean FVIII level (114% vs. 103%; P&lt;0.001) and 46% greater hypertension risk (95% CI 30-65%) in the crude model. Higher FVIII did not associate with greater hypertension risk in any model ( Figure ). Factor VIII did not mediate excess burden of hypertension among Black participants in any models. Conclusions: FVIII was not associated with greater hypertension risk and did not mediate any of the excess burden of incident hypertension seen among Black participants.

Continuous similarity transformation for critical phenomena: Easy-axis antiferromagnetic XXZ model

We apply continuous similarity transformations (CSTs) to the easy-axis antiferromagnetic XXZ-model on the square lattice. The CST flow equations are truncated in momentum space by the scaling dimension $d$ so that all contributions with $d\le 2$ are taken into account. The resulting quartic magnon-conserving effective Hamiltonian is analyzed in the zero-, one-, and two-magnon sector. In this way, a quantitative description of the ground-state energy, the one-magnon dispersion and its gap as well as of two-magnon bound states is gained for anisotropies ranging from the gapped Ising model to the gapless Heisenberg model. We discuss the critical properties of the gap closing as well as the evolution of the one-magnon roton mininum. The excitation energies of two-magnon bound states are calculated and their decay into the two-magnon continuum is determined via the inverse participation ratio.

Improved laser phase locking with intra-cavity adaptive optics.

Phase locking of coupled lasers is severely hindered by the spread in their natural lasing frequencies. We present an intra-cavity adaptive optics method that reduces the frequency spread and thereby improves phase locking. Using an intra-cavity spatial light modulator and an iterative optimization algorithm, we demonstrate a fourfold enhancement of phase locking 450 coupled lasers, as quantified by the peak intensity and the inverse participation ratio of the far-field output distributions. We further show that the improvement is long-lasting, and suitable for phase locking of weakly coupled lasers.

Spatial patterns and influencing factors of soil SOC、DOC、ROC at initial stage of vegetation restoration in a karst area

Vegetation restoration has always been the focus of ecological research, but the synergistic effect of the soil carbon cycle and vegetation restoration succession process in karst area is still unclear. In this study, the complete succession zones of non-karst, karst, and karst vegetation restoration landforms in a National Nature Reserve, Caohai (Guizhou Province, China), were compared. The content distribution characteristics of SOC, ROC and DOC were investigated, as well as the geomorphology, spatial location and interaction were studied by using GLMM. The results show that the soil types and vegetation coverage of different landforms lead to a decrease in SOC in karst area with an increase in depth. The soil content in karst area was low, and in order to maintain the normal growth of vegetation, the proportion of soil ROC and DOC in SOC must be high, which leads to the order of soil ROC content in unrepaired area &amp;gt; vegetation restoration area &amp;gt; non-karst area. In addition, the content of SOC in the surface layer of the vegetation restoration area was lower than that of the unrepaired area and the non-karst area. The soil microbial activity in the vegetation restoration area is stronger, and more organic carbon was fixed in the plant. The vegetation coverage and diversity increased obviously and markedly as a result of dominant plants changing (from Gramineae to Gramineae + Compositae) in the karst vegetation restoration area, but the soil in the karst area could not provide sufficient nutrition for plants, ultimately resulting in an inverse ratio between surface SOC and vegetation diversity. This study aims to enhance understandings of ecological functions and vegetation restoration in karst areas, as well as responses to regional carbon cycling.

Energy spectrum and light absorption of arsenene quantum dots

As a close relative of phosphorene, puckered arsenene is stable and has been demonstrated experimentally as a promising two-dimensional semiconductor material. By means of a multi-orbital tight-binding model, we investigate theoretically the energy spectrum and magneto-optical properties of circular and rectangular arsenene quantum dots (AQDs). The tight-binding parameters are obtained by reproducing accurately the electron energy bands of puckered arsenene from the first-principle calculation. For both AQDs, the density of states (DOS), probability distribution and inverse participation ratio (IPR) of eigenstates, and optical absorption spectrum are calculated numerically. It is found that edge states of AQDs fill up the bulk band gap of puckered arsenene and are only localized near the armchair edges of AQDs. These features differ greatly from those in quantum dots made of graphene or phosphorene. The band edges of arsenene monolayer can be located roughly from the IPR and DOS spectrum. The light absorptivity of both AQDs under zero magnetic field depends strongly on the polarization direction of incident light. The position and intensity of absorption peaks can be tuned by the shape of quantum dots and the applied magnetic field. The anisotropy ratio of light absorption can be reduced by one order of magnitude under a magnetic field of tens of Tesla.

Limits to capital: Assessing the role of race on the Paycheck Protection Program for African American farmers in America

AbstractWe examine Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) lending among African American and white farmers. Using data from the U.S. Small Business Administration we run fixed effect estimations with a Mills inverse ratio. Our findings suggest discrimination due to limited capital access. We find statistically significant differences between approved loan amounts among African American farmers due to income level and location of their farms. These had minimal effects on white farmers. Our results call for policymakers to carefully monitor the PPP distribution in areas more vulnerable to financial difficulties. We provide policy recommendations.

Non-Hermiticity induced exceptional points and skin effect in the Haldane model on a dice lattice

The interplay of topology and non-Hermiticity has led to diverse, exciting manifestations in a plethora of systems. In this work, we systematically investigate the role of non-Hermiticity in the Chern insulating Haldane model on a dice lattice. Due to the presence of a non-dispersive flat band, the dice-Haldane model hosts a topologically rich phase diagram with the non-trivial phases accommodating Chern numbers $\pm 2$. We introduce non-Hermiticity into this model in two ways -- through balanced non-Hermitian gain and loss, and by non-reciprocal hopping in one direction. Both these types of non-Hermiticity induce higher-order exceptional points of order three. We substantiate the presence and the order of these higher-order exceptional points using the phase rigidity and its scaling. Further, we construct a phase diagram to identify and locate the occurrence of these exceptional points in the parameter space. Non-Hermiticity has yet more interesting consequences on a finite-sized lattice. Unlike for balanced gain and loss, in the case of non-reciprocal hopping, the nearest-neighbour dice lattice system under periodic boundary conditions accommodates a finite, non-zero spectral area in the complex plane. This manifests as the non-Hermitian skin effect when open boundary conditions are invoked. In the more general case of the dice-Haldane lattice model, the non-Hermitian skin effect can be caused by both gain and loss or non-reciprocity. Fascinatingly, the direction of localization of the eigenstates depends on the nature and strength of the non-Hermiticity. We establish the occurrence of the skin effect using the local density of states, inverse participation ratio and the edge probability, and demonstrate its robustness to disorder. Our results place the dice-Haldane model as an exciting platform to explore non-Hermitian physics.